MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 137 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Biology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 101. |
Which is the most common organism causing community acquired pneumonia? |
| A. | pneumococcus |
| B. | hemophilus influenzi |
| C. | viral |
| D. | gm negatives |
| E. | mycoplasma |
| Answer» B. hemophilus influenzi | |
| 102. |
Which of the following calcium channel blockers has the longest plasma half life? |
| A. | Felodipine |
| B. | Diltiazem |
| C. | Amlodipine |
| D. | Nimodipine |
| E. | Verapamil |
| Answer» D. Nimodipine | |
| 103. |
which organism causing pneumonia has an increased association with COPD |
| A. | pneumococcus |
| B. | hemophilus influenzi |
| C. | viral |
| D. | gm negatives |
| E. | mycoplasma |
| Answer» C. viral | |
| 104. |
Which of the following calcium channel blockers is excreted predominantly in the faeces? |
| A. | Nifedipine |
| B. | Felodipine |
| C. | Diltiazem |
| D. | Nimodipine |
| E. | Verapamil |
| Answer» D. Nimodipine | |
| 105. |
The following include major actions of digoxin on cardiac electrical functions EXCEPT |
| A. | Decreased PR interval on ECG |
| B. | Decreased conduction velocity at the AV node |
| C. | Increased automaticity of the atrial muscle |
| D. | Decreased effective refractory period in purkinje system/ventricles |
| E. | Bigeminy can be induced by digoxin |
| Answer» B. Decreased conduction velocity at the AV node | |
| 106. |
Which of the following increases the risk of digoxin induced arrhythmias? |
| A. | Hyperkalaemia |
| B. | Hypercalcaemia |
| C. | Hypermagnesaemia |
| D. | Hyperuricaemia |
| E. | Hypernatraemia |
| Answer» C. Hypermagnesaemia | |
| 107. |
Digoxin |
| A. | Is poorly lipid soluble |
| B. | Is extensively metabolized |
| C. | Has a half life in the body of 40 hours |
| D. | Has minimal GI toxicity |
| E. | Is 80% bound to plasma proteins |
| Answer» D. Has minimal GI toxicity | |
| 108. |
Drugs which may increase digoxin effect include all of the following EXCEPT |
| A. | Amiodarone |
| B. | Diltiazem |
| C. | Frusemide |
| D. | Quinidine |
| E. | Antacids |
| Answer» F. | |
| 109. |
Which of the following drugs has the smallest volume of distribution? |
| A. | Chloroquine |
| B. | Verapamil |
| C. | Imipramine |
| D. | Warfarin |
| E. | Digoxin |
| Answer» E. Digoxin | |
| 110. |
Which organism causing pneumonia has an increased incidence in IV drug users and those post-influenza? |
| A. | pneumococcus |
| B. | staph aureus |
| C. | viral |
| D. | gm negatives |
| E. | mycoplasma |
| Answer» C. viral | |
| 111. |
Which drug/s should be used in adult mild-mod. Community acquired pneumonia? |
| A. | amoxycillin |
| B. | doxycycline |
| C. | rulide |
| D. | any of the above as a single drug |
| E. | amoxycillin and rulide |
| Answer» E. amoxycillin and rulide | |
| 112. |
Drugs of abuse can be extremely dangerous in the wrong hands! Which of the following is correct |
| A. | Ketamine is structurally related to psilocybin |
| B. | LSD acts on various 5 HT receptor subtypes to produce its mind altering effects |
| C. | Marijuana causes mydriasis and conjunctival infection |
| D. | Cocaine has a long plasma half life |
| E. | Amphetamine like drugs cause marked stimulation of appetite |
| Answer» C. Marijuana causes mydriasis and conjunctival infection | |
| 113. |
Regarding pharmacokinetics of antidepressants |
| A. | Most are highly protein bound |
| B. | Fluoxetine is poorly absorbed |
| C. | Tricyclics are predominantly excreted unchanged in the urine |
| D. | Plasma half lives of antidepressants are mostly less than 10 hours |
| E. | The half life of the older MAOIs is helpful in governing doses |
| Answer» B. Fluoxetine is poorly absorbed | |
| 114. |
Pharmacokinetics of doxycycline |
| A. | 20% bound by serum proteins |
| B. | 60-70% absorption after oral administration |
| C. | Absorption is impaired by divalent cations, Al3+, and antacids |
| D. | Widely distributed especially into the CSF |
| E. | Is eliminated via renal mechanisms |
| Answer» D. Widely distributed especially into the CSF | |
| 115. |
Regarding the pharmacokinetics of the tetracyclines |
| A. | Tetracyclines are 40 to 80 % bound by serum proteins |
| B. | Absorption is enhanced by coadministration of antacids |
| C. | Tetracyclines cross the blood brain barrier easily |
| D. | Doxycycline is excreted predominantly by the kidney |
| E. | Demeclocyline is a short acting tetracycline drug |
| Answer» B. Absorption is enhanced by coadministration of antacids | |
| 116. |
Regarding IV anaesthetic agents |
| A. | Ketamine is the induction agent of choice in a head injured patient |
| B. | Propofol has a slow offset of action |
| C. | Etomidate causes hypotension more commonly than thiopentone |
| D. | Ideal agents for neuroleptanalgesia are fentanyl and droperidol |
| E. | Thiopentone is metabolised at a rate of 40-50% per hour in humans following a single dose |
| Answer» E. Thiopentone is metabolised at a rate of 40-50% per hour in humans following a single dose | |
| 117. |
Regarding local anaesthetic agents |
| A. | Lignocaine is also an antiarrhythmic of the Vaughan Williams classification group 1A |
| B. | At normal pH the larger fraction of local anaesthetic in the body fluids will be in the unchanged form |
| C. | Bupivacaine may cause an apparent cyanosis in some patients |
| D. | The duration of action of procaine will be increased in the presence of liver disease |
| E. | Local anaesthetic agents block conduction in small myelinated axons prior to blockade of other axons |
| Answer» F. | |
| 118. |
Which of the following local anaesthetic agents is an ester |
| A. | Bupivacaine |
| B. | Ropivacaine |
| C. | Prilocaine |
| D. | Procaine |
| E. | Lignocaine |
| Answer» E. Lignocaine | |
| 119. |
Local anaesthetic agents |
| A. | Are primarily K+ channel blockers |
| B. | Prevent repolarisation of the membrane |
| C. | Can be used with a vasodilator to prolong local action |
| D. | Activity is enhanced by high extracellular K+ concentration |
| E. | Activity is enhanced by high extracellular Ca2+ |
| Answer» E. Activity is enhanced by high extracellular Ca2+ | |
| 120. |
Regarding the penicillins |
| A. | Penicillin ix excreted into breast milk to levels 3-15% of those present in the serum |
| B. | Absorption of amoxyl is impaired by food |
| C. | Benzathine penicillin is given PO |
| D. | Penicillins are 90% excreted by glomerular filtration |
| E. | Dosage of nafcillin should be adjusted in the presence of renal failure |
| Answer» B. Absorption of amoxyl is impaired by food | |
| 121. |
All of the following are true regarding metronidazole EXCEPT |
| A. | It is used to treat giardia |
| B. | It causes a metallic taste in the mouth |
| C. | It inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase |
| D. | It is used to treat gardnerella |
| E. | It is useful against trichomonoas vaginalis |
| Answer» D. It is used to treat gardnerella | |
| 122. |
Regarding temazepam all of the following are true EXCEPT |
| A. | It produces inactive metabolites |
| B. | It induces enzymes only to a minimal extent |
| C. | It causes less hangover than nitrazepam |
| D. | It causes rebound insomnia |
| E. | It increases REM sleep |
| Answer» F. | |
| 123. |
Regarding antiseptic agents all of the following are true EXCEPT |
| A. | Sodium hypochlorite is an effective antiseptic for intact skin |
| B. | Potassium permanganase is an effective bactericidal agent |
| C. | Formaldehyde may be used to disinfect instruments |
| D. | Chlorhexidine is active against gram positive cocci |
| E. | Ethanol is an effective skin antiseptic because it denatures microbial proteins |
| Answer» B. Potassium permanganase is an effective bactericidal agent | |
| 124. |
Regarding GABA: all the following are true EXCEPT |
| A. | Receptor blockers have anticonvulsant activity |
| B. | Is found in high concentrations in the basal ganglia |
| C. | Concentrations in the basal ganglia are abnormally low in Huntington s chorea |
| D. | Metabolism is inhibited by sodium valproate |
| E. | Receptors are sensitive to the activity of benzodiazepines |
| Answer» B. Is found in high concentrations in the basal ganglia | |
| 125. |
All of the following are true regarding penicillins EXCEPT |
| A. | Most penicillins only cross the blood brain barrier when the meninges are inflamed. |
| B. | Penicillins don t require dosage adjustment in renal failure |
| C. | Penicillins inhibit cross linkage of peptidoglycans in the cell wall |
| D. | Piperacillin is a penicillin active against pseudomonas |
| E. | Only about 5 to 10% of people with a past history of penicillin allergy have a reaction on re exposure |
| Answer» C. Penicillins inhibit cross linkage of peptidoglycans in the cell wall | |
| 126. |
Regarding the azole group of antifungals |
| A. | Fluconazole has low water solubility |
| B. | Ketoconazole may be given IV/PO |
| C. | Itraconazole undergoes renal elimination |
| D. | Clotrimazole is the treatment of choice for systemic candidiasis given orally |
| E. | They work by reduction of ergosterol synthesis by inhibition of fungal cytochrome P450 enzymes |
| Answer» F. | |
| 127. |
Regarding antipsychotics as a group |
| A. | Metabolites are important to the action of these drugs |
| B. | Haloperidol has a higher systemic availability than thioridazine or chlorpromazine |
| C. | Elimination half lives of these drugs range between 3 6 hours |
| D. | This group of drugs generally has short clinical duration of action |
| E. | Clozipine is a member of the dihydroindolone group |
| Answer» C. Elimination half lives of these drugs range between 3 6 hours | |
| 128. |
Lithium |
| A. | Has rapid onset of action |
| B. | Is partially renally excreted |
| C. | Has no neurological side effects |
| D. | Has no contraindications to be given in conjunction with NSAIDS |
| E. | Is contraindicated in sick sinus syndrome |
| Answer» F. | |
| 129. |
Which of the following antipsychotics (in excess dose) is responsible for cardiac arrhythmias? |
| A. | Chlorpromazine |
| B. | Clozapine |
| C. | Thioridazine |
| D. | Haloperidol |
| E. | Thiothixene |
| Answer» D. Haloperidol | |
| 130. |
Regarding mechanisms of antiviral drug action |
| A. | blockage of viral uncoating is caused by rifampicin |
| B. | Zidovudine is a protease inhibitor |
| C. | Amantidine blocks viral DNA packaging and assembly |
| D. | Indinavir is a reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
| E. | Acyclovir inhibits viral DNA synthesis |
| Answer» F. | |
| 131. |
Plasma lithium levels (assuming no change in daily lithium dose) may become toxic in the presence of all of the following EXCEPT |
| A. | Pregnancy |
| B. | Use of thiazides |
| C. | Dehydration |
| D. | Use of some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
| E. | Post partum state |
| Answer» B. Use of thiazides | |
| 132. |
Which of the following drugs cause diuresis by the mechanisms indicated? |
| A. | Ethanol by preventing the reabsorption of sodium from renal tubular fluid |
| B. | Digoxin by inhibiting release of ADH |
| C. | Dopamine by inhibiting active transport of chloride over the entire length of the descending limb of the loop of Henle |
| D. | Frusemide by inhibiting carbonic anhydrase |
| E. | Chlorothiazide by inhibiting active sodium transport in the ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
| Answer» F. | |
| 133. |
Which of the following drugs is 99% protein bound in plasma |
| A. | Gentamicin |
| B. | Theophylline |
| C. | Carbamazepine |
| D. | Atenolol |
| E. | Diazepam |
| Answer» F. | |
| 134. |
Which of the following drugs is contraindicated (absolutely) in a patient with porphyria |
| A. | Zolpidem |
| B. | Chloral hydrate |
| C. | Buspirone |
| D. | Phenobarbitone |
| E. | Diazepam |
| Answer» E. Diazepam | |
| 135. |
Which of the following side effects for given drugs is wrong |
| A. | Phenytoin gum hypertrophy |
| B. | Ethosuximide hirsuitism |
| C. | Phenobarbital enzyme induction |
| D. | Carbamazepine ataxia |
| E. | Valproate idiosyncratic hepatic toxicity |
| Answer» C. Phenobarbital enzyme induction | |
| 136. |
Which of the following drugs is potentially dangerous in a single drug overdose |
| A. | Moclobemide |
| B. | Paroxetine |
| C. | Sertraline |
| D. | Trazodone |
| E. | Amoxapine |
| Answer» F. | |
| 137. |
Which drug regimen is suggested for severe community acquired pneumonia initially? |
| A. | benzyl penicillin and gentamicin and erythromycin |
| B. | benzyl penicillin and gentamicin |
| C. | ceftriaxone and gentamicin |
| D. | gentamicin and erythromycin |
| E. | flucloxacillin and gentamicin |
| Answer» B. benzyl penicillin and gentamicin | |