MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 20 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Bioinformatics knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
In Jukes–Cantor Model to correct evolutionary distances, A formula for deriving evolutionary distances that include hidden changes is introduced by using a logarithmic function. It is ____ |
| A. | dAB = −(3/4) log[1 − (4/7)pAB] |
| B. | dAB = −(3/4) ln[1 − (5/3)pAB] |
| C. | dAB = −(3/4) log[1 − (4/3)pAB] |
| D. | dAB = −(3/4) ln[1 − (4/3)pAB] |
| Answer» E. | |
| 2. |
DNA sequences are sometimes more biased than protein sequences because of preferential codon usage in different organisms. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 3. |
Protein sequences can remain the same while the corresponding DNA sequences have more room for variation. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 4. |
In many cases ______ sequences are preferable to ______ sequences because they are relatively ____ conserved. |
| A. | protein, nucleotide, less |
| B. | nucleotide, protein, less |
| C. | protein, nucleotide, more |
| D. | nucleotide, protein, more |
| Answer» D. nucleotide, protein, more | |
| 5. |
For studying the evolution of ________ divergent groups of organisms, one may choose either ______ nucleotide sequences, such as ribosomal RNA or protein sequences. |
| A. | less widely, slowly evolving |
| B. | more widely, slowly evolving |
| C. | more widely, rapidly evolving |
| D. | less widely, rapidly evolving |
| Answer» C. more widely, rapidly evolving | |
| 6. |
For unrooted trees, the number of unrooted tree topologies (NU) is ________ |
| A. | NU = (2n− 5)!/2n−3(n− 5)! |
| B. | NU = (2n− 5)!/2n−3(n− 3)! |
| C. | NU = (2n− 5)!/2−2(n− 3)! |
| D. | NU = (2n− 5)!/2n(n− 3)! |
| Answer» C. NU = (2n− 5)!/2−2(n− 3)! | |
| 7. |
The number of rooted trees (NR) for n taxa is ______ |
| A. | NR = (2n− 3)!/2n+2 (n− 2)! |
| B. | NR = (2n− 3)!/2n (n− 2)! |
| C. | NR = (2n− 3)!/2n−2 (n− 5)! |
| D. | NR = (2n− 3)!/2n−2 (n− 2)! |
| Answer» E. | |
| 8. |
Which of the following is an incorrect statement about Newick Format? |
| A. | It was designed to provide information of tree topology to computer programs without having to draw the tree itself |
| B. | In this format, trees are represented by taxa excluded in nested parentheses |
| C. | In this linear representation, each internal node is represented by a pair of parentheses |
| D. | For a tree with scaled branch lengths, the branch lengths in arbitrary units are placed immediately after the name of the taxon separated by a colon |
| Answer» C. In this linear representation, each internal node is represented by a pair of parentheses | |
| 9. |
PROTEIN_SEQUENCES_CAN_REMAIN_THE_SAME_WHILE_THE_CORRESPONDING_DNA_SEQUENCES_HAVE_MORE_ROOM_FOR_VARIATION.?$ |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 10. |
In Jukes–Cantor Model to correct evolutionary distances, A formula for deriving evolutionary distances that include hidden changes is introduced by using a logarithmic function. It is ____$# |
| A. | d<sub>AB</sub> = ‚àí(3/4) log[1 ‚àí (4/7)p<sub>AB</sub>]. |
| B. | d<sub>AB</sub> = ‚àí(3/4) ln[1 ‚àí (5/3)p<sub>AB</sub>]. |
| C. | d<sub>AB</sub> = ‚àí(3/4) log[1 ‚àí (4/3)<sub>pAB</sub>]. |
| D. | d<sub>AB</sub> = ‚àí(3/4) ln[1 ‚àí (4/3)<sub>pAB</sub>]. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 11. |
DNA sequences are sometimes more biased than protein sequences because of preferential codon usage in different organisms.$ |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 12. |
In many cases, ______ sequences are preferable to ______ sequences because they are relatively ____ conserved? |
| A. | protein, nucleotide, less |
| B. | nucleotide, protein, less |
| C. | protein, nucleotide, more |
| D. | nucleotide, protein, more |
| Answer» D. nucleotide, protein, more | |
| 13. |
For studying the evolution of ________ divergent groups of organisms, one may choose either ______ nucleotide sequences, such as ribosomal RNA or protein sequences? |
| A. | less widely, slowly evolving |
| B. | more widely, slowly evolving |
| C. | more widely, rapidly evolving |
| D. | less widely, rapidly evolving |
| Answer» C. more widely, rapidly evolving | |
| 14. |
Which of the following is incorrect statement about Molecular Markers? |
| A. | For studying very closely related organisms, protein sequences are preferred |
| B. | The decision to use nucleotide or protein sequences depends on the purposes of the study |
| C. | For constructing molecular phylogenetic trees, one can use either nucleotide or protein sequence data |
| D. | The decision to use nucleotide or protein sequences depends on the properties of the sequences |
| Answer» B. The decision to use nucleotide or protein sequences depends on the purposes of the study | |
| 15. |
It can be computationally very demanding to find a true phylogenetic tree when the number of sequences is large. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 16. |
For unrooted trees, the number of unrooted tree topologies (NU) is ________ |
| A. | N<sub>U</sub> = (2n‚àí 5)!/2<sup>n‚àí3</sup>(n‚àí 5)! |
| B. | N<sub>U</sub> = (2n‚àí 5)!/2<sup>n‚àí3</sup>(n‚àí 3)! |
| C. | N<sub>U</sub> = (2n‚àí 5)!/2<sup>‚àí2</sup>(n‚àí 3)! |
| D. | N<sub>U</sub> = (2n‚àí 5)!/2<sup>n</sup>(n‚àí 3)! |
| Answer» C. N<sub>U</sub> = (2n‚Äö√Ñ√∂‚àö‚Ć‚àö‚↠5)!/2<sup>‚Äö√Ñ√∂‚àö‚Ć‚àö‚â†2</sup>(n‚Äö√Ñ√∂‚àö‚Ć‚àö‚↠3)! | |
| 17. |
The number of rooted trees (NR) for n taxa is ______ |
| A. | N<sub>R</sub> = (2n‚àí 3)! /2<sup>n+2</sup> (n‚àí 2)! |
| B. | N<sub>R</sub> = (2n‚àí 3)! /2<sup>n</sup> (n‚àí 2)! |
| C. | N<sub>R</sub> = (2n‚àí 3)! /2<sup>n‚àí2</sup> (n‚àí 5)! |
| D. | N<sub>R</sub> = (2n‚àí 3)! /2<sup>n‚àí2</sup> (n‚àí 2)! |
| Answer» E. | |
| 18. |
Sometimes a tree-building method may result in several equally optimal trees. A consensus tree can be built by showing the commonly resolved bifurcating portions and collapsing the ones that disagree among the trees, which results in a polytomy. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» B. False | |
| 19. |
Which of the following is incorrect statement about Newick Format? |
| A. | It was designed to provide information of tree topology to computer programs without having to draw the tree itself |
| B. | In this format, trees are represented by taxa excluded in nested parentheses |
| C. | In this linear representation, each internal node is represented by a pair of parentheses |
| D. | For a tree with scaled branch lengths, the branch lengths in arbitrary units are placed immediately after the name of the taxon separated by a colon |
| Answer» C. In this linear representation, each internal node is represented by a pair of parentheses | |
| 20. |
Which of the following is incorrect statement? |
| A. | In a phylogram, the branch lengths represent the amount of evolutionary divergence |
| B. | Trees like cladogram are said to be scaled |
| C. | The scaled trees have the advantage of showing both the evolutionary relationships and information about the relative divergence time of the branches |
| D. | In a cladogram, the external taxa line up neatly in a row or column |
| Answer» C. The scaled trees have the advantage of showing both the evolutionary relationships and information about the relative divergence time of the branches | |