It is used in panels for switchgear and arcing device.

Asbestos paper and board with cotton backing

If μI and μP represent the impurity scattering and phonon scattering limited values of mobility of a semiconductor, the overall mobility would be

\(\frac{{{\mu _I} + {\mu _P}}}{2}\)

\(\frac{{{\mu _I}{\mu _P}}}{{{\mu _I} + {\mu _P}}}\)

Assuming the hard-spheres, the Atomic Packing Factor (APF) is equal to

Volume of unit cell/Volume of atoms in the unit cell

Volume of atoms in the unit cell × Volume of the unit cell

Volume of atoms in the unit cell + Volume of the unit cell

Volume of atoms in the unit cell/ Volume of the unit cell

In a superconductors, if the temperature is decreased below its critical temperature, the value of critical magnetic field will

Increase or decrease depending on the superconductor material

For a superconductor, relation between transition temperature TC and critical field HC is shown as

\(H_C=H_0 \left[1+\left(\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)^2\right]\)

\(H_C=H_0 \left(1-\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)\)

\(H_C=H_0 \left[1-\left(\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)^2\right]\)

\(H_C=H_0 \left[1-\left(\dfrac{T}{T_C}\right)^2\right]\)

\(H_C=H_0 \left[1+\left(\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)^2\right]\)

In ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, the atomic thermal motions counteract the coupling forces between the adjacent atomic dipole moments, thereby causing

Increase in dipole alignment regardless of whether an external field is present

Some dipole misalignment regardless of whether an external field is present

Increase in dipole alignment regardless of whether an external field is present

Atoms tend to de-randomize the direction of moments

Manganese is added to Carbon steels:

Make the steel ductile and good bending qualities

decrease the elastic deformation

Make the steel tougher and harder

Direction: It consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the others as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): Long-chain polymers are weaker than most ceramics and metals.Statement (II): The molecular chains in long-chain polymers are bonded to each other with Van der Waals bonds.

Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false

Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true

Direction: It consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the others as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): A large number of metals become super-conducting below a certain temperature which is characteristic of the particular metal.Statement (II): Superconducting compounds and alloys must have components which are themselves super-conduction.

Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false

Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

Gamma iron exists at temperatures in the range

Room temperature and lower critical temperature

In which one of the following phase transformations, there are no compositional alterations?

Non-equilibrium transformations

A circular dislocation loop has edge character all around the loop and this dislocation can glide only on a surface that contains

Both burgers vector and t vector

Jominy end-quench test is carried out to determine

recrystallization temperature of steel

glass transition temperature of a material

Hyper eutectoid steels have structure of-

Phases of ferrite and cementite

Phases of cementite and pearlite

Phases of ferrite and cementite

Identify the incorrect statement, from the following options:Steels are ferrous alloys ______.

With higher strength due to alloying with carbon

That may have other alloying elements besides carbon

With less than 2.14% of carbon pressure

With higher ductility due to the presence of carbon

With higher strength due to alloying with carbon

Directions: The question consists of two statements, one labeled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other labeled as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:Statement (I): In a substitutional semiconductor, an atom is replaced by an occasional foreign atom. The imperfections may be deliberately controlled or created in transistor material.Statement (II): The lattice vacancies created when certain atoms in a semiconductor are missing are known as Schottky defects.

Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I).

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I).

Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.

Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true.

If the atomic radius of aluminum is r, what is its unit cell volume?

\({\left( {\frac{{2r}}{{\sqrt 3 }}} \right)^3}\)

\({\left( {\frac{{2r}}{{\sqrt 2 }}} \right)^2}\)

\({\left( {\frac{{4r}}{{\sqrt 2 }}} \right)^3}\)

\({\left( {\frac{{2r}}{{\sqrt 3 }}} \right)^3}\)

\({\left( {\frac{{4r}}{{\sqrt 3 }}} \right)^3}\)

Electrochemical breakdown in a dielectric occurs at

very low temperatures concurrent with ambient humidity above 50%

very high temperature concurrent with high humidity of the surroundings

very low temperatures concurrent with ambient humidity above 50%

283 + Mcqs in Structure And Properties Of Engineering Materials in Mechanical Engineering Page 1 McqOptions

1.	Consider the following statements:1. Material science deals with the strength and stiffness behaviour of components (buildings/machines/vehicale facilities) based on their response to imposed stresses (forces, moments, torque, etc.).2. Material properties are dependent on their micro-structure and response to force fields and surface interaction.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	Both 1 and 2
D.	Neither 1 nor 2
Answer» D. Neither 1 nor 2

Discussion

2.	A cast iron bed plate for a pump has a crack length of 100 μm. If the young’s modulus of cast iron is 210 GN/m2 and the specific surface energy is 10 J/m2, the fracture strength required will be nearly
A.	1.0 × 108 N/m2
B.	1.2 × 108 N/m2
C.	1.4 × 108 N/m2
D.	1.6 × 108 N/m2
Answer» C. 1.4 × 108 N/m2

Discussion

3.	It is used in panels for switchgear and arcing device.
A.	Asbestos cement
B.	Asbestos tapes
C.	Asbestos paper and board with cotton backing
D.	Asbestos cloth
Answer» B. Asbestos tapes

Discussion

4.	_________ is added as an alloying element to enhance the endurance strength of steel materials?
A.	Tungsten
B.	Molybdenum
C.	Nickel
D.	Vanadium
Answer» E.

Discussion

5.	Muntz metal (yellow brass) contains copper and zinc in the ratio-
A.	1 ∶ 1
B.	2 ∶ 3
C.	3 ∶ 2
D.	1 ∶ 4
Answer» D. 1 ∶ 4

Discussion

6.	A barium titanate crystal is inserted in a parallel plate capacitor of area 10 mm × 10 mm. The plates having a separation of 2 mm, give a capacitance of 10-9 F. If the value of ε0 = 8.854 × 10-12 Fm-1, the relative permittivity of the crystal will be nearly
A.	2640
B.	2450
C.	2260
D.	2080
Answer» D. 2080

Discussion

7.	Consider the following statements associated with the basic electric properties of ideal conductors:1. The resultant field inside is zero.2. The net charge density in the interior is zero.3. Any net charges reside on the surface.4. The surface is always equipotential.5. The field just outside is zero.Which of the above statements are correct?
A.	1, 2, 3 and 4
B.	3, 4 and 5 only
C.	1, 2 and 3 only
D.	2 and 3 only
Answer» B. 3, 4 and 5 only

Discussion

8.	Below the ductile to brittle transition temperature, weld joints show
A.	High ductility
B.	High toughness
C.	Low toughness
D.	Ductile fracture
Answer» D. Ductile fracture

Discussion

9.	γ- iron has structure:
A.	BCC
B.	HCP
C.	SC
D.	FCC
Answer» E.

Discussion

10.	An important property of high silicon (12% - 18%) in cast iron is the high
A.	Tenacity
B.	Brittleness
C.	Plasticity
D.	Hardness
Answer» E.

Discussion

11.	If μI and μP represent the impurity scattering and phonon scattering limited values of mobility of a semiconductor, the overall mobility would be
A.	μI + μP
B.	\(\frac{{{\mu _I} + {\mu _P}}}{2}\)
C.	\(\sqrt {{\mu _I}{\mu _P}} \)
D.	\(\frac{{{\mu _I}{\mu _P}}}{{{\mu _I} + {\mu _P}}}\)
Answer» E.

Discussion

12.	Assuming the hard-spheres, the Atomic Packing Factor (APF) is equal to
A.	Volume of unit cell/Volume of atoms in the unit cell
B.	Volume of atoms in the unit cell × Volume of the unit cell
C.	Volume of atoms in the unit cell + Volume of the unit cell
D.	Volume of atoms in the unit cell/ Volume of the unit cell
Answer» E.

Discussion

13.	In a superconductors, if the temperature is decreased below its critical temperature, the value of critical magnetic field will
A.	Increase
B.	Decrease
C.	Not change
D.	Increase or decrease depending on the superconductor material
Answer» B. Decrease

Discussion

14.	For a superconductor, relation between transition temperature TC and critical field HC is shown as
A.	\(H_C=H_0 \left(1-\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)\)
B.	\(H_C=H_0 \left[1-\left(\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)^2\right]\)
C.	\(H_C=H_0 \left[1-\left(\dfrac{T}{T_C}\right)^2\right]\)
D.	\(H_C=H_0 \left[1+\left(\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)^2\right]\)
Answer» D. \(H_C=H_0 \left[1+\left(\dfrac{T_C}{T}\right)^2\right]\)

Discussion

15.	In ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, the atomic thermal motions counteract the coupling forces between the adjacent atomic dipole moments, thereby causing
A.	Some dipole misalignment regardless of whether an external field is present
B.	Increase in dipole alignment regardless of whether an external field is present
C.	No effect on dipole alignment
D.	Atoms tend to de-randomize the direction of moments
Answer» B. Increase in dipole alignment regardless of whether an external field is present

Discussion

16.	Measured mechanical properties of material are same in a particular direction at each point. This property of the material is known as
A.	isotropy
B.	homogeneity
C.	orthotropy
D.	anisotropy
Answer» C. orthotropy

Discussion

17.	Manganese is added to Carbon steels:
A.	Make the steel ductile and good bending qualities
B.	decrease the elastic deformation
C.	Make the steel tougher and harder
D.	Raise the yield point
Answer» D. Raise the yield point

Discussion

18.	Direction: It consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the others as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): Long-chain polymers are weaker than most ceramics and metals.Statement (II): The molecular chains in long-chain polymers are bonded to each other with Van der Waals bonds.
A.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)
B.	Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)
C.	Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false
D.	Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true
Answer» B. Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Discussion

19.	A steel containing carbon above 0.8% is known as
A.	Chrome steel annealing
B.	Eutectoid steel
C.	Hypo-eutectoid steel
D.	Hyper-eutectoid steel
Answer» E.

Discussion

20.	Nodular cast iron is also called as:
A.	Graphite iron
B.	Malleable cast iron
C.	Grey cast iron
D.	White cast iron
Answer» B. Malleable cast iron

Discussion

21.	δ-iron occurs in the temperature range of
A.	Between 400°C to 600°C
B.	Between 600°C to 900°C
C.	Between 900°C to 1400°C
D.	Between 1400°C to 1539°C
Answer» E.

Discussion

22.	Neat oils can be preferred while machining of:
A.	Grey Cast Iron
B.	Copper alloys
C.	Aluminium alloys
D.	Alloy Steels
Answer» E.

Discussion

23.	Polymers having strong primary bonds throughout, often formed by condensation polymerization, and their structure resembles one large molecule, are known as
A.	thermoplastic polymers
B.	thermosoftening polymers
C.	thermosetting polymers
D.	random polymers
Answer» D. random polymers

Discussion

24.	Increasing carbon content in steel, _________ ultimate strength and ____ ductility of steel.
A.	increases, decreases
B.	decreases, decreases
C.	increases, increases
D.	decreases, increases
Answer» B. decreases, decreases

Discussion

25.	A plane intersects the coordinate axes at \(x = \frac{2}{3},\;y = \frac{1}{3}\;and\;z = \frac{1}{2}\) what is the Miller index of this plane?
A.	932
B.	432
C.	423
D.	364
Answer» E.

Discussion

26.	Direction: It consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the others as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): A large number of metals become super-conducting below a certain temperature which is characteristic of the particular metal.Statement (II): Superconducting compounds and alloys must have components which are themselves super-conduction.
A.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)
B.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)
C.	Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
D.	Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Answer» D. Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

Discussion

27.	Micro-structure of a material is generally examined by
A.	naked eye
B.	optical microscope
C.	X-ray techniques
D.	none of these
Answer» C. X-ray techniques

Discussion

28.	In brass, copper is alloyed with:
A.	Tin
B.	Zinc
C.	Aluminium
D.	Nickel
Answer» C. Aluminium

Discussion

29.	Penetration depth of magnetic field inside a superconductor is
A.	Always zero
B.	London depth of penetration
C.	Skin depth of penetration
D.	Inside Full bulk of material
Answer» C. Skin depth of penetration

Discussion

30.	Consider the following Repeat Unit Structure:What is the above polymer?
A.	Poly(amide — imide)
B.	Polyacrylonitrile
C.	Polybutadiene
D.	Polyethylene
Answer» C. Polybutadiene

Discussion

31.	In the tensile test, the phenomenon of slow extension of material (i.e.) increasing with the time having constant load is called-
A.	Creeping
B.	Yielding
C.	Breaking
D.	Shrinking
Answer» B. Yielding

Discussion

32.	Gamma iron exists at temperatures in the range
A.	Room temperature and lower critical temperature
B.	Between 500°C and 850°C
C.	Between 900°C and 1400°C
D.	Between 1400°C and 1600°C
Answer» D. Between 1400°C and 1600°C

Discussion

33.	In which one of the following phase transformations, there are no compositional alterations?
A.	Incongruent transformations
B.	Congruent transformations
C.	Non-equilibrium transformations
D.	Equilibrium transformations
Answer» C. Non-equilibrium transformations

Discussion

34.	A circular dislocation loop has edge character all around the loop and this dislocation can glide only on a surface that contains
A.	Burgers vector
B.	Both burgers vector and t vector
C.	t vector
D.	No vector
Answer» C. t vector

Discussion

35.	During the analysis of microstructure of pearlite, it is found that it is composed of A% ferrite and B% cementite. The value of A and B are _____ respectively.
A.	88 and 12
B.	50 and 50
C.	12 and 88
D.	60 and 40
Answer» B. 50 and 50

Discussion

36.	Jominy end-quench test is carried out to determine
A.	recrystallization temperature of steel
B.	glass transition temperature of a material
C.	hardenability of steel
D.	hardness of steel
Answer» D. hardness of steel

Discussion

37.	Alloy steel as compared to carbon steel is more _____.A. toughB. hardC. fatigue resistance
A.	only A
B.	only B
C.	only C
D.	None of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

38.	Consider the following statements regarding a ferromagnetic material:1. Below the ferromagnetic Curie temperature, the ferromagnetic materials exhibit a hysteresis effect.2. The coercive force is the field required to reduce the flux density to zero.Which of the above statements is/are correct?
A.	Both 1 and 2
B.	Neither 1 nor 2
C.	1 only
D.	2 only
Answer» B. Neither 1 nor 2

Discussion

39.	Alloying element in stainless steel is
A.	18% Cr, 8% Ni
B.	18% Ni, 8% Cr
C.	18% Mo, 8% Cr
D.	18% Cr, 8% Mo
Answer» B. 18% Ni, 8% Cr

Discussion

40.	18/8 stainless steel contains
A.	18% stainless, 8% chromium
B.	18% chromium, 8% nickel
C.	18% tungsten, 8% nickel
D.	18% tungsten, 8% chromium
Answer» C. 18% tungsten, 8% nickel

Discussion

41.	Hyper eutectoid steels have structure of-
A.	Pearlite alone
B.	Phases of ferrite and pearlite
C.	Phases of cementite and pearlite
D.	Phases of ferrite and cementite
Answer» D. Phases of ferrite and cementite

Discussion

42.	Identify the incorrect statement, from the following options:Steels are ferrous alloys ______.
A.	That may have other alloying elements besides carbon
B.	With less than 2.14% of carbon pressure
C.	With higher ductility due to the presence of carbon
D.	With higher strength due to alloying with carbon
Answer» D. With higher strength due to alloying with carbon

Discussion

43.	Miller indices are same for:
A.	Crystal planes
B.	Parallel planes
C.	Perpendicular planes
D.	Three crystallographic planes.
Answer» C. Perpendicular planes

Discussion

44.	Directions: The question consists of two statements, one labeled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other labeled as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:Statement (I): In a substitutional semiconductor, an atom is replaced by an occasional foreign atom. The imperfections may be deliberately controlled or created in transistor material.Statement (II): The lattice vacancies created when certain atoms in a semiconductor are missing are known as Schottky defects.
A.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I).
B.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true, but Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I).
C.	Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.
D.	Statement (I) is false, but Statement (II) is true.
Answer» C. Statement (I) is true, but Statement (II) is false.

Discussion

45.	Consider the following statements:1. Asphalt is a naturally occurring product having a non-crystalline structure.2. Rock Asphalt occurs in limestones or sandstones.3. Tar is the residue left after the distillation of crude oil.4. Resins in Asphalt provide the stickiness to the product.Which of the above statements are correct?
A.	1, 2 and 3 only
B.	3 and 4 only
C.	1, 2 and 4 only
D.	1, 2, 3 and 4
Answer» D. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Discussion

46.	If steel is cooled in still air, the structure obtained is
A.	pearlite
B.	sorbite
C.	troosite
D.	acicular
Answer» C. troosite

Discussion

47.	Match the List – I with the List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given belowList-I(Crystal Structure)List-II(Packing Efficiency)A. Simple cubic1. 34B. Diamond cubic2. 74C. Body centered cubic3. 52D. Face centered cubic4. 68Select the correct answer using the codes given below:
A.	A-4, B-3, C-1, D-2
B.	A-3, B-1, C-4, D-2
C.	A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
D.	A-3, B-2, C-1, D-4
Answer» C. A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3

Discussion

48.	If the atomic radius of aluminum is r, what is its unit cell volume?
A.	\({\left( {\frac{{2r}}{{\sqrt 2 }}} \right)^2}\)
B.	\({\left( {\frac{{4r}}{{\sqrt 2 }}} \right)^3}\)
C.	\({\left( {\frac{{2r}}{{\sqrt 3 }}} \right)^3}\)
D.	\({\left( {\frac{{4r}}{{\sqrt 3 }}} \right)^3}\)
Answer» C. \({\left( {\frac{{2r}}{{\sqrt 3 }}} \right)^3}\)

Discussion

49.	Fibrous fracture occurs in _____.
A.	Ductile material
B.	Brittle material
C.	Elastic material
D.	Hard material
Answer» B. Brittle material

Discussion

50.	Electrochemical breakdown in a dielectric occurs at
A.	very low temperature only
B.	very high temperature only
C.	very high temperature concurrent with high humidity of the surroundings
D.	very low temperatures concurrent with ambient humidity above 50%
Answer» D. very low temperatures concurrent with ambient humidity above 50%

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Mechanical Engineering.

A cast iron bed plate for a pump has a crack length of 100 μm. If the young’s modulus of cast iron is 210 GN/m2 and the specific surface energy is 10 J/m2, the fracture strength required will be nearly

It is used in panels for switchgear and arcing device.

_________ is added as an alloying element to enhance the endurance strength of steel materials?

Muntz metal (yellow brass) contains copper and zinc in the ratio-

A barium titanate crystal is inserted in a parallel plate capacitor of area 10 mm × 10 mm. The plates having a separation of 2 mm, give a capacitance of 10-9 F. If the value of ε0 = 8.854 × 10-12 Fm-1, the relative permittivity of the crystal will be nearly

Below the ductile to brittle transition temperature, weld joints show

γ- iron has structure:

An important property of high silicon (12% - 18%) in cast iron is the high

If μI and μP represent the impurity scattering and phonon scattering limited values of mobility of a semiconductor, the overall mobility would be

Assuming the hard-spheres, the Atomic Packing Factor (APF) is equal to

In a superconductors, if the temperature is decreased below its critical temperature, the value of critical magnetic field will

For a superconductor, relation between transition temperature TC and critical field HC is shown as

In ferromagnetic, anti-ferromagnetic and ferromagnetic materials, the atomic thermal motions counteract the coupling forces between the adjacent atomic dipole moments, thereby causing

Measured mechanical properties of material are same in a particular direction at each point. This property of the material is known as

Manganese is added to Carbon steels:

A steel containing carbon above 0.8% is known as

Nodular cast iron is also called as:

δ-iron occurs in the temperature range of

Neat oils can be preferred while machining of:

Polymers having strong primary bonds throughout, often formed by condensation polymerization, and their structure resembles one large molecule, are known as

Increasing carbon content in steel, _________ ultimate strength and ____ ductility of steel.

A plane intersects the coordinate axes at \(x = \frac{2}{3},\;y = \frac{1}{3}\;and\;z = \frac{1}{2}\) what is the Miller index of this plane?

Micro-structure of a material is generally examined by

In brass, copper is alloyed with:

Penetration depth of magnetic field inside a superconductor is

Consider the following Repeat Unit Structure:What is the above polymer?

In the tensile test, the phenomenon of slow extension of material (i.e.) increasing with the time having constant load is called-

Gamma iron exists at temperatures in the range

In which one of the following phase transformations, there are no compositional alterations?

A circular dislocation loop has edge character all around the loop and this dislocation can glide only on a surface that contains

During the analysis of microstructure of pearlite, it is found that it is composed of A% ferrite and B% cementite. The value of A and B are _____ respectively.

Jominy end-quench test is carried out to determine

Alloy steel as compared to carbon steel is more _____.A. toughB. hardC. fatigue resistance

Consider the following statements regarding a ferromagnetic material:1. Below the ferromagnetic Curie temperature, the ferromagnetic materials exhibit a hysteresis effect.2. The coercive force is the field required to reduce the flux density to zero.Which of the above statements is/are correct?

Alloying element in stainless steel is

18/8 stainless steel contains

Hyper eutectoid steels have structure of-

Identify the incorrect statement, from the following options:Steels are ferrous alloys ______.

Miller indices are same for:

If steel is cooled in still air, the structure obtained is

Match the List – I with the List-II and select the correct answer using the codes given belowList-I(Crystal Structure)List-II(Packing Efficiency)A. Simple cubic1. 34B. Diamond cubic2. 74C. Body centered cubic3. 52D. Face centered cubic4. 68Select the correct answer using the codes given below:

If the atomic radius of aluminum is r, what is its unit cell volume?

Fibrous fracture occurs in _____.

Electrochemical breakdown in a dielectric occurs at

Increasing carbon content in steel, _____ ultimate strength and ductility of steel.