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Tolerance develops because of:
a) Diminished absorption
b) Rapid excretion of a drug
c) Both of the above
d) None of the above
d) None of the above
d) None of the above
See lessWhat does “affinity” mean?
a) A measure of how tightly a drug binds to plasma proteins
b) A measure of how tightly a drug binds to a receptor
c) A measure of inhibiting potency of a drug
d) A measure of bio availability of a drug
b) A measure of how tightly a drug binds to a receptor
b) A measure of how tightly a drug binds to a receptor
See lessAll of the following statements about efficacy and potency are true EXCEPT:
a) Efficacy is usually a more important clinical consideration than potency
b) Efficacy is the maximum effect of a drug
c) Potency is a comparative measure, refers to the different doses of two drugs that are needed to produce the same effect
d) The ED50 is a measure of drug’s efficacy
d) The ED50 is a measure of drug’s efficacy
d) The ED50 is a measure of drug’s efficacy
See lessThe increase of second messengers’ (cAMP, cGMP, Ca2+ etc.) concentration leads to:
a) Inhibition of intracellular protein kinases and protein phosphorylation
b) Proteinkinases activation and protein phosphorylation
c) Blocking of interaction between a receptor and an effector
d) Antagonism with endogenous ligands
b) Proteinkinases activation and protein phosphorylation
b) Proteinkinases activation and protein phosphorylation
See lessDrug resistance is a term used to describe the loss of effectiveness of antimicrobial or antitumour drugs. This consideration is:
a) True
b) False
Drug resistance is a term used to describe the loss of effectiveness of antimicrobial or antitumour drugs. This consideration is True.
Drug resistance is a term used to describe the loss of effectiveness of antimicrobial or antitumour drugs. This consideration is True.
See lessCharacteristic unwanted reaction which isn’t related to a dose or to a pharma codynamic property of a drug is called:
a) Idiosyncrasy
b) Hypersensitivity
c) Tolerance
d) Teratogenic action
b) Hypersensitivity
b) Hypersensitivity
See lessIf two drugs with the same effect, taken together, produce an effect that is equal in magnitude to the sum of the effects of the drugs given individually, it is called as:
a) Antagonism
b) Potentiation
c) Additive effect
d) None of the above
c) Additive effect
c) Additive effect
See lessTick the second messenger of G-protein-coupled (metabotropic) receptor:
a) Adenylyl cyclase
b) Sodium ions
c) Phospholipase C
d) cAMP
Option(d) cAMP.
Option(d) cAMP.
See lessTolerance and drug resistance can be a consequence of:
a) Change in receptors, loss of them or exhaustion of mediators
b) Increased receptor sensitivity
c) Decreased metabolic degradation
d) Decreased renal tubular secretion
a) Change in receptors, loss of them or exhaustion of mediators
a) Change in receptors, loss of them or exhaustion of mediators
See lessAn agonist is a substance that:
a) Interacts with the receptor without producing any effect
b) Interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell function, producing various effects
c) Increases concentration of another substance to produce effect
d) Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn’t produce any effect
b) Interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell function, producing various effects
b) Interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell function, producing various effects
See less