MCQOPTIONS
Saved Bookmarks
MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 135 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Biology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Oesophageal varices |
| A. | occur in one third of all cirrhosis patients |
| B. | account for more than 50 % of episodes of haematemesis |
| C. | are most often associated with hepatitis C cirrhosis |
| D. | have a 40 % mortality during the first episode of rupture |
| E. | lie primarily in the middle portion of the oesophagus |
| Answer» E. lie primarily in the middle portion of the oesophagus | |
| 2. |
In pyelonephritis |
| A. | 85 % of infections are caused by G-ve bacteria |
| B. | uretral obstruction makes haematogenous infection less likely |
| C. | uretral obstruction allows bacteria to ascend the ureter into the pelvis |
| D. | infection is less likely during pregnancy |
| E. | papillary necrosis and perinephric abscess are common seqelae |
| Answer» B. uretral obstruction makes haematogenous infection less likely | |
| 3. |
Urolithiasis |
| A. | presence of hypercalcemia implies renal insufficiency |
| B. | a patient with leukemia is likely to make cystine calculi |
| C. | calcium is the major component of 35% of calculi |
| D. | struvite stones are made up of magnesium-ammonium-phosphate |
| E. | the commonest cause of calcium oxalate stones is hypercalciuria |
| Answer» E. the commonest cause of calcium oxalate stones is hypercalciuria | |
| 4. |
Myositis ossificans |
| A. | Morphologically resembles osteosarcoma |
| B. | Resembles the repair process following a muscle tear |
| Answer» B. Resembles the repair process following a muscle tear | |
| 5. |
Myelefibrosis |
| A. | causes decreased megakaryocytes |
| B. | stimulates erythropoetin production |
| C. | causes leukoerythroblastic anaemia |
| Answer» D. | |
| 6. |
Mononuclear phagocytes |
| A. | Are the predominant cells in three day old wounds |
| B. | Are common in liver, spleen and pancreas |
| C. | Produce fibroblast growth factor |
| D. | Secrete interferon Y |
| E. | Have a half life of one day |
| Answer» D. Secrete interferon Y | |
| 7. |
Stress fractures |
| A. | do not incite a paracortical reaction |
| B. | result from repetitive stresses or abnormal axial loading |
| Answer» F. | |
| 8. |
Smoking is associated with all the following diseases EXCEPT |
| A. | spontaneous abortion |
| B. | atherosclerosis |
| C. | bladder carcinoma |
| D. | chronic liver disease |
| Answer» E. | |
| 9. |
Regarding the changes to myocardium after MI |
| A. | pallor at 24 hours |
| B. | wavy fibres are found centrally |
| C. | decreased contractility after 5 minutes |
| D. | liquefactive necrosis is typical |
| E. | sarcoplasm is resorbed by leukocytes |
| Answer» B. wavy fibres are found centrally | |
| 10. |
Smoking is associated with |
| A. | particle deposition in alveolar macrophages |
| Answer» E. | |
| 11. |
In pulmonary tuberculosis |
| A. | the Ghon complex is a parenchymal peri-hilar lesion |
| B. | bacilli establish themselves in sites of low oxygen tension |
| C. | liquefactive necrosis precedes granuloma formation |
| D. | Langhans cells occur in coalescent granulomas |
| E. | Primary TB causes more damage to lungs than secondary TB |
| Answer» E. Primary TB causes more damage to lungs than secondary TB | |
| 12. |
The commonest site of primary TB lesion in lung is |
| A. | apex |
| B. | base |
| C. | hilum |
| D. | lower zone of upper lobe |
| E. | peripherally |
| Answer» F. | |
| 13. |
In atherosclerosis the cells at the centre of the plaque are |
| A. | macrophages |
| B. | foam cells |
| C. | leukocytes |
| D. | smooth muscle cells |
| Answer» C. leukocytes | |
| 14. |
In compensated cardiac hypertrophy changes include |
| A. | diffuse fibrosis |
| B. | hyperplasia |
| C. | decreased sarcomeres |
| D. | increased capillary density |
| E. | increased capillary/myocyte ratio |
| Answer» B. hyperplasia | |
| 15. |
All of the following are major risk factors for atherosclerosis EXCEPT |
| A. | obesity |
| B. | hyperlipidemia |
| C. | smoking |
| D. | hypertension |
| E. | diabetes |
| Answer» B. hyperlipidemia | |
| 16. |
Endocarditis in IV drug abusers typically |
| A. | involves the mitral valve |
| B. | is caused by candida albicans |
| C. | does not cause fever |
| D. | has a better prognosis than other types of endocarditis |
| E. | is caused by staph aureus |
| Answer» F. | |
| 17. |
The commonest cause of fungal endocarditis is |
| A. | actinomycosis |
| B. | as |
| C. | as |
| D. | candida |
| E. | blatomycosis |
| Answer» E. blatomycosis | |
| 18. |
After occlusion of a coronary artery |
| A. | the ischaemia is most pronounced in the epicardial region |
| B. | loss of contractility only occurs when ultra structural changes in the myocyte are present |
| C. | reperfusion of the ischaemic area can result in new cellular damage, due to the generation of oxygen free radicals |
| D. | Q waves on the ECG are diagnostic of transmural infarction |
| E. | none of the above are true |
| Answer» D. Q waves on the ECG are diagnostic of transmural infarction | |
| 19. |
Which of the following tumour is benign |
| A. | chondrosarcoma |
| B. | osteochondroma |
| C. | chondroblastoma |
| D. | Ewing s tumour |
| E. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. chondroblastoma | |
| 20. |
All of the following are precancerous except |
| A. | Chronic gastritis of pernicious anaemia |
| B. | Solar keratosis |
| C. | Crohn s disease |
| D. | Leukoplakia |
| E. | Chronic ulcerative colitis |
| Answer» D. Leukoplakia | |
| 21. |
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| A. | has a female : male gender ratio of 2:1 |
| B. | is characterised by antinuclear antibodies (ANAs) |
| C. | rarely involves the kidney |
| D. | is associated with a seronegative arthropathy causing marked joint erosion |
| E. | is commonly fulminant with death in weeks to months |
| Answer» C. rarely involves the kidney | |
| 22. |
Platelets |
| A. | have a normal concentration range in peripheral blood of 80-100 x 103/mm3 |
| B. | are important in haemostasis only |
| C. | remain viable in stored blood for 24 hours only |
| D. | normally are removed from the circulation almost entirely by the spleen |
| E. | have an average lifespan of average 20 days |
| Answer» D. normally are removed from the circulation almost entirely by the spleen | |
| 23. |
Infective endocarditis |
| A. | in the acute form, is most commonly caused by streptococci |
| B. | involves abnormal valves in most acute cases |
| C. | is confirmed by positive blood cultures in less than 50% of cases |
| D. | may cause splenic infarction |
| E. | may cause MacCallum s plaques to form on affected valves |
| Answer» E. may cause MacCallum s plaques to form on affected valves | |
| 24. |
Cor Pulmonale may be caused by |
| A. | congenital heart disease |
| B. | mitral stenosis |
| C. | left ventricular failure |
| D. | primary pulmonary hypertension |
| E. | aortic regurgitation |
| Answer» E. aortic regurgitation | |
| 25. |
In normal haemostasis |
| A. | Factor V inhibits thrombosis |
| B. | Alpha 2 microglobulin is antithrombotic |
| C. | PGI2 favours platelet aggregation |
| D. | Platelet aggregation is inhibited by von Willebrand factor |
| E. | Tissue plasminogen activator is responsible for prothrombotic events |
| Answer» C. PGI2 favours platelet aggregation | |
| 26. |
Removal of sutures from a wound at day 7 coincides with a wound strength of |
| A. | 1% of unwounded skin strength |
| B. | 10% of unwounded skin strength |
| C. | 50% of unwounded skin strength |
| D. | 75% of unwounded skin strength |
| E. | 100%, ie. same as unwounded skin |
| Answer» C. 50% of unwounded skin strength | |
| 27. |
The immediate lethal dose of radiation exposure for humans in a non-mass casualty situation is |
| A. | 50 rads |
| B. | 150 rads |
| C. | 250 rads |
| D. | 350 rads |
| E. | 450 rads |
| Answer» F. | |
| 28. |
Normal endothelial cells decrease platelet aggregation by secreting |
| A. | Interleukin 1 |
| B. | von Willebrand factor |
| C. | Prostacyclin |
| D. | Factor V |
| E. | Thromboplastin |
| Answer» D. Factor V | |
| 29. |
Metaplasia is seen in all of the following except |
| A. | respiratory epithelium of cigarette smokers |
| B. | vitamin A excess |
| C. | Barrett s oesophagitis |
| D. | epithelium of a pancreatic duct containing stones |
| E. | foci of cell injury |
| Answer» C. Barrett s oesophagitis | |
| 30. |
Transplant rejection involves |
| A. | Type IV hypersensitivity only |
| B. | Type IV and III hypersensitivity only |
| C. | Type IV, III and II hypersensitivity only |
| D. | Type IV and II hypersensitivity only |
| E. | Type II and III hypersensitivity only |
| Answer» D. Type IV and II hypersensitivity only | |
| 31. |
Interleukin 1 causes |
| A. | Neutropaenia |
| B. | Decreased sleep |
| C. | Decreased prostaglandin synthesis |
| D. | Increased collagen synthesis |
| E. | Decreased leukocyte adherence |
| Answer» E. Decreased leukocyte adherence | |
| 32. |
Hyperplasia |
| A. | Occurs after partial hepatectomy |
| B. | Refers to an increase in the size of cells |
| C. | Is always a pathologic process |
| D. | Often occurs in cardiac and skeletal muscle |
| E. | Usually progresses to cancerous proliferation |
| Answer» B. Refers to an increase in the size of cells | |
| 33. |
Metaplasia |
| A. | Is irreversible |
| B. | Is commonly a change from squamous to columnar epithelium |
| C. | An example is the transformation of epithelial cells into chondroblasts to produce cartilage |
| D. | Retinoids may play a role |
| E. | Even if the stimuli is persistent, it is a benign lesion |
| Answer» E. Even if the stimuli is persistent, it is a benign lesion | |
| 34. |
Metastatic calcification |
| A. | Causes widespread tissue damage |
| B. | Occurs with normal calcium levels |
| C. | Can be caused by systemic sarcoidosis |
| D. | Occurs in hypothyroidism |
| E. | Is caused by drinking large quantities of milk |
| Answer» D. Occurs in hypothyroidism | |
| 35. |
With regard to MI |
| A. | gross necrotic changes are present within 3-5 hours |
| B. | irreversible cell injury occurs in less than 10 minutes |
| C. | fibrotic scarring is completed in less than 2 weeks |
| D. | death occurs in 20 % of cases in less than 2 hours |
| E. | is most commonly caused by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery |
| Answer» E. is most commonly caused by occlusion of the left circumflex coronary artery | |
| 36. |
An infectious complication of transfusion |
| A. | Is most commonly Hepatitis C |
| B. | Is most commonly Hepatitis B |
| C. | Is rarely transmission of HIV since screening was instituted |
| D. | Never includes gonorrhoea or malaria |
| E. | Can be clinically apparent mononucleosis in about 7% of cases |
| Answer» B. Is most commonly Hepatitis B | |
| 37. |
Shock results in |
| A. | decreased capillary hydrostatic pressure |
| Answer» E. | |
| 38. |
Thrombus formation is inhibited by |
| A. | Von Willebrands factor |
| B. | IL-1 |
| C. | Alpha 2 macroglobulin |
| D. | TNF |
| E. | Endothelial cell injury |
| Answer» D. TNF | |
| 39. |
Acute appendicitis |
| A. | In preschool children, it usually presents with the so-called classic signs and symptoms |
| B. | It is associated with appendiceal obstruction in 10% of cases |
| C. | Histologically, it shows neutrophilic infiltration of the muscularis layer |
| D. | The clinical diagnosis is falsely positive in about 50% of cases |
| E. | It cannot cause liver abscesses |
| Answer» D. The clinical diagnosis is falsely positive in about 50% of cases | |
| 40. |
Pneumocystis carinii |
| A. | Produces pneumocystis pneumonia in normal persons |
| B. | Causes a Ghon s focus in the lung |
| C. | Causes patchy atelectasis |
| D. | Is a fungus |
| E. | Attaches selectively to Type II alveolar cells |
| Answer» E. Attaches selectively to Type II alveolar cells | |
| 41. |
Congestive cardiac failure may be caused by |
| A. | vitamin A deficiency |
| B. | niacin deficiency |
| C. | vitamin D deficiency |
| D. | thiamine deficiency |
| E. | vitamin C deficiency |
| Answer» E. vitamin C deficiency | |
| 42. |
Acute endocarditis |
| A. | has a less than 20 % mortality |
| B. | is caused by virulent micro-organisms |
| C. | 30 % is caused bacteria |
| Answer» C. 30 % is caused bacteria | |
| 43. |
Thromboctopenia |
| A. | occurs commonly in HIV |
| B. | causes spontaneous bleeding at levels of less than 90,000/mm |
| C. | occurs with hyposplenism |
| D. | is related to platelet survival in paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria |
| E. | is not associated with megaloblastic anaemia |
| Answer» B. causes spontaneous bleeding at levels of less than 90,000/mm | |
| 44. |
Patient who has a normal blood pressure post MI must have |
| A. | increased cardiac output |
| B. | increased systolic filling pressure |
| C. | increased right atrial pressure |
| Answer» C. increased right atrial pressure | |
| 45. |
A young man presents with central chest pain presumed to be associated with vasoconstriction. The most likely cause of the pain is local |
| A. | hypoxia |
| B. | decreased ATP |
| C. | increased CO2 |
| D. | catecholamines acting on alpha 1 receptors |
| E. | acetylcholine stimulation |
| Answer» B. decreased ATP | |
| 46. |
An adult male with an ejection fraction of 80 % could be due to |
| A. | myocardial ischaemia |
| B. | arrhythmia |
| C. | thiamine deficiency |
| Answer» D. | |
| 47. |
Malignant hypertension |
| A. | 75 % recover with no loss of renal function |
| B. | is associated with abnormal renin levels |
| C. | affects 1 to 5 % of sufferers |
| Answer» F. | |
| 48. |
The cause of fluid retention peripherally with congestive cardiac failure is |
| A. | increased renin |
| B. | increased GFR |
| C. | increased angiotensin 2 |
| D. | increased aldosterone |
| Answer» E. | |
| 49. |
Rheumatic carditis is associated with |
| A. | Curschmann spirals |
| B. | Ito cells |
| C. | Aschoff bodies |
| D. | Nutmeg cells |
| E. | Reed-sternberg cells |
| Answer» D. Nutmeg cells | |
| 50. |
Bradykinin |
| A. | causes smooth muscle dilatation |
| B. | kallikrein causes prohormone degredation to produce bradykinin |
| Answer» C. | |