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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 396 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Uncategorized topics knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 151. |
In a young man testicular malignancy, how does HCG cause gynaecomastia? |
| A. | By stimulating breast directly |
| B. | By increased testosterone |
| C. | By increased oestrogen |
| D. | Action of testicular tumor |
| Answer» D. Action of testicular tumor | |
| 152. |
Which of the following is associated with a GH secreting pituitary tumor |
| A. | Gs alpha subunit mutation |
| B. | Pit-1 mutation |
| C. | H-ras mutation |
| D. | Rb 1 mutation |
| E. | p53 mutation |
| Answer» B. Pit-1 mutation | |
| 153. |
Which malignancy is least amenable to treatment? |
| A. | Adeno Ca of axillary lymph nodes |
| B. | Adeno Ca with sclerotic lesion in bone |
| C. | Adeno Ca in liver |
| D. | Squamous cell Ca in cervical lymph nodes |
| E. | Poorly differentiated Ca in chest midline (?mediastinal lymph nodes) in a young man |
| Answer» C. Adeno Ca in liver | |
| 154. |
Which of the following statements about video-assisted thoracic surgery for patients with lung cancer is FALSE? |
| A. | The postoperative period is shorter. |
| B. | It decreases the risk of intraoperative bleeding. |
| C. | It is a viable alternative to thoracotomy in patients who are frail. |
| D. | Locoregional recurrence is increased. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 155. |
The most likely karyotype for patient with a partial mole would be ? |
| A. | 46, XX |
| B. | 46, XY |
| C. | Diandric triploidy |
| D. | Triploidy with two haploid sets of maternal origin |
| E. | Aneuploidy |
| Answer» D. Triploidy with two haploid sets of maternal origin | |
| 156. |
A woman experiencing a molar pregnancy has an increased risk of which of the following in subsequent gestations ? |
| A. | Stillbirth |
| B. | Prematurity |
| C. | Congenital malformations |
| D. | Recurrent molar gestation |
| E. | Cancer later in life |
| Answer» E. Cancer later in life | |
| 157. |
Which of the following statements about TNM staging for lung cancer is FALSE? |
| A. | Stage N1 involves lymph node stations 10-14. |
| B. | Stage N2 involves the ipsilateral mediastinal lymph nodes. |
| C. | Stage N3 involves the contralateral hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. |
| D. | Stage M1 involves the contralateral supraclavicular lymph nodes. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 158. |
Which of the following statements about staging for non-small cell carcinoma of the lung is true? |
| A. | CT scan provides approximately 95% sensitivity and specificity. |
| B. | Screening tests have reduced the mortality rate for high-risk patients. |
| C. | PET scanning has replaced mediastinoscopy for determining cancer staging. |
| D. | Positive PET scan findings require pathological confirmation. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 159. |
An elderly lady with breast cancer is starting diamorphine elixir for painful bony metastases. Which of the following is the most appropriate comment to make to her caregiver. |
| A. | Sedation is likely to be an ongoing problem with diamorphine |
| B. | If pain relief is not adequate cocaine may need to be introduced |
| C. | A laxative will need to be used |
| D. | Dependence on diamorphine is likely and could cause problems |
| E. | The same dose could be given IM to achieve the same effect. |
| Answer» D. Dependence on diamorphine is likely and could cause problems | |
| 160. |
What is the best method for minimizing bias in a national trial comparing two arms therapy regimens? |
| A. | Randomization |
| B. | Patient stratification |
| C. | Univariate analysis of prognostic factors |
| D. | Multivariate analysis of prognostic factors |
| Answer» B. Patient stratification | |
| 161. |
Which of the following tumor stages is associated with a patient who has vulvar cancer arising on the labia minora with involvement of the lower urethra? |
| A. | T1 |
| B. | T2 |
| C. | T3 |
| D. | T4 |
| Answer» D. T4 | |
| 162. |
Primary carcinoma is least common in: |
| A. | esophagus |
| B. | stomach |
| C. | small intestine |
| D. | colon |
| Answer» D. colon | |
| 163. |
Breast cancer, least likely defect: |
| A. | BRCA1 |
| B. | BRCA2 |
| C. | Bcl-2 |
| D. | ATM |
| E. | p53 |
| Answer» D. ATM | |
| 164. |
Which of the following types of gynecologic cancer has a similar pattern of tumor spread as that associated with fallopian tube cancer? |
| A. | Vulvar |
| B. | Ovarian |
| C. | Endometrial |
| D. | Cervical |
| Answer» C. Endometrial | |
| 165. |
Smoker with carcinoma of the lung. Well until recently. Bronchoscopy shows extrinsic compression of the bronchus. Low serum sodium. Diagnosis: |
| A. | Small cell carcinoma |
| B. | Adenocarcinoma |
| C. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| D. | Large cell carcinoma |
| Answer» B. Adenocarcinoma | |
| 166. |
Which of the following is least to occur as Gallbladder primary? |
| A. | Adenocarcinoma |
| B. | Squamous cell carcinoma |
| C. | Lymphoma |
| D. | Carcinoid tumor |
| Answer» D. Carcinoid tumor | |
| 167. |
In which of the following segments of the gastrointestinal tract is primary carcinoma least common? |
| A. | esophagus |
| B. | stomach |
| C. | small intestine |
| D. | colon |
| E. | mouth |
| Answer» D. colon | |
| 168. |
A 43-year-old man presented with vomiting and 4-kg weight loss. His performance status was 1. He was found to have a pre-pyloric gastric carcinoma gastric outlet obstruction. A CT scan showed no metastases. What is the most appropriate next step? |
| A. | chemo-radiation |
| B. | neoadjuvant chemotherapy |
| C. | palliative bypass |
| D. | radical resection |
| E. | self-expanding stent |
| Answer» E. self-expanding stent | |
| 169. |
Which of the following statement about tumor markers is correct? |
| A. | Carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) is a tumor-specific marker in colorectal cancer. |
| B. | CEA is mainly used for determining prognosis and detecting relapse. |
| C. | Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) cannot be used to screen gestational trophoblastic disease in patients with molar pregnancy. |
| D. | Raised hCG in peri-menopausal and post-menopausal women is always abnormal. |
| E. | Phantom hCG is detected in gestational trophoblastic disease. |
| Answer» C. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) cannot be used to screen gestational trophoblastic disease in patients with molar pregnancy. | |
| 170. |
Radiation-induced cell death in carcinomas typically occurs immediately after attempting to traverse which phase of the cell cycle? |
| A. | G0 |
| B. | G1 |
| C. | G2 |
| D. | M |
| Answer» E. | |
| 171. |
Which type of polyp is most LIKELY in a patient presenting with watery mucoid diarrhea? |
| A. | juvenile polyp |
| B. | adenomatous polyp |
| C. | villous adenoma |
| D. | carcinomatous polyp |
| Answer» D. carcinomatous polyp | |
| 172. |
Changes least likely with familial colonic cancer |
| A. | APC gene mutation |
| B. | DNA repair gene mutation |
| C. | Chromosomal translocation |
| D. | Microsatellite instability |
| E. | Loss of heterozygosity for tumour suppressor genes |
| Answer» D. Microsatellite instability | |
| 173. |
Which of the following cell cycle phases is most radiosensitive? |
| A. | M |
| B. | S |
| C. | G1 |
| D. | G0 |
| Answer» B. S | |
| 174. |
Which best characterizes Peutz-Jeghers polyps? |
| A. | solitary, hamartomatous, not premalignant |
| B. | multiple, hamartomatous, not premalignant |
| C. | solitary, neoplastic, premalignant |
| D. | multiple, neoplastic, not premalignant |
| Answer» C. solitary, neoplastic, premalignant | |
| 175. |
The most likely karyotype of patient with a complete mole would be ? |
| A. | 46, XX |
| B. | 46, XY |
| C. | Diandric triploidy |
| D. | Triploidy with two haploid sets of maternal origin |
| E. | Aneuploidy |
| Answer» B. 46, XY | |
| 176. |
Comparing complete hydatidiform moles gestations, complete hydatidiform mole gestations are more likely than partial moles to demonstrate all of these characteristics except? |
| A. | More likely to require chemotherapy after evacuation for gestational trophablastic disease |
| B. | more likely to present with a uterus large for dates |
| C. | more likely to present with theca lutein cysts |
| D. | more likely to 'have focal rather than diffuse trophoblastic proliferation |
| E. | more likely to have diffuse hydopic swelling of villi |
| Answer» E. more likely to have diffuse hydopic swelling of villi | |
| 177. |
Polyps are generally managed endoscopically. Which of the following is not an indication for resectional surgery |
| A. | Lymphovascular invasion |
| B. | Poor differentiation |
| C. | Flat or ulcerated lesion |
| D. | Lesion in upper 1/3rd of submucosa |
| Answer» E. | |
| 178. |
True about Ulcerative Colitis with malignancy |
| A. | It has a better prognosis |
| B. | Is related to disease activity |
| C. | Is related to duration of ulcerative colitis |
| D. | Malignancy is more in anorectal ulcerative colitis |
| E. | All of above |
| Answer» D. Malignancy is more in anorectal ulcerative colitis | |
| 179. |
Familial breast cancer is characterized by |
| A. | Account for about 20% of all breast cancer |
| B. | A BRCA1 mutation is the most common genetic changes. |
| C. | Associated cancers tend to be more aggressive, of a higher grade, and hormone receptor negative. |
| D. | Follow the same rules of screening as non-familial breast cancer. |
| E. | All of above. |
| Answer» D. Follow the same rules of screening as non-familial breast cancer. | |
| 180. |
Familial polyposis coli |
| A. | is inherited as autosomal recessive |
| B. | is more common in male |
| C. | cancer develops after the age of 50 in untreated patients |
| D. | polyps develop throughout the colon and rectum early in the second decade of life |
| E. | the responsible gene is on the long arm of chromosome 6 |
| Answer» E. the responsible gene is on the long arm of chromosome 6 | |
| 181. |
Which of the following FIGO stages is associated with a patient who has endometrial cancer with extension through the entire myometrium and involvement of the surface of the uterine serosa? |
| A. | IC |
| B. | IIB |
| C. | IIIA |
| D. | IIIC |
| Answer» D. IIIC | |
| 182. |
The genetic defect in hereditary non-polyposis coli lies in: |
| A. | APC gene |
| B. | DCC gene |
| C. | DNA repair defect |
| D. | proto-oncogene |
| E. | P53 gene |
| Answer» D. proto-oncogene | |
| 183. |
What is the best prognostic indicator of post op survival for Ca Breast? |
| A. | Tumour size |
| B. | Lymph node involvement |
| C. | HER 2 +ve |
| D. | Tumour grade/ stage |
| E. | Age |
| Answer» E. Age | |
| 184. |
Bilateral ovarian metastases presenting as tumor masses are most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the: |
| A. | esophagus |
| B. | stomach |
| C. | small intestine |
| D. | appendix |
| E. | colon |
| Answer» C. small intestine | |
| 185. |
Which of the following lymph nodes is NOT commonly associated with prostate cancer metastases? |
| A. | Inguinal |
| B. | External iliac |
| C. | Presacral |
| D. | Obturator |
| Answer» B. External iliac | |
| 186. |
In a case of Dysgerminoma of ovary tumor markers is likely to be raised.one of the following |
| A. | Serum HCG |
| B. | Serum alphafetoprotein |
| C. | Serum lactate dehydrogenase |
| D. | Serum inhibin |
| Answer» D. Serum inhibin | |
| 187. |
Diffuse intramural spread with extensive fibroblastic thickening is a morphologic pattern most characteristically associated with carcinoma of the |
| A. | esophagus |
| B. | stomach |
| C. | small intestine |
| D. | appendix |
| E. | colon |
| Answer» C. small intestine | |
| 188. |
During evaluation of tumor biopsy specimens, which of the following markers can be used as a histochemical indicator of cell proliferation? |
| A. | Ki-67 |
| B. | TP53 |
| C. | c-myc |
| D. | Nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio |
| Answer» B. TP53 | |
| 189. |
Risk of Malignancy in Adenomatous polyp is related to all except |
| A. | Size |
| B. | Number |
| C. | Histological appearance |
| D. | Dysplasia |
| Answer» C. Histological appearance | |
| 190. |
A 52-year-old woman who is a nonsmoker has a 3-cm right inguinal lymph node.Biopsy specimen shows a poorly differentiated malignancy that is difficult to characterize by light microscopy. The biopsy specimen is negative for leukocyte common antigen, cytokeratin, and estrogen receptors. Which of the following additional tests would best establish the source of this tumor? |
| A. | Bone scan |
| B. | Measurement of serum carcinoembryonic antigen |
| C. | Stain for S-100 |
| D. | Measurement of serum CA 19-9 |
| Answer» D. Measurement of serum CA 19-9 | |
| 191. |
Which of the following cell cycle phase transitions is most affected when the TP53 gene is lost or mutated? |
| A. | G G01 |
| B. | G S1 |
| C. | G2 M |
| D. | S G2 |
| Answer» C. G2 M | |
| 192. |
During gene therapy, genes are most commonly transferred into cells by: |
| A. | viral vectors. |
| B. | bacterial plasmids. |
| C. | synthetic oligonucleotide primers. |
| D. | small-interfering RNA (siRNA). |
| Answer» B. bacterial plasmids. | |
| 193. |
What is the significance of intestinal metaplasia in the stomach or colon? |
| A. | It has no significance. |
| B. | It is frequently associated with mildly precancerous inflammatory disease. |
| C. | It is highly precancerous. |
| D. | It is usually associated with heterotopic pancreas. |
| Answer» C. It is highly precancerous. | |
| 194. |
All of the following can occur in germ line leading to breast cancer except which one: |
| A. | BRCA1 |
| B. | BRCA2 |
| C. | Bcl-2 |
| D. | p53 |
| E. | Ataxia telangiectasia gene |
| Answer» D. p53 | |
| 195. |
A patient with a complete mole is found to have sizeable ovarian cysts that are presumed to be theca lutein cysts. All of the following are true about theca lutein cysts EXCEPT? |
| A. | Such cysts arise more frequently in patients with complete moles |
| B. | Theca lutein cysts are more likely seen in patients with very high hCG levels |
| C. | Cysts are filled with serious or serosanguinous fluid and are usually bilateral |
| D. | Often require active management with surgical intervention |
| E. | Patients with large theca lutein cysts may be at increased risk for postmolar persistence of disease |
| Answer» E. Patients with large theca lutein cysts may be at increased risk for postmolar persistence of disease | |
| 196. |
A 64-year-old man has terminal cancer with hepatic metastases. He is treated with oral morphine (Oramorph) solution for pain relief.Which is the most important pharmacodynamic factor in determining the appropriate timing between doses? |
| A. | bioavailability |
| B. | first pass metabolism |
| C. | gastric emptying |
| D. | plasma half-life |
| E. | renal clearance |
| Answer» C. gastric emptying | |
| 197. |
Which of the following is not true for malignancy of Familial Adenomatous Polyposis |
| A. | Adrenals |
| B. | Thyroid |
| C. | Astrocytomas |
| D. | Hepatoblastomas |
| Answer» D. Hepatoblastomas | |
| 198. |
Which of the following FIGO stages is associated with a patient who has endometrial cancer with extension to the cervical stroma? |
| A. | IC |
| B. | IIA |
| C. | IIB |
| D. | IIIA |
| Answer» D. IIIA | |
| 199. |
After total proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomoses what is the most common cause of death in patients with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP) |
| A. | Gastric cancer |
| B. | Periampullary carcinoma |
| C. | Genito urinary cancers |
| D. | Recurrence of colorectal cancer |
| Answer» C. Genito urinary cancers | |
| 200. |
A 22-year-old man with Hodgkin disease has adenopathy of the right cervical and right supraclavicular regions and weight loss of >10% of his baseline body weight. Which of the following cancer stages is most likely to be associated with this patient's condition? |
| A. | Stage IA |
| B. | Stage IB |
| C. | Stage IIA |
| D. | Stage IIB |
| Answer» C. Stage IIA | |