MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 11 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Bioinformatics knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Which of the following is wrong statement about the maximum likelihood method’s steps? |
| A. | It starts with an evolutionary model of sequence change that provides estimates of rates of substitution of one base for another |
| B. | In the beginning there is an evolutionary model of sequence change that provides estimates of transitions and transversions in a set of nucleic acid sequences |
| C. | The rates of all possible substitutions are chosen so that the base composition differs |
| D. | The set of sequences is then aligned |
| Answer» D. The set of sequences is then aligned | |
| 2. |
A_METHOD_OF_SEQUENCE_ALIGNMENT_BASED_ON_A_MODEL_(BISHOP_AND_THOMPSON_1986)_WAS_INTRODUCED_THAT_PREDICTS_THE_MANNER_IN_WHICH_DNA_SEQUENCES_CHANGE_DURING_EVOLUTION._WHICH_OF_THE_FOLLOWING_IS_WRONG_ABOUT_IT??$ |
| A. | This method is different from the Smith-Waterman local alignment algorithm |
| B. | This method is quite similar to the Smith-Waterman local alignment algorithm |
| C. | The underlying mutational theory is like those used to produce the PAM matrices for predicting changes in DNA and protein sequences |
| D. | Sequences are predicted to change by a Markov process such that each mutation in the sequence is independent of previous mutations at that site or at other sites |
| Answer» C. The underlying mutational theory is like those used to produce the PAM matrices for predicting changes in DNA and protein sequences | |
| 3. |
A method of sequence alignment based on a Model (Bishop and Thompson 1986) was introduced that predicts the manner in which DNA sequences change during evolution. Which of the following is wrong about it? |
| A. | The basis of this method is to devise a scheme for introducing substitutions, insertions, and gaps into sequences |
| B. | The basis of this method is to provide a probability that each of these changes occurs over certain periods of evolutionary time |
| C. | Given each of these predicted changes, the method examines all the possible combinations of mutations to change one sequence into another |
| D. | Multiple combinations are selected that will be the most likely over time |
| Answer» E. | |
| 4. |
Once all positions in the sequence alignment have been examined, the likelihoods given by each column in the alignment for each tree are _____ to give the likelihood of the tree. |
| A. | multiplied |
| B. | added |
| C. | divided |
| D. | squared |
| Answer» B. added | |
| 5. |
Which of the following is wrong statement about the maximum likelihood method’s steps?$ |
| A. | It starts with an evolutionary model of sequence change that provides estimates of rates of substitution of one base for another |
| B. | In the beginning there is an evolutionary model of sequence change that provides estimates of transitions and transversions in a set of nucleic acid sequences |
| C. | The rates of all possible substitutions are chosen so that the base composition differs |
| D. | The set of sequences is then aligned |
| Answer» D. The set of sequences is then aligned | |
| 6. |
Which of the following is wrong statement about DNAML and DNAMLK? |
| A. | PHYLIP includes mentioned two programs for this maximum likelihood analysis |
| B. | DNAML estimates phylogenies from nucleotide sequences by the maximum likelihood method |
| C. | DNAMLK estimates phylogenies in the same manner as DNAML |
| D. | DNAMLK estimates phylogenies without molecular clock |
| Answer» E. | |
| 7. |
Maximum likelihood has also been used for an analysis of mutations in overlapping reading frames in viruses. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 8. |
The main disadvantage of maximum likelihood methods is that they are _____ |
| A. | mathematically less folded |
| B. | mathematically less complex |
| C. | computationally lucid |
| D. | computationally intense |
| Answer» E. | |
| 9. |
The maximum likelihood method can be used to explore relationships among more diverse sequences, conditions that are not well handled by maximum parsimony methods. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 10. |
In about the maximum likelihood approach, for each tree, the number of sequence changes or mutations that may have occurred to give the sequence variation is considered. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 11. |
Which of the following is wrong statement about the maximum likelihood approach? |
| A. | This method doesn’t always involve probability calculations |
| B. | It finds a tree that best accounts for the variation in a set of sequences |
| C. | The method is similar to the maximum parsimony method |
| D. | The analysis is performed on each column of a multiple sequence alignment |
| Answer» B. It finds a tree that best accounts for the variation in a set of sequences | |