MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 657 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Testing Subject knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Organogenesis is |
| A. | formation of callus tissue |
| B. | formation of root and shoots on callus tissue |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | genesis of organs |
| Answer» C. both (a) and (b) | |
| 2. |
Subculturing is similar to propagation by cuttings because |
| A. | it separates multiple microshoots and places them in a medium |
| B. | it uses scions to produce new microshoots |
| C. | they both use in vitro growing conditions |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. it uses scions to produce new microshoots | |
| 3. |
Cell fusion method includes the preparation of large number of |
| A. | plant cells stripped of their cell wall |
| B. | single plant cell stripped of their cell wall |
| C. | plant cells with cell wall |
| D. | cells from different species |
| Answer» C. plant cells with cell wall | |
| 4. |
The composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is most like that of |
| A. | the outer mitochondrial membrane |
| B. | the cell's plasma membrane |
| C. | some bacterial plasma membranes |
| D. | the nuclear membrane |
| Answer» D. the nuclear membrane | |
| 5. |
Lysosomes are associated with |
| A. | photosynthesis |
| B. | respiration |
| C. | storage |
| D. | digestion |
| Answer» E. | |
| 6. |
The phenomenon of the reversion of mature cells to the meristematic state leading to the formation of callus is known as |
| A. | redifferentiation |
| B. | dedifferentiation |
| C. | either (a) or (b) |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. either (a) or (b) | |
| 7. |
Very high sugar concentration (40-100 g/l) have been used |
| A. | in specialized secondary metabolite production |
| B. | to adjust the osmotic potential of the media in short term treatment for regeneration |
| C. | Both (a) and (b) |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 8. |
Which of the following is used in the culture of regenerating protoplasts, single cells or very dilute cell suspensions? |
| A. | Nurse medium |
| B. | Nurse or feeder culture |
| C. | Both (a) and (b) |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» D. None of these | |
| 9. |
Which of the following is not an electron carrier class in the electron transport chain? |
| A. | Flavoproteins |
| B. | Cytochromes |
| C. | Iron - sulfur proteins |
| D. | Cytochrome c oxidase |
| Answer» E. | |
| 10. |
Water content of active protoplasm is |
| A. | 10% |
| B. | 40% |
| C. | 70% |
| D. | 90% |
| Answer» E. | |
| 11. |
"The universe tends towards maximum disorder" is stated by |
| A. | first law of thermodynamics |
| B. | second law of thermodynamics |
| C. | third law of thermodynamics |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. third law of thermodynamics | |
| 12. |
If the ends of the following polysaccharide are pulled, which one would stretch the most? |
| A. | Glycogen |
| B. | Starch |
| C. | Cellulose |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» C. Cellulose | |
| 13. |
In plant cell culture media, auxins and cytokinins are used in the range of |
| A. | l-50μM |
| B. | 50-100μM |
| C. | 100-125μM |
| D. | more than 125μM |
| Answer» B. 50-100μM | |
| 14. |
Concentration of sucrose generally used in plant cell culture media is |
| A. | 10-15 g/l |
| B. | 20-30 g/l |
| C. | 40-50 g/l |
| D. | 60-70 g/l |
| Answer» C. 40-50 g/l | |
| 15. |
What is meant by 'Organ culture' ? |
| A. | Maintenance alive of a whole organ, after removal from the organism by partial immersion in a nutrient fluid |
| B. | Introduction of a new organ in an animal body with a view to create genetic mutation in the progenies of that animal |
| C. | Cultivation of organs in a laboratory through the synthesis of tissues |
| D. | The aspects of culture in community which are mainly dedicated by the need of a specified organ of the human body |
| Answer» B. Introduction of a new organ in an animal body with a view to create genetic mutation in the progenies of that animal | |
| 16. |
What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients? |
| A. | Glycolysis |
| B. | Creatine phosphate |
| C. | The redox reactions of electron transport |
| D. | ATP |
| Answer» D. ATP | |
| 17. |
Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential? |
| A. | Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions |
| B. | The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo |
| C. | Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo | |
| 18. |
Normally CO2 and O2 enter a plant by |
| A. | osmosis |
| B. | active transport |
| C. | diffusion |
| D. | evaporation |
| Answer» D. evaporation | |
| 19. |
Which of the following is an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor? |
| A. | Citric acid |
| B. | Succinic acid |
| C. | Activated charcoal |
| D. | Silver thiosulphate |
| Answer» E. | |
| 20. |
The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that |
| A. | the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm |
| B. | the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm |
| C. | mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium |
| D. | mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane |
| Answer» E. | |
| 21. |
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial proteins is true? |
| A. | All mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria |
| B. | Some mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria and others |
| C. | All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm |
| D. | Mitochondrial proteins arise from other mitochondrial proteins |
| Answer» C. All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm | |
| 22. |
Which of the following elements is likely to form the least polar covalent bond with hydrogen? |
| A. | Nitrogen |
| B. | Oxygen |
| C. | Carbon |
| D. | Phosphorus |
| Answer» D. Phosphorus | |
| 23. |
Which of the following is not an auxin? |
| A. | Indole acetic acid (IAA) |
| B. | Naphthalenacetic acid (NAA) |
| C. | zeatin |
| D. | Indole butyric acid |
| Answer» D. Indole butyric acid | |
| 24. |
To maintain the pH of the culture |
| A. | organic acid such as citric, fumaric, malic and succinic acid is used |
| B. | synthetic buffers such as Tris, MES or HEPS are used |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | ammonium salts are used |
| Answer» D. ammonium salts are used | |
| 25. |
Which of the following growth regulator is used to stimulate embryo or shoot development? |
| A. | Auxins |
| B. | Cytokinins |
| C. | Gibberellins |
| D. | Brassinosteroids |
| Answer» D. Brassinosteroids | |
| 26. |
Which is not true about a photon? |
| A. | It is a packet of light energy |
| B. | The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of the photons |
| C. | It is trapped by photosynthetic unit |
| D. | It donates electron to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose |
| Answer» E. | |
| 27. |
Which of the following functional groups would make a carbon-based compound the least polar? |
| A. | Phosphate |
| B. | Methyl |
| C. | Carboxyl |
| D. | Amino |
| Answer» C. Carboxyl | |
| 28. |
Which is/are the disadvantage/(s) of using IAA in plant cell culture media? |
| A. | It is unstable in solution |
| B. | Gets easily oxidized |
| C. | Conjugated to inactive form by plant cells |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 29. |
What is 'nurse' or conditioned medium? |
| A. | It is the media full of growth factors used for the growth of cells |
| B. | It is the medium added to nurse the callus culture |
| C. | Both (a) and (b) |
| D. | It is the liquid medium removed from the suspension of fast growing cells |
| Answer» E. | |
| 30. |
Protoplasts are the cells devoid of |
| A. | cell membrane |
| B. | cell wall |
| C. | both cell wall and cell membrane |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. both cell wall and cell membrane | |
| 31. |
Protoplasts can be produced from suspension cultures, callus tissues or intact tissues by enzymatic treatment with |
| A. | cellulotyic enzymes |
| B. | pectolytic enzymes |
| C. | both cellulotyic and pectolytic enzymes |
| D. | proteolytic enzymes |
| Answer» D. proteolytic enzymes | |
| 32. |
Silver thiosulphate is added to culture medium as it helps to |
| A. | maintain the pH |
| B. | remove toxic phenolics from plant cells |
| C. | prevent the gaseous plant hormone, ethylene dioxide from accumulating to detrimental condition. |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» D. all of the above | |
| 33. |
Both plant and animal cell possess |
| A. | cell walls |
| B. | mitochondria |
| C. | central vacuoles |
| D. | chloroplast |
| Answer» C. central vacuoles | |
| 34. |
Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory? |
| A. | Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium |
| B. | Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis |
| C. | Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium |
| D. | An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport |
| Answer» C. Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium | |
| 35. |
Which of the following can be found as a part of the mitochondrial matrix? |
| A. | Ribosomes |
| B. | DNA |
| C. | Enzymes |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 36. |
In plant cells, which of the following is not a function of the large central vacuoles of plant cells? |
| A. | Storage of food |
| B. | Support |
| C. | Contractile regulation of |
| D. | Waste storage water content |
| Answer» D. Waste storage water content | |
| 37. |
Cellular metabolism is an example of |
| A. | equilibrium metabolism |
| B. | steady-state metabolism |
| C. | a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions |
| D. | a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics |
| Answer» C. a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions | |