Reverse transciptase PCR is also carried out at times. Which of the statement is true?

Amplification of RNA samples is not required for knowing the abundance of mRNA

Both the start and the end primers are used

Only a single cDNA strand is synthesized before the PCR

The primer used is always specific

Heterogeneity can also arise if DNA is damaged before amplification. Which of the following doesn’t cause DNA damage?

Chemical cross-linking between the strands

Chemical cross-linking within the strands

Why internal secondary structures are not preferred for primers?

Internal secondary structures require more amount of template

Internal structures are very bulky and thus elongation is not preferred

Because of it, primer may fold back on itself and won’t be available for template

Internal secondary structures require more amount of template

If internal structures are present, no proof reading would be observed

Which of the statement is correct for misincorporation?

Even if the error is induced at an early stage it is not incorporated in many sequences

If direct sequencing has carried this misincorporation is a great problem

The erroneous molecules give strong signals than genuine molecules in case of misincorporation

If the misincorporation in cloned PCR products it is a problem

Even if the error is induced at an early stage it is not incorporated in many sequences

Touch-down PCR is another modification. Its characteristics include:

The temperature is abruptly reduced in the second cycle

Lowering the temperature for primer annealing

Primer annealing is done at higher temperatures initially

The temperature is abruptly reduced in the second cycle

In earlier cycles less stringent conditions are there and in later cycles, more stringent conditions are there

Choose the correct statement with regard to quantitative PCR?

If the product measurement is done after the completion then the measurement is done by target sequence and no other factor affects it

End-point PCR is favourable over real time PCR

In real time PCR, quantification is done as the reaction is going on

If the product measurement is done after the completion then the measurement is done by target sequence and no other factor affects it

If the primers are available in limited amount, then the product obtained is proportional to the target sequence

The genetic relatedness between organisms can be identified by studying the band patterns when different PCR products are analysed electrophoreically. This method is called as ____________

restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)

amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)

random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)

If two successive PCRs are carried out, in which PCR there are chances of having a non-specific product?

It depends on the annealing temperature

What will happen if the amino acid sequence is used directly for primer designing?

The amount of uncertainty or certainty is a matter of chance

There would be certainty because the genetic code is unique for each amino acid

There would be uncertainty as the genetic code is degenerate and none of the amino acid is having a unique code

There would be uncertainty as the genetic code is degenerate but some of the amino acids such as methionine are having a unique codon

The amount of uncertainty or certainty is a matter of chance

How can PCR product be cloned into a vector?

It can be done only when PCR products are blunt-ended

It can be done only by restriction enzyme digestion

The blunt-ended approach is favoured

Which end of the primer should be matched properly in order to carry out the amplification?

Both of the ends should be matched properly

Anyone of the ends should match

What is the property of inosine?

The pairing capability is the same as the normal nucleotides

Having narrow range of pairing capabilities

Having a broad range of pairing capabilities

The pairing capability is the same as the normal nucleotides

Which of the statement holds for long-range PCR and in its relation?

It is the PCR in which longer templates are used

DNA polymerases which don’t have proof-reading activity give larger products

DNA polymerases’ processivity is not a measure to have larger products

It is PCR in which a mixture of enzymes is used to have larger products

Which of the following is useful in applications of PCR?

The amount of DNA required initially is high

Only one sample’s analysis can be carried out at a time

The amount of DNA required initially is high

Which can be used as a precaution in order to minimize contamination?

Placing the pre-PCR and post-PCR stages in the same rooms

Careful use and design of pipettes

Placing the pre-PCR and post-PCR stages in the same rooms

Extracting the DNA along with surface layers

Use of primers carefully is not very important

Primers are generally ____________

taken according to the amount available

Which of the following nucleotides should be there at 3’ end?

Any of A, T, G or C will work out

Polymerases are available with proof reading activity. Which of the following are the characteristics of these types of polymerases?

They can’t be obtained from archaebacteria

They are obtained from Thermococcus litoralis

They can’t be obtained from archaebacteria

The marine bacteria from which they are obtained grow at temperatures lower than that of Thermus aquatics

Polymerases are also available from other Thermus species. Which of the following is correct?

Thermus thermopilus gives Tfl enzyme

Thermus flavus gives Tfl enzyme

Thermus thermopilus gives Tfl enzyme

They are having proof reading activity

Thermus flavus gives Tth enzyme

Which of the following is not a condition for PCR?

DNA synthesis at 72 degrees for 1.5 minutes

Initial melting carried out for 5 minutes at 94 degrees

Initial melting followed by 30 cycles each consisting of melting for 1 minute at 94 degrees

Renaturation for 5 minutes at 60 degrees

DNA synthesis at 72 degrees for 1.5 minutes

Which of the following activity is not present in Taq polymerase?

Both 5’-3’ polymerase and 5’-3’ exonuclease

All the molecules generated during PCR will not be full length. Some will also be of intermediate length. Which of the statements is correct?

The number of full length molecules increase as number of cycles proceed

After first cycle, majority of the molecules will be full length and only some will be of intermediate length

In the next cycle, each intermediate molecule will generate one intermediate molecule and one target molecule

The number of full length molecules increase as number of cycles proceed

The number of intermediate molecules increase geometrically and the number of target molecules increase arithmetically

The process of amplification of specific DNA sequences by an enzymatic process is termed as ____________

polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

A reaction mixture for PCR consists of ____________

a region complementary to the sequence to be amplified

deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs)

a region complementary to the sequence to be amplified

Primers are the short sequences present anywhere in the nucleotide sequence to be amplified

Primers are the short sequences at the end of the nucleotide sequences which are used for amplification

Primers are the short sequences which are complementary to the nucleotides at the end of the sequence which is to be amplified

Primers are the short sequences present anywhere in the nucleotide sequence to be amplified

Primers are the short sequences which are complementary to the nucleotides anywhere in the sequence to be amplified

Which of the following is a characteristic of Taq polymerase?

It is obtained from thermophilic bacterium and can be grown in the laboratory below a temperature of 75 degrees

It is used in cellular synthesis processes and the optimum temperature is at least 90 degrees

90 + Mcqs in Polymerase Chain Reaction in Genetic Engineering Page 2 McqOptions

51.	Reverse transciptase PCR is also carried out at times. Which of the statement is true?
A.	Amplification of RNA samples is not required for knowing the abundance of mRNA
B.	Both the start and the end primers are used
C.	Only a single cDNA strand is synthesized before the PCR
D.	The primer used is always specific
Answer» E.

Discussion

52.	Heterogeneity can also arise if DNA is damaged before amplification. Which of the following doesn’t cause DNA damage?
A.	Amination of bases
B.	Chemical cross-linking between the strands
C.	Chemical cross-linking within the strands
D.	Slowing down the polymerase
Answer» B. Chemical cross-linking between the strands

Discussion

53.	Why internal secondary structures are not preferred for primers?
A.	Internal structures are very bulky and thus elongation is not preferred
B.	Because of it, primer may fold back on itself and won’t be available for template
C.	Internal secondary structures require more amount of template
D.	If internal structures are present, no proof reading would be observed
Answer» C. Internal secondary structures require more amount of template

Discussion

54.	If the template DNA belongs to several individual rather than single one, this type of heterogeneity is known as ____________
A.	Heterzygosity
B.	Product heterogeneity
C.	Population heterogeneity
D.	Template heterogeneity
Answer» D. Template heterogeneity

Discussion

55.	Which of the statement is correct for misincorporation?
A.	If direct sequencing has carried this misincorporation is a great problem
B.	The erroneous molecules give strong signals than genuine molecules in case of misincorporation
C.	If the misincorporation in cloned PCR products it is a problem
D.	Even if the error is induced at an early stage it is not incorporated in many sequences
Answer» D. Even if the error is induced at an early stage it is not incorporated in many sequences

Discussion

56.	Touch-down PCR is another modification. Its characteristics include:
A.	Lowering the temperature for primer annealing
B.	Primer annealing is done at higher temperatures initially
C.	The temperature is abruptly reduced in the second cycle
D.	In earlier cycles less stringent conditions are there and in later cycles, more stringent conditions are there
Answer» C. The temperature is abruptly reduced in the second cycle

Discussion

57.	Choose the correct statement with regard to quantitative PCR?
A.	End-point PCR is favourable over real time PCR
B.	In real time PCR, quantification is done as the reaction is going on
C.	If the product measurement is done after the completion then the measurement is done by target sequence and no other factor affects it
D.	If the primers are available in limited amount, then the product obtained is proportional to the target sequence
Answer» C. If the product measurement is done after the completion then the measurement is done by target sequence and no other factor affects it

Discussion

58.	How many approaches are there for measuring the quantity of PCR products?
A.	1
B.	2
C.	3
D.	4
Answer» C. 3

Discussion

59.	The genetic relatedness between organisms can be identified by studying the band patterns when different PCR products are analysed electrophoreically. This method is called as ____________
A.	restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP)
B.	amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)
C.	random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
D.	polymorphism
Answer» D. polymorphism

Discussion

60.	If two successive PCRs are carried out, in which PCR there are chances of having a non-specific product?
A.	First PCR
B.	Second PCR
C.	Both the PCRs
D.	It depends on the annealing temperature
Answer» B. Second PCR

Discussion

61.	What will happen if the amino acid sequence is used directly for primer designing?
A.	There would be certainty because the genetic code is unique for each amino acid
B.	There would be uncertainty as the genetic code is degenerate and none of the amino acid is having a unique code
C.	There would be uncertainty as the genetic code is degenerate but some of the amino acids such as methionine are having a unique codon
D.	The amount of uncertainty or certainty is a matter of chance
Answer» D. The amount of uncertainty or certainty is a matter of chance

Discussion

62.	How can PCR product be cloned into a vector?
A.	It can be done only when PCR products are blunt-ended
B.	It can be done only by restriction enzyme digestion
C.	Both the methods can be used
D.	The blunt-ended approach is favoured
Answer» C. Both the methods can be used

Discussion

63.	Which end of the primer should be matched properly in order to carry out the amplification?
A.	5’ end
B.	3’ end
C.	Both of the ends should be matched properly
D.	Anyone of the ends should match
Answer» C. Both of the ends should be matched properly

Discussion

64.	The process of inserting an amplified PCR product in a vector for cloning is known as __________
A.	making library
B.	insertion
C.	making a hard copy
D.	making a PCR based vector
Answer» D. making a PCR based vector

Discussion

65.	PCR is useful in population genetics because at times it can be used to study genetics of bacteria that can’t be cultured axenically.
A.	True
B.	False
C.	May be True or False
D.	Can't say
Answer» B. False

Discussion

66.	If cytosine is deaminated, which of the base is formed?
A.	Thymine
B.	Guanine
C.	Adenine
D.	Uracil
Answer» E.

Discussion

67.	What is the property of inosine?
A.	Having narrow range of pairing capabilities
B.	Having a broad range of pairing capabilities
C.	The pairing capability is the same as the normal nucleotides
D.	It is abbreviated as A
Answer» C. The pairing capability is the same as the normal nucleotides

Discussion

68.	Which of the statement holds for long-range PCR and in its relation?
A.	It is the PCR in which longer templates are used
B.	DNA polymerases which don’t have proof-reading activity give larger products
C.	DNA polymerases’ processivity is not a measure to have larger products
D.	It is PCR in which a mixture of enzymes is used to have larger products
Answer» E.

Discussion

69.	In the case of uncertainty, if more than one nucleotide is included at a position it is called ____________
A.	mixed site
B.	polynucleotide site
C.	unique site
D.	degenerate site
Answer» B. polynucleotide site

Discussion

70.	Which of the following is useful in applications of PCR?
A.	It is manual
B.	Only one sample’s analysis can be carried out at a time
C.	It is having a high speed
D.	The amount of DNA required initially is high
Answer» D. The amount of DNA required initially is high

Discussion

71.	Which can be used as a precaution in order to minimize contamination?
A.	Careful use and design of pipettes
B.	Placing the pre-PCR and post-PCR stages in the same rooms
C.	Extracting the DNA along with surface layers
D.	Use of primers carefully is not very important
Answer» B. Placing the pre-PCR and post-PCR stages in the same rooms

Discussion

72.	Primers are generally ____________
A.	20-30 nucleotides long
B.	40-50 nucleotides long
C.	as long as the template is
D.	taken according to the amount available
Answer» B. 40-50 nucleotides long

Discussion

73.	Cycle sequencing is the DNA sequencing where very less amounts of template are utilised for carrying out the sequencing.
A.	True
B.	False
C.	May be True or False
D.	Can't say
Answer» B. False

Discussion

74.	Which of the following nucleotides should be there at 3’ end?
A.	Any of A, T, G or C will work out
B.	Either A or T
C.	Either G or C
D.	Specifically G
Answer» D. Specifically G

Discussion

75.	Both the primers, the start primer and the end primer should have a nearly same melting temperature.
A.	True
B.	False
C.	May be True or False
D.	Can't say
Answer» B. False

Discussion

76.	Melting temperature is given by ____________
A.	4(G+C) + 2(A+T)
B.	2(G+C) + 4(A+T)
C.	2(A+G) + 4(C+T)
D.	4(A+G) + 2(C+T)
Answer» B. 2(G+C) + 4(A+T)

Discussion

77.	Thermococcus litoralis grows at a temperature upto 98 degrees.
A.	True
B.	False
C.	May be True or False
D.	Can't say
Answer» B. False

Discussion

78.	Taq polymerase incorporates which residue at 3’ end?
A.	G
B.	T
C.	A
D.	C
Answer» D. C

Discussion

79.	What is the half life cycle for Taq polymerase?
A.	40 minutes
B.	80 minutes
C.	10 minutes
D.	50 minutes
Answer» B. 80 minutes

Discussion

80.	Polymerases are available with proof reading activity. Which of the following are the characteristics of these types of polymerases?
A.	They add A residue at 3’ end
B.	They are obtained from Thermococcus litoralis
C.	They can’t be obtained from archaebacteria
D.	The marine bacteria from which they are obtained grow at temperatures lower than that of Thermus aquatics
Answer» C. They can’t be obtained from archaebacteria

Discussion

81.	Polymerases are also available from other Thermus species. Which of the following is correct?
A.	Thermus flavus gives Tfl enzyme
B.	Thermus thermopilus gives Tfl enzyme
C.	They are having proof reading activity
D.	Thermus flavus gives Tth enzyme
Answer» B. Thermus thermopilus gives Tfl enzyme

Discussion

82.	Primers and polymerases are added again during the reaction because they get consumed as the reaction proceeds.
A.	True
B.	False
C.	May be True or False
D.	Can't say
Answer» C. May be True or False

Discussion

83.	Which of the following is not a condition for PCR?
A.	Initial melting carried out for 5 minutes at 94 degrees
B.	Initial melting followed by 30 cycles each consisting of melting for 1 minute at 94 degrees
C.	Renaturation for 5 minutes at 60 degrees
D.	DNA synthesis at 72 degrees for 1.5 minutes
Answer» D. DNA synthesis at 72 degrees for 1.5 minutes

Discussion

84.	Which of the following activity is not present in Taq polymerase?
A.	5’-3’ polymerase
B.	5’-3’ exonuclease
C.	3’-5’ exonuclease
D.	Both 5’-3’ polymerase and 5’-3’ exonuclease
Answer» D. Both 5’-3’ polymerase and 5’-3’ exonuclease

Discussion

85.	All the molecules generated during PCR will not be full length. Some will also be of intermediate length. Which of the statements is correct?
A.	After first cycle, majority of the molecules will be full length and only some will be of intermediate length
B.	In the next cycle, each intermediate molecule will generate one intermediate molecule and one target molecule
C.	The number of full length molecules increase as number of cycles proceed
D.	The number of intermediate molecules increase geometrically and the number of target molecules increase arithmetically
Answer» C. The number of full length molecules increase as number of cycles proceed

Discussion

86.	The process of amplification of specific DNA sequences by an enzymatic process is termed as ____________
A.	amplification
B.	polymerase chain reaction (PCR)
C.	translation
D.	microarrays
Answer» B. polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Discussion

87.	A reaction mixture for PCR consists of ____________
A.	heat unstable polymerase
B.	primers in a limited amount
C.	deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTPs)
D.	a region complementary to the sequence to be amplified
Answer» D. a region complementary to the sequence to be amplified

Discussion

88.	What are primers?
A.	Primers are the short sequences at the end of the nucleotide sequences which are used for amplification
B.	Primers are the short sequences which are complementary to the nucleotides at the end of the sequence which is to be amplified
C.	Primers are the short sequences present anywhere in the nucleotide sequence to be amplified
D.	Primers are the short sequences which are complementary to the nucleotides anywhere in the sequence to be amplified
Answer» C. Primers are the short sequences present anywhere in the nucleotide sequence to be amplified

Discussion

89.	These are steps taken in carrying out the PCR reaction:i) Attaching of primers by coolingii) Denaturation of strandsiii) DNA synthesisiv) HeatingWhich is the correct order?(Mentioned from starting to ending the reaction)
A.	i)-ii)-iii)-iv)
B.	ii)-i)-iii)-iv)
C.	iv)-iii)-ii)-i)
D.	iv)-ii)-i)-iii)
Answer» E.

Discussion

90.	Which of the following is a characteristic of Taq polymerase?
A.	It is an RNA polymerase
B.	It is heat stable
C.	It is obtained from thermophilic bacterium and can be grown in the laboratory below a temperature of 75 degrees
D.	It is used in cellular synthesis processes and the optimum temperature is at least 90 degrees
Answer» C. It is obtained from thermophilic bacterium and can be grown in the laboratory below a temperature of 75 degrees

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Genetic Engineering.

Reverse transciptase PCR is also carried out at times. Which of the statement is true?

Heterogeneity can also arise if DNA is damaged before amplification. Which of the following doesn’t cause DNA damage?

Why internal secondary structures are not preferred for primers?

If the template DNA belongs to several individual rather than single one, this type of heterogeneity is known as ____________

Which of the statement is correct for misincorporation?

Touch-down PCR is another modification. Its characteristics include:

Choose the correct statement with regard to quantitative PCR?

How many approaches are there for measuring the quantity of PCR products?

The genetic relatedness between organisms can be identified by studying the band patterns when different PCR products are analysed electrophoreically. This method is called as ____________

If two successive PCRs are carried out, in which PCR there are chances of having a non-specific product?

What will happen if the amino acid sequence is used directly for primer designing?

How can PCR product be cloned into a vector?

Which end of the primer should be matched properly in order to carry out the amplification?

The process of inserting an amplified PCR product in a vector for cloning is known as __________

PCR is useful in population genetics because at times it can be used to study genetics of bacteria that can’t be cultured axenically.

If cytosine is deaminated, which of the base is formed?

What is the property of inosine?

Which of the statement holds for long-range PCR and in its relation?

In the case of uncertainty, if more than one nucleotide is included at a position it is called ____________

Which of the following is useful in applications of PCR?

Which can be used as a precaution in order to minimize contamination?

Primers are generally ____________

Cycle sequencing is the DNA sequencing where very less amounts of template are utilised for carrying out the sequencing.

Which of the following nucleotides should be there at 3’ end?

Both the primers, the start primer and the end primer should have a nearly same melting temperature.

Melting temperature is given by ____________

Thermococcus litoralis grows at a temperature upto 98 degrees.

Taq polymerase incorporates which residue at 3’ end?

What is the half life cycle for Taq polymerase?

Polymerases are available with proof reading activity. Which of the following are the characteristics of these types of polymerases?

Polymerases are also available from other Thermus species. Which of the following is correct?

Primers and polymerases are added again during the reaction because they get consumed as the reaction proceeds.

Which of the following is not a condition for PCR?

Which of the following activity is not present in Taq polymerase?

All the molecules generated during PCR will not be full length. Some will also be of intermediate length. Which of the statements is correct?

The process of amplification of specific DNA sequences by an enzymatic process is termed as ____________

A reaction mixture for PCR consists of ____________

What are primers?

These are steps taken in carrying out the PCR reaction:i) Attaching of primers by coolingii) Denaturation of strandsiii) DNA synthesisiv) HeatingWhich is the correct order?(Mentioned from starting to ending the reaction)

Which of the following is a characteristic of Taq polymerase?