1185 + Mcqs in Ecology And Environment Page 20 McqOptions

951.	What factor does not contribute to the rapid loss of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems? 1. Clear cutting native forests 2. Early serai stages 3. Climax communities 4. Low diversity Choose the correct option from the codes given below:
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 3
C.	3 only
D.	3 and 4
Answer» D. 3 and 4

Discussion

952.	Not all parasitism involves feeding on the body of the host. The exception is: 1. Ectoparasitism 2. Endopasitism 3. Parasitoids 4. Brood Parasitism Choose the option from the codes given below:
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	4 only
Answer» E.

Discussion

953.	Consider the following statements : 1. Waste are of two types, biodegradable and non- biodegradable. 2. Blue-green algae are producers. 3. Biodegradable wastes should be separated and kept in blue colour bins for garbage collectors. Which of these statement(s) is/are correct?
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 3
C.	1, 2 and 3
D.	None
Answer» B. 2 and 3

Discussion

954.	The producers in ecosystems include which of the following? 1. Prokaryotes 2. Algae 3. Plants
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	1, 2, and 3
Answer» E.

Discussion

955.	Which of the following are correct statements about light in aquatic environments? 1. Water selectively reflects and absorbs certain wavelengths of light. 2. Photosynthetic organisms that live in deep water probably utilize red light. 3. Light intensity is an important abiotic factor in limiting the distribution of photosynthetic organisms.
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	1 and 3 only
D.	2 and 3 only
Answer» D. 2 and 3 only

Discussion

956.	Which of the following are the incorrect statements about 'Keystone species'. 1. Keystone species are the small-sized plants and organisms which have large effect on the environment. 2. Keystone species play critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecological community. 3. Keystone species do not generally affect other organisms.
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 3
C.	1 and 3
D.	All are correct
Answer» D. All are correct

Discussion

957.	Which of the following statements are true about ecosystem? Select the correct answer from the codes: 1. Ecosystem comprises both biotic and abiotic components. 2. Solar radiation is the main driving force of the ecosystem. 3. Ecosystem is a closed system. 4. Ecosystem does not have its own productivity Codes:
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 3
C.	1 and 3
D.	3 and 4
Answer» B. 2 and 3

Discussion

958.	Which one is not the dynamic aspect of an ecosystem? 1. Producers and mineral cycles 2. Consumers and mineral cycles 3. Producers and energy flow 4. Energy flow and mineral cycles Which of the above is/are correct?
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 4
C.	1, 2 and 3
D.	All of these
Answer» D. All of these

Discussion

959.	Which of the following include(s) ecosystem services? 1. Purification of air and water by forests 2. Forests mitigate droughts and flood 3. Forests act as store house of carbon 4. Forests influence hydrological cycle Which of the above is/are correct?
A.	1 and 3
B.	1 and 4
C.	1, 2 and 3
D.	1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer» E.

Discussion

960.	Consider the following statements: 1. The amount of usable energy remains constant as it is passed from one trophic level to another. 2. The energy within an ecosystem is fixed and never changes. Which of these statement(s) is/are correct?
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	Both 1 and 2
D.	neither 1 nor 2
Answer» E.

Discussion

961.	Which of the following groups contains only easily biodegradable items? 1. Grass, flower and leather 2. Grass, wood and plastic 3. Fruits, peel cake and lime juice 4. Cake, wood and grass. Which of the above is/are correct?
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 3
C.	1, 3 and 4
D.	All of these
Answer» D. All of these

Discussion

962.	Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem'? (IAS Prelims 2016)
A.	A community of organisms interacting with one another.
B.	That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms.
C.	A community of organisms together with the environment in which they live
D.	The flora and fauna of a geographical area
Answer» B. That part of the Earth which is inhabited by living organisms.

Discussion

963.	Inclusion strategy does not focus on:
A.	reduction of inequality
B.	reduction of poverty
C.	diversifying livelihood for tribal population
D.	getting poorer countries close
Answer» E.

Discussion

964.	A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area but its existence is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal?
A.	Indian wild buffalo
B.	Indian wild ass
C.	Indian wild boar
D.	Indian gazelle
Answer» C. Indian wild boar

Discussion

965.	The phrase "ecosystem capital" is better than the phrase "natural resources" because ecosystem capital:
A.	includes the ecological value of natural ecosystems.
B.	includes the economic value of an ecosystem's goods and services.
C.	does not include the value of natural ecosystems.
D.	does not include the economic value of an ecosystem's goods and services.
Answer» B. includes the economic value of an ecosystem's goods and services.

Discussion

966.	Regulating and cultural services provided by natural ecosystems:
A.	are typically the most economically valued components of ecosystems.
B.	are public goods usually provided by markets.
C.	include goods such as fresh water, wild foods, and livestock.
D.	are essential but difficult to value in monetary terms.
Answer» E.

Discussion

967.	Why are there so few ecosystems with more than four levels of consumers?
A.	because biomass decreases by about 90% at each level moving up.
B.	because top consumers compete with and kill each other with increasing population size.
C.	because consumers at these highest levels typically form social groups that stop reproducing at high densities.
D.	because predators at the highest levels simply are not intelligent enough to hunt other top predators.
Answer» B. because top consumers compete with and kill each other with increasing population size.

Discussion

968.	Which one of the following illustrates interspecific competition?
A.	The largest wolves in a pack are the first to feed on a freshly killed deer.
B.	Two honeybees from the same colony converge on a flower to collect pollen & nectar.
C.	Advertising its nectar with red colors, a columbine flower attracts a hummingbird for a meal.
D.	Standing near the dead antelope, vultures wait for the lions to finish their meal.
Answer» E.

Discussion

969.	Some birds have been seen to consume certain soils in what is called geophagy. In some cases, the soils help the birds digest toxins that occur in their diets. These birds eating soil represent a member of the:
A.	biosphere consuming a component of the lithosphere.
B.	hydrosphere consuming a component of the atmosphere.
C.	lithosphere consuming a component of the biosphere.
D.	atmosphere consuming a component of the hydrosphere.
Answer» B. hydrosphere consuming a component of the atmosphere.

Discussion

970.	Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) reach toxic levels in organisms in natural ecosystems in large part because of bio magnification, in which the highest concentrations of POPs are found in:
A.	primary producers
B.	secondary producers
C.	primary consumers
D.	secondary consumers
Answer» E.

Discussion

971.	Maintaining sustainable human exploitation of ecosystem capital will be increasingly difficult because of:
A.	the over reliance on grains and other plants as a significant portion of the human diet.
B.	the expanding number of vital and bacterial human diseases.
C.	the growing human population on Earth.
D.	decreases in worldwide ocean levels.
Answer» D. decreases in worldwide ocean levels.

Discussion

972.	In an ecosystem, the replacement of one new species for another because of direct competition for the same resources defines:
A.	intraspecific competition.
B.	the competitive exclusion principle.
C.	character displacement.
D.	resource partitioning.
Answer» C. character displacement.

Discussion

973.	In an ecosystem with many similar species, we typically find:
A.	intense interspecific competition for food.
B.	competitors using different resources.
C.	intense interspecific competition for nesting sites.
D.	adaptations for battles and interspecific competition.
Answer» C. intense interspecific competition for nesting sites.

Discussion

974.	Ecotones:
A.	contain only species found in the bordering ecosystems.
B.	have the same abiotic characteristics as the bordering ecosystems.
C.	consist of two or more landscapes.
D.	are transitional regions between ecosystems.
Answer» E.

Discussion

975.	Ecosystem sustainability primarily results from the:
A.	relationships between the organisms in an ecosystem.
B.	number of predators found in the ecosystem.
C.	frequency of fires or other natural disasters in an ecosystem.
D.	total amount of biomass that exists in an ecosystem.
Answer» B. number of predators found in the ecosystem.

Discussion

976.	If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosystem, its functioning will be adversely affected because of:
A.	Mineral movement will be blocked
B.	The rate of decomposition will be very high
C.	Energy flow will be blocked
D.	Herbivores will not receive solar energy.
Answer» B. The rate of decomposition will be very high

Discussion

977.	Deep in the ocean off the shore of Japan, are communities nestled around hydro thermal vents where super-heated water, springs from the bottom of the ocean. No sunlight ever penetrates to these deep regions. In these communities, bacteria have special enzymes that allow them to form organic matter by chemosynthesis. These communities frequently have worms, clams, shrimp, and many other organisms clustered together. In such a system, fish feed on shrimp that feed on the bacteria. This food chain represents a:
A.	tertiary consumer eating a secondary consumer eating a primary consumer.
B.	primary consumer eating a secondary consumer eating a tertiary consumer.
C.	consumer eating a producer which then consumes chemoautotrophic bacteria.
D.	secondary consumer eating a primary consumer which then eats a producer.
Answer» E.

Discussion

978.	Deciding to use a natural enemies approach to control the mites that infect her crops, a farmer purchases 10,000 ladybugs in the spring and spreads them over her 100 acre fields. This represents the use of natural:
A.	predators
B.	parasitoids
C.	pathogens
D.	plant-eaters
Answer» B. parasitoids

Discussion

979.	Consumers that eat plants rely upon:
A.	chemical energy stored in organic molecules produced by photosythesis.
B.	kinetic energy stored in organic molecules produced by photosynthesis.
C.	photosynthesis to convert potential energy to kinetic energy.
D.	entropy to generate heat to drive kinetic processes in their bodies.
Answer» B. kinetic energy stored in organic molecules produced by photosynthesis.

Discussion

980.	Biomes with permafrost are most likely:
A.	covered in coniferous forests at high latitudes.
B.	in temperate zones with deciduous trees.
C.	located near the poles and without any trees.
D.	located at high altitudes nearest the equator.
Answer» D. located at high altitudes nearest the equator.

Discussion

981.	The term Biocoenosis was proposed by
A.	A G Tansley
B.	Karl Mobius
C.	R H Whittaker
D.	Robert Hooke
Answer» C. R H Whittaker

Discussion

982.	The economic gap between developing and industrialized countries may best be narrowed by
A.	the adoption of democratic forms of government in developing countries.
B.	industrialized countries increasing shipments of food supplies to developing countries.
C.	industrialized countries harvesting more natural resources in developing countries.
D.	stabilizing population growth in developing countries.
Answer» E.

Discussion

983.	Primary productivity of the open oceans is very limited because of:
A.	the shortage of water.
B.	the shortage of light.
C.	the shortage of nutrients.
D.	low temperature.
Answer» D. low temperature.

Discussion

984.	Food chain in which microorganisms breakdown the food formed by primary producers is
A.	Parasitic food chain
B.	Detritus food chain
C.	Consumer food chain
D.	Predator food chain.
Answer» C. Consumer food chain

Discussion

985.	Having covered millions of acres of grasslands, the toxic weed leafy spurge has caused serious damage to the lower regions of Himachal. Being toxic in nature it is avoid by both cattle and horses alike. Leafy spurge has spread completely across many neighboring states of Uttaranchal. If left uncontrolled in these states, leafy spurge populations will:
A.	keep growing indefinitely.
B.	reach their carrying capacity.
C.	shift from a S-curve to a constant rate of growth.
D.	shift from an S-shaped curve to a J-shaped growth curve.
Answer» C. shift from a S-curve to a constant rate of growth.

Discussion

986.	Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides
A.	when fossil fuels are burned at high combustion temperatures.
B.	if the sun is shining brightly and there is a temperature inversion.
C.	on cloudy days when carbon and soot levels are unusually high.
D.	if radon gas is present when gasoline is burned in automobiles.
Answer» B. if the sun is shining brightly and there is a temperature inversion.

Discussion

987.	On which of the following can you find the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Star Label? (IAS Prelims 2016) 1. Ceiling fans 2. Electric geysers 3. Tubular fluorescent lamps Select the correct answer using the code given below.
A.	1 and 2 only
B.	3 only
C.	2 and 3 only
D.	1, 2 and 3
Answer» E.

Discussion

988.	Consider the following statement 1. Steppe is found in low latitudes and middle latitudes. 2. Prairies are humid and densely covered tall grasslands 3. Savanna are the areas of thick high grasses Choose the correct code
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	1, 2, 3
Answer» E.

Discussion

989.	With reference to ecosystem stability, consider the following statements 1. A diverse and complex ecosystem is more stable. 2. Ecosystem stability increases with decrease in number of links in food web. Which of the statements given above is/are correct
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	1 and 2
D.	None of the Above
Answer» B. 2 only

Discussion

990.	What is the name of the cycle where the continuous and balanced process of evaporation, precipitation, transpiration and runoff of water takes place. 1. Hydrological 2. Tropological 3. Hyper logical Choose the correct option
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	None of the Above
Answer» B. 2 only

Discussion

991.	With reference to phosphorus cycling, consider the following statements 1. The natural reservoir of phosphorus is atmosphere, which contains phosphorus in the form of phosphates. 2. Herbivores and other animals obtain phosphorus from plants. 3. Unlike carbon cycle, there is no respiratory release of phosphorus into atmosphere. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A.	1 and 2
B.	2 and 3
C.	1 and 3
D.	1, 2, 3
Answer» C. 1 and 3

Discussion

992.	Consider the following statements 1. Three fourth of the earth surface is covered by water but less than 3% is fresh water used for human consumption. 2. Of the total fresh water available, Ice cap has highest share of 2% followed by ground water 0.68%. Select the correct answer using the code given below.
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	1 and 2
D.	Neither of the Above
Answer» D. Neither of the Above

Discussion

993.	Consider the following statement 1. Atmospheric temperature of the place depends upon the slope, altitude, latitude, topography. 2. Temperature increases as we go from equator to poles. 3. Temperature lowers as we go from equator to poles Choose the incorrect statement
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	None of the Above
Answer» C. 3 only

Discussion

994.	The water that has less content of salt is called __ 1. Sea 2. Fresh water 3. Oil Choose the correct code
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	All of the Above
Answer» C. 3 only

Discussion

995.	Marine lives are found in which place? 1. Ocean 2. Lake 3. Ponds 4. Sand Choose the correct code
A.	1, 2
B.	3, 4
C.	1, 2, 3
D.	1, 2, 3, 4
Answer» D. 1, 2, 3, 4

Discussion

996.	Which forest does not see winter season? 1. Boreal Forest 2. Temperate Deciduous Forests 3. Tropical Forest Choose the correct code
A.	1 only
B.	1 and 2
C.	1, 2, 3
D.	3 only
Answer» E.

Discussion

997.	Consider the following statement 1. The soil of Temperate Deciduous forests is richer than boreal forests. 2. Temperate Deciduous forests are mostly found in the equatorial belt of the plant. Which statement is incorrect?
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	1 and 2
D.	None of the Above
Answer» B. 2 only

Discussion

998.	Name the forest that is found in Asia, Europe. 1. Boreal Forest 2. Temperate Deciduous Forests 3. Tropical or Rainforests Choose the correct name
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	All of the Above
Answer» B. 2 only

Discussion

999.	The process of cycling of minerals and components through the ecosystem is called____ 1. Biological cycle 2. Biogeochemical cycle 3. Biochemical cycle Choose the correct code
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	None of the Above
Answer» C. 3 only

Discussion

1000.	Consider the following statement in regards to ecosystem 1. Components of an ecosystem include Biotic 2. Components of an ecosystem include Abiotic Which of the following statement is correct?
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	1 and 2
D.	None of the Above
Answer» D. None of the Above

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in UPSC IAS Exam.

What factor does not contribute to the rapid loss of nutrients from terrestrial ecosystems? 1. Clear cutting native forests 2. Early serai stages 3. Climax communities 4. Low diversity Choose the correct option from the codes given below:

Not all parasitism involves feeding on the body of the host. The exception is: 1. Ectoparasitism 2. Endopasitism 3. Parasitoids 4. Brood Parasitism Choose the option from the codes given below:

Consider the following statements : 1. Waste are of two types, biodegradable and non- biodegradable. 2. Blue-green algae are producers. 3. Biodegradable wastes should be separated and kept in blue colour bins for garbage collectors. Which of these statement(s) is/are correct?

The producers in ecosystems include which of the following? 1. Prokaryotes 2. Algae 3. Plants

Which one is not the dynamic aspect of an ecosystem? 1. Producers and mineral cycles 2. Consumers and mineral cycles 3. Producers and energy flow 4. Energy flow and mineral cycles Which of the above is/are correct?

Which of the following include(s) ecosystem services? 1. Purification of air and water by forests 2. Forests mitigate droughts and flood 3. Forests act as store house of carbon 4. Forests influence hydrological cycle Which of the above is/are correct?

Consider the following statements: 1. The amount of usable energy remains constant as it is passed from one trophic level to another. 2. The energy within an ecosystem is fixed and never changes. Which of these statement(s) is/are correct?

Which of the following groups contains only easily biodegradable items? 1. Grass, flower and leather 2. Grass, wood and plastic 3. Fruits, peel cake and lime juice 4. Cake, wood and grass. Which of the above is/are correct?

Which one of the following is the best description of the term 'ecosystem'? (IAS Prelims 2016)

Inclusion strategy does not focus on:

A sandy and saline area is the natural habitat of an Indian animal species. The animal has no predators in that area but its existence is threatened due to the destruction of its habitat. Which one of the following could be that animal?

The phrase "ecosystem capital" is better than the phrase "natural resources" because ecosystem capital:

Regulating and cultural services provided by natural ecosystems:

Why are there so few ecosystems with more than four levels of consumers?

Which one of the following illustrates interspecific competition?

Some birds have been seen to consume certain soils in what is called geophagy. In some cases, the soils help the birds digest toxins that occur in their diets. These birds eating soil represent a member of the:

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) reach toxic levels in organisms in natural ecosystems in large part because of bio magnification, in which the highest concentrations of POPs are found in:

Maintaining sustainable human exploitation of ecosystem capital will be increasingly difficult because of:

In an ecosystem, the replacement of one new species for another because of direct competition for the same resources defines:

In an ecosystem with many similar species, we typically find:

Ecotones:

Ecosystem sustainability primarily results from the:

If we completely remove the decomposers from an ecosystem, its functioning will be adversely affected because of:

Deciding to use a natural enemies approach to control the mites that infect her crops, a farmer purchases 10,000 ladybugs in the spring and spreads them over her 100 acre fields. This represents the use of natural:

Consumers that eat plants rely upon:

Biomes with permafrost are most likely:

The term Biocoenosis was proposed by

The economic gap between developing and industrialized countries may best be narrowed by

Primary productivity of the open oceans is very limited because of:

Food chain in which microorganisms breakdown the food formed by primary producers is

Atmospheric nitrogen is converted to nitrogen oxides

On which of the following can you find the Bureau of Energy Efficiency Star Label? (IAS Prelims 2016) 1. Ceiling fans 2. Electric geysers 3. Tubular fluorescent lamps Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Consider the following statement 1. Steppe is found in low latitudes and middle latitudes. 2. Prairies are humid and densely covered tall grasslands 3. Savanna are the areas of thick high grasses Choose the correct code

With reference to ecosystem stability, consider the following statements 1. A diverse and complex ecosystem is more stable. 2. Ecosystem stability increases with decrease in number of links in food web. Which of the statements given above is/are correct

What is the name of the cycle where the continuous and balanced process of evaporation, precipitation, transpiration and runoff of water takes place. 1. Hydrological 2. Tropological 3. Hyper logical Choose the correct option

Consider the following statement 1. Atmospheric temperature of the place depends upon the slope, altitude, latitude, topography. 2. Temperature increases as we go from equator to poles. 3. Temperature lowers as we go from equator to poles Choose the incorrect statement

The water that has less content of salt is called __ 1. Sea 2. Fresh water 3. Oil Choose the correct code

Marine lives are found in which place? 1. Ocean 2. Lake 3. Ponds 4. Sand Choose the correct code

Which forest does not see winter season? 1. Boreal Forest 2. Temperate Deciduous Forests 3. Tropical Forest Choose the correct code

Consider the following statement 1. The soil of Temperate Deciduous forests is richer than boreal forests. 2. Temperate Deciduous forests are mostly found in the equatorial belt of the plant. Which statement is incorrect?

Name the forest that is found in Asia, Europe. 1. Boreal Forest 2. Temperate Deciduous Forests 3. Tropical or Rainforests Choose the correct name

The process of cycling of minerals and components through the ecosystem is called____ 1. Biological cycle 2. Biogeochemical cycle 3. Biochemical cycle Choose the correct code

Consider the following statement in regards to ecosystem 1. Components of an ecosystem include Biotic 2. Components of an ecosystem include Abiotic Which of the following statement is correct?