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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 1185 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your UPSC IAS Exam knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1101. |
Biodiversity forms the basis for human existence in the following ways: 1. Soil formation 2. Prevention of soil erosion 3. Recycling of waste 4. Pollination of crops Select the correct answer using the codes given below: |
| A. | 1, 2 and 3 only |
| B. | 2, 3 and 4 only 1 and 4 only |
| C. | 1, 2, 3 and 4 |
| Answer» D. | |
| 1102. |
Which of the following regions of India have been designated as biodiversity hotspots? Select the correct answer from the codes given below: 1. Eastern Himalaya 2. Eastern Ghat 3. Western Ghat 4. Western Himalaya Codes: |
| A. | 1 and 2 only |
| B. | 1 and 3 only |
| C. | 2 and 4 only |
| D. | 3 and 4 only |
| Answer» C. 2 and 4 only | |
| 1103. |
Amazon rain forest, called the 'Lungs of the planet', contribute following percentage of oxygen by photosynthesis, to earth atmosphere |
| A. | 20% |
| B. | 35% |
| C. | 42% |
| D. | 50% |
| Answer» B. 35% | |
| 1104. |
The greatest loss of biodiversity in the last two centuries has resulted from: |
| A. | the introduction of alien species to new ecosystems. |
| B. | the use of fossil fuels to power transportation and electrical production. |
| C. | the physical alteration of habitats. |
| D. | the use of rivers, lakes, and oceans for transportation. |
| Answer» D. the use of rivers, lakes, and oceans for transportation. | |
| 1105. |
Conservation of flora and fauna in its natural habitat is : |
| A. | In-situ conservation |
| B. | Ex-situ conservation |
| C. | In vivo conservation |
| D. | In vitro conservation |
| Answer» B. Ex-situ conservation | |
| 1106. |
The 'Increased diversity contributes to higher productivity' was the idea of |
| A. | Robert May |
| B. | David Tilman |
| C. | Edward Wilson |
| D. | A V Humboldt |
| Answer» C. Edward Wilson | |
| 1107. |
If S is species richness, A is area, Z is slope of the line, and the C is Y-intercept, then the species richness will be shown |
| A. | \[S=C+{{A}^{z}}\] |
| B. | \[S=C+AZ\] |
| C. | \[S=C.AZ\] |
| D. | \[S=C.{{A}^{z}}\] |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1108. |
Following number of terrestrial Hot Spots for conservation of biodiversity have been identified worldwide |
| A. | 9 |
| B. | 15 |
| C. | 25 |
| D. | 40 |
| Answer» D. 40 | |
| 1109. |
The following is not the major threat category of wild life |
| A. | Critically endangered |
| B. | Vulnerable |
| C. | Endangered |
| D. | Extinct in the wild |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1110. |
In the Lower Himalayan Mountains, several species of salamander, an amphibian, live in or near a stream. The largest species lives in the stream and along its edges, a smaller species lives on land within a meter or two of the stream, and a smaller species lives about 3-5 meters away from the stream. In this region, these three salamander species are using |
| A. | different niches within the same habitat |
| B. | the same niche and microhabitat |
| C. | the same landscape but different ecosystems |
| D. | the same habitat but different niches |
| Answer» B. the same niche and microhabitat | |
| 1111. |
Which of the following National Parks is unique in being a swamp with floating vegetation that supports a rich biodiversity? [IAS Prelims 2015] |
| A. | Bhitarkanika National Park |
| B. | Keibul Lamjao National Park |
| C. | Keoladeo Ghana National Park |
| D. | Sultanpur National Park |
| Answer» C. Keoladeo Ghana National Park | |
| 1112. |
In India, in which one of the following types of forests is teak a dominant tree species? [IAS Prelims 2015] |
| A. | Tropical moist deciduous forest |
| B. | Tropical rain forest |
| C. | Tropical thorn scrub forest |
| D. | Temperate forest with grasslands |
| Answer» B. Tropical rain forest | |
| 1113. |
Which of the following is a native of Rajasthan and Gujarat and is presently an endangered animal |
| A. | Wild Ass |
| B. | Rhinoceros |
| C. | Great Indian Bustard |
| D. | Black buck (Antelope) |
| Answer» D. Black buck (Antelope) | |
| 1114. |
Consider the following statements: 1. The boundaries of a National Park are defined by legislation. 2. A Biosphere Reserve is declared to conserve a few specific species of flora and fauna. 3. In a Wildlife Sanctuary, limited biotic interference is permitted. Which of the statements given above is / correct? |
| A. | 1 only |
| B. | 2 and 3 |
| C. | 1 and 3 |
| D. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| Answer» D. 1, 2 and 3 | |
| 1115. |
A recent report states that West Bengal has the highest number of arsenic-affected people in the country. Consider the following statements regarding the arsenic level in drinking water in India. I. The who's guideline for drinking water quality has given a permissible limit of arsenic in ground water to be about 0.01mg per litre. II. In India, the permissible limit of arsenic, in drinking water has been increased from .01mg per litre to .05mg per litre. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? |
| A. | Only I |
| B. | Only II |
| C. | Both I and II |
| D. | Neither I nor n |
| Answer» B. Only II | |
| 1116. |
With reference to the Agreement at the UNFCCC Meeting in Paris in 2015, which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. The Agreement was signed by all the member countries of the UN and it will go into effect in 2017. 2. The Agreement aims to limit the greenhouse gas emissions so that the rise in average global temperature by the end of this century does not exceed \[2{}^\circ C\] or even \[1.5{}^\circ C\] above pre-industrial levels. 3. Developed countries acknowledged their historical responsibility in global warming and committed to donate $ 1000 billion a year from 2020 to help developing countries to cope with I climate change. Select the correct answer using the code given below. |
| A. | 1 and 3 only |
| B. | 2 only |
| C. | 2 and 3 only |
| D. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| Answer» C. 2 and 3 only | |
| 1117. |
Consider the following statements 1. Jim Corbett National Park is the oldest national park of India. 2. It was one of the nine tiger reserves created at the launch of the Project Tiger in 1973. 3. Initially it was named as 'Hailey National Park'. Which of the statements given above are correct? |
| A. | 1 and 2 |
| B. | All of these |
| C. | 2 and 3 |
| D. | 1 and 3 |
| Answer» C. 2 and 3 | |
| 1118. |
Directions (Q. 33 to 38): Match List-I with List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given below the lists. List-I List II A. Biodiversity 1. Tansley B. Wildlife 2. E.O. Wilson C. Ecosystem 3. E. Haeckel D. Ecology 4. W.T. Hornaday Codes: |
| A. | A-2 B-4 C-3 D-1 |
| B. | A-2 B-4 C-1 D-3 |
| C. | A-4 B-2 C-3 D-1 |
| D. | A-4 B-2 C-1 D-3 |
| Answer» C. A-4 B-2 C-3 D-1 | |
| 1119. |
The number of plant species recorded from India, is |
| A. | 30,000 |
| B. | 45,000 |
| C. | 70,000 |
| D. | 90,000 |
| Answer» C. 70,000 | |
| 1120. |
India's share in global species diversity is around |
| A. | 8% |
| B. | 14% |
| C. | 17% |
| D. | 2.4% |
| Answer» B. 14% | |
| 1121. |
Following arrangement is correct from the point of view of decreasing biodiversity in angiosperms (N), fungi (F), pteridophytes (P) and algae |
| A. | N > F > P > A |
| B. | N > F > A > P |
| C. | F > N > P > A |
| D. | F > N > A > P |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1122. |
Diversity between two communities is called |
| A. | Alpha diversity |
| B. | Beta diversity |
| C. | Gamma diversity |
| D. | None of above |
| Answer» C. Gamma diversity | |
| 1123. |
Which group of the vertebrates comprises the highest number of endangered species? |
| A. | Birds |
| B. | Mammals |
| C. | Fishes |
| D. | Reptiles |
| Answer» C. Fishes | |
| 1124. |
Find the wrongly matched pair: |
| A. | Endemism- Species confined to a region and not found anywhere else |
| B. | Hot spots- Western Ghats |
| C. | Sacred groves-Jaintia Hills of Rajasthan |
| D. | Ex situ conservation- Zoological park |
| Answer» D. Ex situ conservation- Zoological park | |
| 1125. |
The Indian Rhinoceros is a natural inhabitant of which one the Indian states? |
| A. | Uttarakhand |
| B. | Uttar Pradesh |
| C. | Himachal Pradesh |
| D. | Assam |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1126. |
The 'Earth summit' for biodiversity was held in |
| A. | China |
| B. | Brazil |
| C. | Germany |
| D. | S. Africa |
| Answer» C. Germany | |
| 1127. |
The following is not the approach for in situ conservation |
| A. | Biosphere reserve |
| B. | Sanctuary |
| C. | Wild life safari park |
| D. | Sacred grove |
| Answer» D. Sacred grove | |
| 1128. |
Compared to forests using sustainable forest management, commercial forests managed for maximum sustainable yield of commercially valuable species will |
| A. | support more biological diversity. |
| B. | be more resistant to pests. |
| C. | produce a greater variety of wood. |
| D. | have greater erosion problems. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1129. |
For which one of the following is Sualkuchi famous? |
| A. | Bird sanctuary |
| B. | Temple city |
| C. | Silk centre |
| D. | Hill station |
| Answer» D. Hill station | |
| 1130. |
Which one of the following is the correct sequence of the given tiger reserves of India from North to South? |
| A. | Dudwa-Kanha-Indravati-Bandipur |
| B. | Kanha-Bandipur-Dudwa-Indravati |
| C. | Indravati-Kanha-Dudwa-Bandipur |
| D. | Dudwa-Kanha-Bandipur-Indravati |
| Answer» B. Kanha-Bandipur-Dudwa-Indravati | |
| 1131. |
Consider the following pairs Protected area Well-known for 1. Bhiterkanika, Odisha Salt Water Crocodile 2. Desert National Park, Great Indian Bustard Rajasthan 3. Eravikulam, Kerala Hoolak Gibbon Which of the pairs given above is / are correctly matched? |
| A. | 1 only |
| B. | 1 and 2 |
| C. | 2 only |
| D. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| Answer» B. 1 and 2 | |
| 1132. |
Recently, our scientists have discovered a new and distinct species of banana plant which attains a height of about 11 metres and has orange coloured fruit pulp. In which part of India has it been discovered? [IAS Prelims 2016] |
| A. | Andaman Islands |
| B. | Anaimalai Forests |
| C. | Maikala Hills |
| D. | Tropical rain forests of northeast |
| Answer» B. Anaimalai Forests | |
| 1133. |
Hope Island in Andhra Pradesh is a major concern. In this context consider the following statements: I. Olive Ridleys turtles are recognized as Vulnerable by the IUCN Red list. II. In India, it is protected under the Wildlife (Protection) Act. III. Hope Island in Andhra Pradesh has become graveyard for Olive Ridley?s turtles Select the correct answer from the following codes: |
| A. | Only III |
| B. | Only I |
| C. | All of the above |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 1134. |
Recently Seemai Karuvelam (prosopis juliflora) trees are in news. In this context consider the following statements: I. The Madurai bench of the Madras High Court has ordered Tamil Nadu government to enact a law with prohibitory and penal clauses to eradicate Seemai Karuvelam. II. Seemai Karuvelam tree species are native to West Africa. It was brought to Tamil Nadu in 1960s as medicinal plants. III. It is an invasive species of tree harmful to the environment as it sucks lot of water ultimately affect the environment and agricultural activities. Select the correct answer from the following codes: |
| A. | Only III |
| B. | Only II & III |
| C. | Only I & III |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 1135. |
Endemic species are: |
| A. | secure groups that show the least risk of extinction. |
| B. | limited to just one habitat. |
| C. | widely distributed, found especially on large continents. |
| D. | usually the dominant species within an ecosystem. |
| Answer» C. widely distributed, found especially on large continents. | |
| 1136. |
Biodiversity is important because: |
| A. | it is necessary to maintain ecosystems. |
| B. | humans can use new sources of food. |
| C. | without certain species, photosynthesis may not be possible. |
| D. | certain species are necessary to provide oxygen in the atmosphere. |
| Answer» B. humans can use new sources of food. | |
| 1137. |
A keystone species |
| A. | has a disproportionately large impact on an ecosystem. |
| B. | typically reduces overall diversity of an ecosystem. |
| C. | is typically an herbivore. |
| D. | is an example of Amensalism Extinction of a |
| Answer» B. typically reduces overall diversity of an ecosystem. | |
| 1138. |
Extinction of a weaker species by and aggressive alien species is the results of |
| A. | Endemism of weaker species |
| B. | Habitat loss |
| C. | The Domino Effect |
| D. | All of the above. |
| Answer» B. Habitat loss | |
| 1139. |
Consider the following sanctuaries of India 1. Periyar 2. Dachigam 3. Sariska 4. Kanha Which one among the following is the correct sequence of location of the above sanctuaries from South to North? |
| A. | 1, 4, 2, 3 |
| B. | 4, 1, 3, 2 |
| C. | 1, 4, 3, 2 |
| D. | 3, 1, 4, 2 |
| Answer» D. 3, 1, 4, 2 | |
| 1140. |
Recently Seemai Karuvelam (prosopis juliflora) trees are in news. In this context consider the following statements: I. The Madurai bench of the Madras High Court has ordered Tamil Nadu government to enact a law with prohibitory and penal clauses to eradicate Seemai Karuvelam. II. Seemai Karuvelam tree species are native to West Africa. It was brought to Tamil Nadu in 1960s as medicinal plants. III. It is an invasive species of tree harmful to the environment as it sucks lot of water ultimately affect the environment and agricultural activities. Select the correct answer from the following codes: |
| A. | Only III |
| B. | Only II & III |
| C. | Only I & III |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |
| 1141. |
Recently Wildlife Crime Control Bureau (WCCB)? is in news for fight against wild life crime. In this context consider the following statements: I. Operation Thunderbird is code-name of INTERPOL?s multi-national and multi-species enforcement operation for wildlife protection. II. Operation Save Kurma was species specific operation on turtles. III. WCCB was established in June 2007 by amending the Wildlife (Protection) Act (WLPA), 1973, a special Act to protect the wildlife and fauna in the country. Select the correct answer from the following codes: |
| A. | Only I & II |
| B. | Only I, II & III |
| C. | Only III |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. Only I, II & III | |
| 1142. |
Recently the Southern Bench of the National Green Tribunal (NGT) suspended the Environmental Clearance (EC) granted to the India-based Neutrino Observatory (INO). In this context consider the following statements: I. The proposed underground laboratory will be studying the properties of the neutrino, which would be accompanied by research regarding black matter and double beta decay. II. It would be modelled after the existing neutrino in Japan, Italy and Canada. III. NGT suspended the EC because the INO project was just 4.5 km away from Mathikettan Shola National Park in Idukki district (Kerala) and one kilometer from Kerala-Tamil Nadu border. Select the correct answer from the following codes: |
| A. | Only I & III |
| B. | Only III |
| C. | Only II & III |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1143. |
Consider the following about Green Climate Fund (GCF). 1. It was established under United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). 2. It is aimed at achieving the goal set out by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). 3. It is a mechanism to redistribute money from the developed to the developing world. Choose the correct answer using the codes below. Codes: |
| A. | 1 and 2 only |
| B. | 2 and 3 only |
| C. | 1 and 3 only |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» C. 1 and 3 only | |
| 1144. |
Which of the following statements regarding 'Green Climate Fund' is/are correct? 1. It is intended to assist the developing countries in adaptation and mitigation practices to counter climate change. 2. It is founded under the aegis of UNEP, OECD, Asian Development Bank and World Bank Select the correct answer using the code given below. Codes: |
| A. | 1 only |
| B. | 2 only |
| C. | Both 1 and 2 |
| D. | Neither 1 nor 2 |
| Answer» B. 2 only | |
| 1145. |
Which of the following International Conventions (India being a signatory) have a bearing on conservation of wildlife in India? 1. International Whaling Commission (IWC) 2. Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of wild fauna and flora (CITES) 3. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization-World Heritage Convention (UNESCO-WHC) 4. Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) 5. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) Choose the correct answer using the codes below: Codes: |
| A. | 1, 2 and 3 only |
| B. | 3, 4 and 5 only |
| C. | 2 only |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 1146. |
Consider the following statements: 1. 201 I?COP was held in South Africa 2. It was COP's 17th meet and mop's 8th meet. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? |
| A. | Only 1 |
| B. | Only 2 |
| C. | Both 1 & 2 |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» B. Only 2 | |
| 1147. |
With reference to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) and the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), which of the following statements is/are correct? 1. IUCN is an organ of the United Nations and CITES is an international agreement between governments 2. IUCN runs thousands of field projects around the world to better manage natural environments. 3. CITES is legally binding on the States that have joined it, but this Convention does not take the place of national laws. Select the correct answer using the code given below. Codes: |
| A. | 1 only |
| B. | 2 and 3 only |
| C. | 1 and 3 only |
| D. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| Answer» C. 1 and 3 only | |
| 1148. |
Consider the following statements. 1. In 1972 the United Nations held the first international conference on human environment in Stockholm. 2. The agenda was prepared by Rene Dubos and other experts. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes: |
| A. | Only 1 |
| B. | Only 2 |
| C. | Both 1 & 2 |
| D. | None of the above |
| Answer» D. None of the above | |
| 1149. |
The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer aims to control the production and use of: 1. Dichloromethane 2. CFCs 3. HPCs Select the correct answer using the codes given below. Codes: |
| A. | 1 and 2 only |
| B. | 2 only |
| C. | 2 and 3 only |
| D. | 1, 2 and 3 |
| Answer» C. 2 and 3 only | |
| 1150. |
Which of the following are missions under the Nation Action Plan on Climate Change? 1. National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture 2. National Mission for Sustainable Development 3. National Mission on Sustainable Habitat 4. National Water Mission 5. National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency Which of the statements given above is/are correct? Codes: |
| A. | Only 1 and 2 |
| B. | Only 1, 2, 3 and 5 |
| C. | Only 1, 3, 4 and 5 |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» D. All of the above | |