Explore topic-wise MCQs in Biology.

This section includes 135 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Biology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

51.

Diabetes is associated with

A. carbuncles
B. mucormycosis
C. all of the above
Answer» F.
Discussion
52.

Pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is associated with

A. decreased insulin sensitivity
B. abnormal glucokinase activity
C. no antibodies found at diagnosis
D. auto-immune insulitis
E. twin concordance greater than 70 %
Answer» E. twin concordance greater than 70 %
Discussion
53.

The histological appearance of contraction brands in association with acute myocardial infarction indicate

A. previous old myocardial infarctions
B. early aneurysmal formation
C. compensatory responses to decreased myocardial contractility
D. a right ventricular infarct
E. recent reperfusion therapy
Answer» F.
Discussion
54.

Regarding acute tubular necrosis

A. it is associated with hyperkalemia not hypokalemia in recovery
B. non-oliguric has a better recovery
C. it is associated with ischaemic cortical cells
D. 80 % are associated with anuria
Answer» C. it is associated with ischaemic cortical cells
Discussion
55.

The most common cause of pericarditis is

A. SLE
B. drug hypersensitivity
C. trauma
D. post myocardial infarction
E. bacterial
Answer» E. bacterial
Discussion
56.

Regarding pancreatitis

A. the second most common cause is infectious agents
B. trypsin is implicated as an activator of the kinin system
C. the chronic form is usually due to gallstones
D. duct obstruction is not the mechanism in alcoholic pancreatitis
E. elastase is the only pancreatic enzyme that acts to limit pancreatitis
Answer» C. the chronic form is usually due to gallstones
Discussion
57.

Regarding the hepatorenal syndrome

A. it is irreversible
B. one loses the ability to concentrate urine
C. urine has a high sodium concentration
D. the urine is hyperosmolar
E. the favoured theory of it s generation involves increased renal blood
Answer» E. the favoured theory of it s generation involves increased renal blood
Discussion
58.

Regarding metastasis

A. All carcinomas have the ability to metastasise
B. Highly invasive carcinomas rarely metastasise
C. Carcinomas typically spread via lymphatics compared with haematogenous spread
D. Tumour cells develop increased cohesiveness of their cell surface in the formation of cancer cell emboli
E. Cells involved in lymphatic dissemination release degradative enzymes
Answer» F.
Discussion
59.

Regarding giant cell arteritis, which statement is not correct

A. Affects medium arteries
B. Affects small arteries including vertebral
C. Affects small arteries including ophthalmic
D. Has an increased prevalence of HLA-DR4
E. Has no gastrointestinal manifestations
Answer» F.
Discussion
60.

Regarding haemorrhagic infarction of the brain, which of the following is not true

A. it usually results from an embolic event
B. it usually contains multiple petechial haemorrhages which may be confluent
C. the distinction between this and non haemorrhagic infarcts is clinically insignificant
D. the haemorrhages are presumed to be secondary to reperfusion injury
E. the size of it will depend in part upon the collateral blood supply to that area
Answer» D. the haemorrhages are presumed to be secondary to reperfusion injury
Discussion
61.

Regarding peptic ulceration

A. it occurs most commonly in the antrum of the stomach
B. it has a strong genetic influence
C. there is H. pylori infection of the mucosa in 50% of patients with duodenal ulceration
D. it is more frequent in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
E. gastric acid is the only prerequisite for formation of ulcers
Answer» E. gastric acid is the only prerequisite for formation of ulcers
Discussion
62.

Mumps virus is a

A. Adenovirus
B. Herpes virus
C. Paramyxovirus
D. Pox virus
E. Picornavirus
Answer» D. Pox virus
Discussion
63.

In viral hepatitis

A. the majority of cases of acute Hepatitis B infection result in a carrier state, without clinical evidence of disease
B. anti HB s appears in the first week of infection
C. anti HCV IgG does not confer immunity to Hepatitis C
D. the major cause of death from Hepatitis B is hepatocellular carcinoma
E. Hepatitis A virus has an outer surface envelope of protein, lipid and carbohydrate
Answer» D. the major cause of death from Hepatitis B is hepatocellular carcinoma
Discussion
64.

With regards to jaundice

A. Conjugated bilirubin causes kernicterus in adults
B. Unconjugated bilirubin does not colour sclera
C. Unconjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin
D. Unconjugated bilirubin produces bilirubin in urine
E. Conjugated bilirubin is tightly bound to albumin
Answer» D. Unconjugated bilirubin produces bilirubin in urine
Discussion
65.

In apoptosis

A. It involves physiologic and pathologic stimuli
B. Histologically, it involves coagulation necrosis
C. Its DNA breakdown is random and diffuse
D. Its mechanism involves ATP depletion
E. It involves an inflammatory tissue reaction
Answer» B. Histologically, it involves coagulation necrosis
Discussion
66.

The following are primary mediators of type I hypersensitivity reactions except

A. Adenosine
B. Neutrophil chemotactic factor
C. Heparin
D. Platelet activating factor
E. Acid hydrolases
Answer» E. Acid hydrolases
Discussion
67.

Malignant neoplasms

A. Are independent of hormonal influence
B. Are always composed of homogeneous cell lines
C. Arise from differentiated cells by a process of anaplasia
D. Display abnormal nuclei with pale nucleoli
E. Typically grow more rapidly than benign
Answer» F.
Discussion
68.

The virus causing molluscum contagiosum belongs to the following viral family

A. adeno
B. herpes
C. parvo
D. pox
E. picorna
Answer» E. picorna
Discussion
69.

In a healthy individual over the age of 5 years, lymphocytes are mainly found in

A. bone marrow, thymus, spleen
B. liver, thymus, spleen
C. lymph nodes, spleen, thymus
D. bone marrow, spleen, liver
E. liver, spleen, pancreas
Answer» D. bone marrow, spleen, liver
Discussion
70.

Which of the following is malignant

A. Squamous cell papilloma
B. Hydatidiform mole
C. Chondroma
D. Mature teratoma
E. Bronchial carcinoid
Answer» F.
Discussion
71.

A young baby presents with jaundice, dark urine and pale stools. He is most likely to have

A. Physiologic jaundice of the newborn
B. Breast milk jaundice
C. Gilbert s syndrome
D. Biliary atresia
E. None of the above
Answer» E. None of the above
Discussion
72.

Which of the following is true of chronic myeloid leukaemia

A. Most common leukaemia
B. Decreased leukocyte alkaline phosphatase level
C. Usually occurs in patients less than 40 years old
D. Increased WBC count with an abnormal differential
E. Rarely associated with the Philadelphia chromosome
Answer» C. Usually occurs in patients less than 40 years old
Discussion
73.

Which of the following is true concerning rhabdomyolysis

A. It is caused by injury to smooth muscle
B. Its diagnosis depends on the presence of characteristic physical findings
C. The final common pathway of injury involves damage to the sarcolemma
D. Renal failure is due to acute glomerular nephritis
E. Occurs only in trauma
Answer» D. Renal failure is due to acute glomerular nephritis
Discussion
74.

In type 1 diabetes

A. associated organ-specific auto-immune disorders are common
B. a genetic susceptibility is not supported by evidence
C. Finnish children have a 70 fold increase compared with Korean children
D. Influenza and varicella viruses are suspected as initiators of the disease
E. Children who ingest cows milk early in life may have a lower incidence
Answer» D. Influenza and varicella viruses are suspected as initiators of the disease
Discussion
75.

In reversible cell injury, all are true except

A. ATP depletion is responsible for acute cellular swelling
B. Can cause myocardial cells to cease contraction within 60 seconds
C. ATP is generated anaerobically from creatine phosphate
D. Mitochondrial swelling and degranulation of ER are the hallmarks of irreversible cellular damage
E. Is associated with myelin figures
Answer» E. Is associated with myelin figures
Discussion
76.

With regard to apoptosis, which of the following is incorrect

A. it may be regarded as a normal physiological process
B. it is characterised by chromatin condensation
C. it often elicits a strong inflammatory response
D. it is the process by which ovaries atrophy in post menopausal women
E. it is characterised by cell shrinkage
Answer» D. it is the process by which ovaries atrophy in post menopausal women
Discussion
77.

With regard to the acute inflammatory response, which is the most common mechanism of vascular leakage

A. endothelial cell contraction
B. junctional retraction
C. direct injury
D. leukocyte-dependent leakage
E. regenerating endothelium
Answer» B. junctional retraction
Discussion
78.

With regard to natural killer lymphocytes

A. constitute less than 5% of blood lymphocytes
B. require opsonisation to enable their killing of cells
C. have a prime role in defense against parasites
D. require prior sensitisation to be effective
E. have an innate ability to lyse tumour cells and virally affected cells
Answer» F.
Discussion
79.

With regard to B lymphocytes

A. they constitute 50% of circulating lymphocytes
B. they are found in germinal centres in the red pulp of the spleen
C. they are genetically programmed to recognise specific antigens by means of antigen specific cell surface receptors
D. they release chemical mediators when attached to IgE Type I hypersensitivity reactions
E. they are not affected by HIV infection
Answer» D. they release chemical mediators when attached to IgE Type I hypersensitivity reactions
Discussion
80.

A 50-year old woman presents with back pain. X-rays suggest a malignant deposit in the 10th thoracic vertebra. The least likely primary site is

A. breast
B. ovary
C. thyroid
D. kidney
E. colon
Answer» E. colon
Discussion
81.

The most common site of origin of emboli causing cerebrovascular disease is

A. common carotid artery
B. internal carotid artery
C. the heart
D. either end of basilar artery
E. intracranial vessels
Answer» D. either end of basilar artery
Discussion
82.

The factor conferring the most risk in thromboembolic disease is

A. smoking
B. atrial fibrillation
C. oral contraceptives
D. prolonged bed rest
E. late pregnancy / post delivery
Answer» E. late pregnancy / post delivery
Discussion
83.

Most pulmonary emboli

A. cause centrally located pulmonary haemorrhage
B. cause pulmonary infarction
C. cause acute right heart failure
D. are clinically silent
E. lead to pulmonary hypertension
Answer» E. lead to pulmonary hypertension
Discussion
84.

A performed mediator of inflammation is

A. Prostaglandin
B. Histamine
C. Leukotriene
D. Nitric oxide
E. Platelet activating factor
Answer» C. Leukotriene
Discussion
85.

Granulomatous inflammation

A. may sometimes be a component of the acute inflammatory response
B. indicates the presence of tuberculosis
C. consists, in part, of microscopic aggregates of transformed lymphocytes
D. is always associated with the presence of giant cells
E. may result from non-immune mechanisms
Answer» F.
Discussion
86.

In acute inflammation, all of the following are true except

A. there is contraction of endothelial cells
B. there is a mononuclear infiltrate
C. there is induction of adhesion molecules on endothelium
D. there is production of arachidonic acid metabolites
E. cytokines induce a systemic acute phase response
Answer» C. there is induction of adhesion molecules on endothelium
Discussion
87.

With regard to the leukocyte extravasation of the acute inflammatory response, which of the following is incorrect

A. ELAM-1 is a selectin found on endothelium
B. E and P-selectins bind to oligosaccharides found on neutrophils and monocytes
C. L-selectin is found on neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes
D. ICAM-1 belongs to the immunoglobulin family of molecules, and is found on leukocytes
E. VCAM-1 binds to integrins
Answer» E. VCAM-1 binds to integrins
Discussion
88.

The commonest site of a Berry aneurysm in the Circle of Willis is

A. junction of anterior cerebral and anterior communicating arteries
B. junction of middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries
C. bifurcation of the basilar artery
D. the middle cerebral artery
E. junction of the posterior cerebral and posterior communicating arteries
Answer» B. junction of middle cerebral and internal carotid arteries
Discussion
89.

Successful immune response to HIV during the acute phase of infection results from

A. increase in the CD4+ lymphocyte numbers
B. appearance of anti-HIV antibodies
C. Type III hypersensitivity reaction
D. lymphoid tissue based destruction of infected cells
E. development of CD8+ virus specific cytotoxic cells
Answer» F.
Discussion
90.

The most common cause of Traveller s diarrhoea is

A. Rotavirus
B. E.coli
C. Shigella
D. Salmonella
E. Giardia
Answer» C. Shigella
Discussion
91.

Prothrombotic characteristics of endothelium include

A. Plasminogen activator
B. Prostacyclin
C. von Willebrand factor
D. Thrombomodulin
E. Heparin like molecules
Answer» D. Thrombomodulin
Discussion
92.

With regard to aortic dissection, which is incorrect

A. it tends to occur in 40-60 year old men
B. approximately 90% of non-traumatic cases occur in patients with antecedent hypertension
C. it is usually associated with marked dilatation of the aorta
D. it is unusual in the presence of substantial atherosclerosis
E. it is usually caused by an intimal tear within 10cm of the aortic valve
Answer» D. it is unusual in the presence of substantial atherosclerosis
Discussion
93.

Acute compensatory mechanisms in shock include all of the following except

A. Baroreceptor reflexes
B. Reverse stress-relaxation of vascular smooth muscle
C. The effects of increased aldosterone secretion
D. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
E. The central nervous system ischaemic response
Answer» D. Activation of the renin-angiotensin system
Discussion
94.

Iron deficiency anaemia features

A. a normal haematocrit
B. increased serum ferritin
C. normal mean red cell volume
D. low platelet count
E. none of the above
Answer» F.
Discussion
95.

Cellular events in acute inflammation include all of the following except

A. redistribution of preformed adhesion molecules to the cell surface of leukocytes
B. adhesion and transmigration of leukocytes to endothelium
C. leukocyte activation
D. margination of macrophages to vessel walls
E. extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes and products of arachidonic acid metabolism
Answer» E. extracellular release of lysosomal enzymes and products of arachidonic acid metabolism
Discussion
96.

All of the following are neoplastic syndromes associated with lung cancer except

A. Cushing s syndrome
B. syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion
C. hypocalcaemia
D. carcinoid syndrome
E. hypertrophic osteoarthropathy
Answer» D. carcinoid syndrome
Discussion
97.

In acute pancreatitis

A. fat necrosis occurs in other intra-abdominal fatty deposits
B. trauma is the precipitating cause in 30 % of cases
C. alcohol is directly toxic to the Islets of Langerhans
D. Kallikrein converts trypsin to activate the complement system
E. Erythromycin has been implicated in severe cases
Answer» B. trauma is the precipitating cause in 30 % of cases
Discussion
98.

Regarding septic shock

A. Endotoxin is the only cause
B. Marked vasoconstriction occurs in the non-infected tissue
C. Cardiac output is low in 75% of patients
D. Endotoxin entering the circulation causes an effect very similar to anaphylaxis
E. Blood viscosity is unchanged
Answer» E. Blood viscosity is unchanged
Discussion
99.

Shock in burn patients is primarily due to

A. Neurogenic factors
B. Hypovolaemia
C. Acute erythrocyte haemolysis
D. Myocardial depression factor
E. All of the above
Answer» F.
Discussion
100.

Cushing syndrome is associated with

A. osteoporosis
B. general obesity
C. hypotension
Answer» B. general obesity
Discussion