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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 396 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Uncategorized topics knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 251. |
Hodgkin lymphoma most commonly occurs during which decade of life? |
| A. | Second |
| B. | Third |
| C. | Fourth |
| D. | Fifth |
| Answer» C. Fourth | |
| 252. |
Which of the following lymph node chains is most commonly involved in patients who present with Hodgkin lymphoma? |
| A. | Inguinal |
| B. | Paraaortic |
| C. | Mediastinal |
| D. | Cervical |
| Answer» E. | |
| 253. |
Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin s lymphoma is |
| A. | common in the elderly |
| B. | common in young children |
| C. | more common in industrialized countries |
| D. | more common in females |
| Answer» C. more common in industrialized countries | |
| 254. |
Chromosomal 17 has many genes implicated in molecular criteria of breast cancer including these genes EXCEPT: |
| A. | BRCA-1 |
| B. | HER-2 |
| C. | P53 |
| D. | ATM |
| E. | Answer B and D are correct. |
| Answer» E. Answer B and D are correct. | |
| 255. |
Which of the following statements regarding prognosis in lung cancer is true? |
| A. | Combined modality therapy (chemotherapy, radiation therapy and surgery) has improved overall lung cancer survival to 40% at 5 years. |
| B. | Overall lung cancer survival is < 15% at 5 years. |
| C. | Patients undergoing radiation therapy have a 5 year survival of 40%. |
| D. | Patients who qualify for surgery have a 50% 5 year survival. |
| E. | With chemotherapy, overall survival in small cell (oat cell) carcinomas has risen to 60% at 5 years. |
| Answer» C. Patients undergoing radiation therapy have a 5 year survival of 40%. | |
| 256. |
Predisposes to squamous cell carcinoma: |
| A. | Barrett s esophagus |
| B. | achalasia, esophagus |
| C. | both |
| D. | neither |
| Answer» C. both | |
| 257. |
A 51-year-old woman has had several syncopal episodes over the past year. Each episode is characterized by sudden but brief loss of consciousness. She has no chest pain. She has no ankle edema. On brain MRI there is a 1.5 cm cystic area in the left parietal cortex. A chest X-ray shows no cardiac enlargement, and her lung fields are normal. Her serum total cholesterol is 6.5 mmol/L. Which of the following cardiac lesions is she most likely to have? |
| A. | Cardiac amyloidosis |
| B. | Ischemic cardiomyopathy |
| C. | Left atrial myxoma |
| D. | Mitral valve prolapse |
| E. | Tuberculous pericarditis |
| Answer» D. Mitral valve prolapse | |
| 258. |
A 45-year-old man develops facial swelling and breathlessness. His chest X-ray reveals paratracheal lymphadenopathy. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the superior vena caval obstruction? |
| A. | the most common cause is squamous cell carcinoma |
| B. | treatment of choice is radiotherapy |
| C. | it may be associated with voice hoarseness |
| D. | it is associated with Kussmaul's sign |
| E. | the commonest symptom is stridor |
| Answer» D. it is associated with Kussmaul's sign | |
| 259. |
Cisplatin based chemotherapy. Which anti-emetic is most effective >24 post chemotherapy: |
| A. | Dexamethasone |
| B. | Ondansetron |
| C. | Tetracanniboids |
| D. | Maxolon |
| E. | Stemetil |
| Answer» C. Tetracanniboids | |
| 260. |
Which of the following soft tissue sarcomas is most likely to be found in a patient with neurofibromatosis, type 1? |
| A. | Liposarcoma |
| B. | Fibrosarcoma |
| C. | Leiomyosarcoma |
| D. | Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor |
| Answer» E. | |
| 261. |
Which of the following is less likely to be associated with Gallbladder cancer? |
| A. | Obesity |
| B. | Use of tobacco and alcohol |
| C. | Aflatoxins |
| D. | Past history of enteric fever |
| Answer» D. Past history of enteric fever | |
| 262. |
Regarding familial breast cancer, which of the following statements is true? |
| A. | The majority of cases are also associated with mutations of the p53 gene. |
| B. | mutation of the BRCA1 gene may be associated with an increased risk of both breast and ovarian cancer. |
| C. | chemoprevention with tamoxifen is of proven benefit. |
| D. | most affected families share the same specific mutation of the BRCA1 gene. |
| E. | about 75% of affected family members develop breast cancer before the age of 35 years |
| Answer» C. chemoprevention with tamoxifen is of proven benefit. | |
| 263. |
A 35-year-old man sought advice about the increased risk of cardiac complications following chemotherapy. Eight years previously, he had been successfully treated for Hodgkin s disease with six cycles of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine and dacarbazine, and mediastinal radiotherapy. For how many years from the end of treatment will this increased risk persist? |
| A. | 1 5 |
| B. | 6 10 |
| C. | 11 15 |
| D. | 16 20 |
| E. | >20 |
| Answer» F. | |
| 264. |
A 78-year-old woman with metastatic breast cancer involving the bones and soft tissues who has been taking hormone replacement therapy is evaluated in the emergency department because of lethargy and weakness, nausea, thirst, and dizziness. She is orthostatic and clinically dehydrated. She has a history of congestive heart failure that has been controlled with medications. Laboratory studies: Blood urea nitrogen 42 mg/dL Total serum calcium 11 .4 mg/dL Serum creatinine 1.6 mg/dL Serum albumin 3.0 g/dL What is the most appropriate initial treatment? |
| A. | Slow rehydration with half-normal saline |
| B. | Intravenous administration of a bisphosphonate |
| C. | Vigorous rehydration with normal saline |
| D. | Intravenous administration of furosemide along with saline rehydration |
| E. | Intravenous administration of corticosteroids |
| Answer» D. Intravenous administration of furosemide along with saline rehydration | |
| 265. |
Which of the following is the least likely to be involved in hereditary colon cancer: |
| A. | APC gene |
| B. | DNA repair gene |
| C. | Microsatellites |
| D. | Deletion of a gene |
| E. | Chromosomal translocation |
| Answer» F. | |
| 266. |
Which of the following best describes the incidence of colon cancer with age: |
| A. | Linear increase with age |
| B. | Linear increase with plateau after age 50 |
| C. | Parabolic |
| D. | Exponential rise after age 50 |
| E. | Bimodal distribution with peaks at age 50 and 70 |
| Answer» E. Bimodal distribution with peaks at age 50 and 70 | |
| 267. |
In the colon, which is benign and has no significant tendency to undergo malignant transformation? |
| A. | familial polyposis |
| B. | juvenile polyp |
| C. | villous adenoma |
| D. | carcinoid tumors |
| Answer» C. villous adenoma | |
| 268. |
Patient with metastatic bowel cancer is taking Codeine 30 mg q4h without adequate analgesia. What is the most appropriate therapy? |
| A. | continue Codeine and add Paracetamol 1g qid |
| B. | stop Codeine, start MS Contain l0 mg bd and Paracetamol 1g qid |
| C. | stop Codeine, start MS Contain 20 mg bd and Paracetamol 1g qid |
| D. | stop Codeine, start MS Contain l0 mg bd and Panadeine ii qid |
| E. | nerve block is now indicated |
| Answer» B. stop Codeine, start MS Contain l0 mg bd and Paracetamol 1g qid | |
| 269. |
A 55-year-old man underwent resection of a T2 clear cell renal carcinoma. What is the most likely pathogenesis? |
| A. | activating mutations of the VHL gene |
| B. | MET oncogene activity |
| C. | mutation of p53 |
| D. | up-regulated expression of HIF-controlled genes |
| E. | von Hippel Lindau syndrome |
| Answer» E. von Hippel Lindau syndrome | |
| 270. |
Which of the following statements about squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx is true? |
| A. | Primary tumors more commonly arise from the supraglottic laryngeal structures than from the glottic region. |
| B. | At the time of diagnosis, 50% of tumors have extended beyond the laryngeal structures. |
| C. | Supraglottic tumors are more likely to present with palpable lymphadenopathy than glottic lesions. |
| D. | Subglottic tumors tend to present with early lesions that are easily managed with primary surgical resection. |
| Answer» D. Subglottic tumors tend to present with early lesions that are easily managed with primary surgical resection. | |
| 271. |
What is the most common genetic abnormality associated with low-grade gliomas? |
| A. | 1p |
| B. | 10q |
| C. | 17p |
| D. | 19q |
| Answer» D. 19q | |
| 272. |
A well-lateralized, stage T3N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx has at least a 15% risk of metastasis to the: |
| A. | ipsilateral parotid lymph nodes. |
| B. | ipsilateral submandibular lymph nodes. |
| C. | posterior triangle lymph nodes bilaterally. |
| D. | occipital lymph nodes bilaterally. |
| Answer» D. occipital lymph nodes bilaterally. | |
| 273. |
Which of the following chromosomal translocations is most commonly associated with Burkitt lymphoma? |
| A. | t(8;14) |
| B. | t(9;22) |
| C. | t(11;14) |
| D. | t(14;18) |
| Answer» B. t(9;22) | |
| 274. |
What is the risk of metastasis to the lymph nodes in a patient with stage T2N0 squamous cell carcinoma of the lateral aspect of the oral tongue? |
| A. | There is a greater risk of metastasis to the retropharyngeal nodes than to the mid-jugular nodes. |
| B. | There is a greater risk of metastasis to the superior jugular nodes than to the submandibular nodes. |
| C. | There is a similar risk of metastasis to the retropharyngeal nodes as to the mid- jugular nodes. |
| D. | There is a similar risk of metastasis to the submandibular nodes as to the mid-jugular nodes. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 275. |
Most common site of metastasis in breast cancer is |
| A. | lung |
| B. | liver |
| C. | bone |
| D. | brain |
| Answer» D. brain | |
| 276. |
Regarding retinoblastoma which of the following statements is correct? |
| A. | Bilateral involvement is found in 70% of cases. |
| B. | The predisposition may be inherited as an autosomal dominant condition. |
| C. | There is an increased risk of autoimmune disease. |
| D. | They have often metastasised by the time of diagnosis. |
| E. | They usually present with leukocoria. |
| Answer» F. | |
| 277. |
All are precancerous for carcinoma colon except |
| A. | Crohn's disease |
| B. | Bile acids |
| C. | Fats |
| D. | Carotene |
| Answer» E. | |
| 278. |
33- Which ONE of the following statements regarding colon cancer is correct: |
| A. | In non-familial cases, gene mutations in the cancer cells are unusual |
| B. | In familial cases the inheritance pattern is typically autosomal recessive |
| C. | It occurs most commonly in the ascending colon |
| D. | It is a characteristic feature of the Peutz-Jegher syndrome |
| E. | In familial polyposis coli the increased cancer risk is due to inheritance of a mutated suppressor gene |
| Answer» F. | |
| 279. |
Persistent elevation of serum carcinoembryonic antigen following surgical resection of a carcinoma of the colon suggests: |
| A. | a poorly differentiated neoplasm |
| B. | a second cancer |
| C. | cirrhosis |
| D. | metastases |
| E. | peritonitis |
| Answer» E. peritonitis | |
| 280. |
Regarding breast cancer, all of the following are correct EXCEPT: |
| A. | The incidence increases steadily with age. |
| B. | Approximately 75% of all cases are diagnosed in postmenopausal women. |
| C. | The lifetime risk is 1 of 8 for women living into their 80s. |
| D. | The disease is uncommon in women younger than 40 years of age. |
| E. | It is the most common cancer during pregnancy |
| Answer» F. | |
| 281. |
Which of the following lesions of the colon has the least tendency to undergo malignant transformation? |
| A. | ulcerative colitis |
| B. | juvenile polyp |
| C. | villous adenoma |
| D. | polyp of Gardner s syndrome |
| Answer» C. villous adenoma | |
| 282. |
Which of these genetic risk factors has the highest association with colon cancers |
| A. | Sporadic |
| B. | Past family history of colo rectal cancer |
| C. | Hereditary Nonpolyposis colon cancer (HNPCC) |
| D. | Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) |
| Answer» B. Past family history of colo rectal cancer | |
| 283. |
High dose chemotherapy given prior to stem cell transplant may be associated with gonadal failure. Risk is least with the use of |
| A. | Busulfan + cyclophosphamide |
| B. | Cyclophosphamide + TBI |
| C. | Ifosfamide +carboplatin+ Etoposide |
| D. | Fludarabine + ATG |
| Answer» E. | |
| 284. |
Incidence of Gallbladder cancer is highest in |
| A. | Chile |
| B. | India |
| C. | United Kingdom |
| D. | South Africa |
| Answer» B. India | |
| 285. |
The least likely to be associated with bowel cancer is |
| A. | Ataxia telangiectasia |
| B. | Der-abl gene translocation |
| C. | BRCA-1 |
| D. | BRCA-2 |
| E. | Pcl-2 |
| Answer» C. BRCA-1 | |
| 286. |
Mutations in which gene are least likely to be associated with breast cancer if inherited in the germ-line? |
| A. | ATM (ataxia-telangiectasia) |
| B. | BRCA l |
| C. | BRCA2 |
| D. | Bcl-2 |
| E. | p53 |
| Answer» E. p53 | |
| 287. |
Which of the following diagnostic tests is NOT included in the staging of small cell lung cancer? |
| A. | CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen |
| B. | Brain imaging |
| C. | Bone scan |
| D. | PET scan |
| Answer» E. | |
| 288. |
4- A 64-year-old man is found to have squamous cell bronchogenic carcinoma. Which of the following statements is true regarding surgical resection? |
| A. | An FEV1 of 2 L is a major contraindication to surgical resection. |
| B. | Hypercalcaemia makes further assessment for surgery unnecessary. |
| C. | Is precluded if a CT scan of the thorax shows enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes. |
| D. | Positive sputum cytology excludes the need for bronchoscopic examination of the airways |
| E. | The presence of finger clubbing indicates that liver metastases are already present. |
| Answer» D. Positive sputum cytology excludes the need for bronchoscopic examination of the airways | |
| 289. |
A 3-year-old girl has Wilms tumor with a favorable histology and a positive surgical margin. CT scan of the chest does not reveal any pulmonary nodules. What cancer stage is most appropriate for the patient's condition? |
| A. | Stage I |
| B. | Stage II |
| C. | Stage III |
| D. | Stage IV |
| Answer» D. Stage IV | |
| 290. |
A 75-year-old man with squamous cell carcinoma is thought to have resectable disease. Which of the following would be a contraindication to surgery? |
| A. | clubbing |
| B. | FEV1 of 0.75 L |
| C. | his age of 75 years |
| D. | pleural effusion |
| E. | Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH |
| Answer» C. his age of 75 years | |
| 291. |
Which of the following stages of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is associated with the lowest risk of contralateral cervical lymph node metastases? |
| A. | T2N1 with the primary tumor confined to the tonsillar fossa |
| B. | T1N1 involving the most lateral section of the soft palate |
| C. | T1N1 confined to the glossal-tonsillar sulcus |
| D. | T1N0 involving the lateral aspect of the base of tongue |
| Answer» B. T1N1 involving the most lateral section of the soft palate | |
| 292. |
Which of the following genetic abnormalities is most commonly associated with Ewing sarcoma? |
| A. | t(8;14) |
| B. | t(11;22) |
| C. | 1p/19q gene deletion |
| D. | Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of the retinoblastoma gene |
| Answer» C. 1p/19q gene deletion | |
| 293. |
Carcinoid tumors have a varied malignant potential. The most benign are located in the: |
| A. | stomach |
| B. | small intestine |
| C. | rectum |
| D. | appendix |
| Answer» E. | |
| 294. |
The most benign examples of carcinoid tumor usually are found in the: |
| A. | colon |
| B. | appendix |
| C. | ileum |
| D. | stomach |
| Answer» C. ileum | |
| 295. |
Which of the following regarding salivary gland pleomorphic adenomas is correct? |
| A. | they are the most common salivary gland tumor |
| B. | are commoner in the sub-mandibular than the parotid gland |
| C. | in the parotid gland most commonly arise medial to the facial nerve |
| D. | are more common in males than in females |
| E. | typically enhance following intravenous contrast injection in CT |
| Answer» B. are commoner in the sub-mandibular than the parotid gland | |
| 296. |
Soft tissue sarcoma most commonly arises from what site? |
| A. | Head and neck |
| B. | Retroperitoneum |
| C. | Lower extremity |
| D. | Upper extremity |
| Answer» D. Upper extremity | |
| 297. |
According to the VA Lung Cancer Group's classification, which of the following sites of lymphadenopathy is associated with extensive-stage small cell lung cancer? |
| A. | Ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes |
| B. | Ipsilateral supraclavicular lymph nodes |
| C. | Contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes |
| D. | Contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes |
| Answer» D. Contralateral mediastinal lymph nodes | |
| 298. |
What stage of non-small cell lung cancer is most appropriate for a patient who has a 3-cm mass in the right upper lobe, mediastinal adenopathy, and a 2-cm nodule in the right lower lobe of the lung? |
| A. | Stage IIB |
| B. | Stage IIIA |
| C. | Stage IIIB |
| D. | Stage IV |
| Answer» E. | |
| 299. |
Which of the following factors is most valuable in predicting the biologic behavior of carcinoma of the colon? |
| A. | age of the patient |
| B. | duration of symptoms |
| C. | region of the colon affected |
| D. | diameter of the cancer |
| E. | lymph node metastasis |
| Answer» F. | |
| 300. |
Regarding gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD),all are true except |
| A. | Incomplete moles are more likely to undergo malignant change than the complete moles |
| B. | GTD is almost always completely curable with preservation of fertility |
| C. | Lymphnode involvement is a rare feature of choriocarcinoma |
| D. | GTD usually shows low resistance blood flow |
| E. | It is rare to have other metastasis in the absence of lung metastasis |
| Answer» B. GTD is almost always completely curable with preservation of fertility | |