While propagating through homogeneous, isotropic media,

directions of both the fields are orthogonal

both the fields are at right angles to the direction of propagation.

Critical angle of electromagnetic radiation takes place if

angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction

angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction

angle of incidence is equal to 90¬∞

angle of refraction is equal to 90¬∞

Fresh and pure snow reflectance

falls off steeply in the near-IR region

remains low for longer wave lengths

Due to scan geometery of a satellite sensor:

the off-nadir resolution is degraded

the ground distance swept by the senor, IFOV is proportional to sec2Œ∏, where Œ∏ is the angle of scan measured from the nadir

the details towards the edge of the scan get compressed

In case of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic radiation,

angle of refraction = sum of the angles of incidence and refraction

angle of incidence = angle of refraction

angle of incidence = angle of reflection

angle of refraction = sum of the angles of incidence and refraction

For accurate position fix, the three satellites:

must be such that one satellite is overhead of the receiver and other two widely separated

must be in vertical line above the receiver

must be widely separated and well distributed

must be such that one satellite is overhead of the receiver and other two widely separated

Who coined the term, 'Remote sensing'.

Gaspard Felix Tournachon, a French scientist

Wilbur Wright, an Italian sciencist

Geodimeter is based on :

propogation of infrared radiation

propogation of modulated light waves

propogation of infrared radiation

the visible light as carrier with frequency of the order of 5 x 1014Hz

In which part of the reflective optical infrared region, the effect of multiple leaves in vegetation canopy is maximum ?

The visible (0.4 - 0.7 Œºm) region

The near-IR (0.7 - 1.3 Œºm) region

The visible (0.4 - 0.7 Œºm) region

The short wave IR (1.3 - 2.7 Œºm) region

Which one of the following statements is correct to remote sensing?

The basic property used to identify objects, is called signature.

The ratio of the reflected flux to incident flux is called reflectance which varies fron 0 to 1

The surface from which emergent radiance is constant in all directions is called Lambertian surface.

The energy transported by the electromagnetic wave is proportional to :

the cube of the altitude of the wave

the square of the altitude of the wave

the cube of the altitude of the wave

the square roof of the amplitude

The remote sensing techniques applied for the earth's surface features, is generally confined to the following wave lengths :

0.4 to 1.3, 1.5 to 1.8, 2.2 to 2.6 Œºm

2.2 to 2.6, 3.0 to 3.6, 4.2 to 5.0 Œºm

4.2 to 5.0, 7.0 to 15.0 Œºm and 1 cm to 30 cm

Which one the following is a correct statement?

The vertical section of the soil extending into the parent material, is called profile

The layers of the soil parallel to the earth surface, are called horizons.

The transitional layer between two adjoining horizons, is called boundary.

A passive sensor uses :

flash light as a source of energy

The reflection of solar energy is characterised by the water content in the leaf, in the reflective optical infrared:

visible (0.4 - 0.7 Œºm) region

near-IR (0.7 - 1.3 Œºm) region

short wave-IR (1.3 - 2.7 Œºm) region

The coherence length over which there is a strong relationship between amplitudes is;

directly proportional to the bandwidth

inversely proportional to the bandwidth

are the first link in all the aquatic and marine food chains

convert solar energy, dissolved carbon and nitrogen into organic biomass

228 + Mcqs in Elements Of Remote Sensing in Civil Engineering Page 4 McqOptions

151.	The maximum sun's radiation occurs around:
A.	0.4 Œºm wave length
B.	0.55 Œº wave length
C.	0.7 Œº wave length
D.	None of these
Answer» C. 0.7 Œº wave length

Discussion

152.	While propagating through homogeneous, isotropic media,
A.	directions of both the fields are orthogonal
B.	both the fields are at right angles to the direction of propagation.
C.	both (a) and (b)
D.	niether (a) nor (b)
Answer» D. niether (a) nor (b)

Discussion

153.	For C band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Doppler band width of 1300 Hz, the coherence length lcoh is:
A.	130 km
B.	230 km
C.	250 km
D.	500 km
Answer» C. 250 km

Discussion

154.	The maximum absorption of solar radiation due to ozone occurs at wave lengths:
A.	shorter than 0.3 Œºm
B.	shorter than 0.2 Œºm
C.	greater than 0.3 Œºm
D.	None of these
Answer» B. shorter than 0.2 Œºm

Discussion

155.	The information system is the chain of the following operations, 1. Collection of data2. Planning the observations3. Analysis of data4. Decision making process Which one of the chains is correct ?
A.	4, 1, 2, 3
B.	2, 1, 3, 4
C.	3, 2, 1, 4
D.	1, 3, 4, 2
Answer» C. 3, 2, 1, 4

Discussion

156.	Snow albedo is affected by :
A.	wave length
B.	grain size
C.	solar zenith angle
D.	snow pack thickness
Answer» E.

Discussion

157.	Polarising angle (i) and refractive index (Œº) of the reflecting surface are related by:
A.	sin i = Œº
B.	cos i = Œº
C.	tan i = Œº
Answer» D.

Discussion

158.	Which one of the following frequencies is a GPS ?
A.	L1 with frequency 1520 MHz
B.	L1 with frequency 1575.42 MHz
C.	L1 with frequency 1227.6 MHz
D.	L1 with frequency 1280.43 Hz
Answer» C. L1 with frequency 1227.6 MHz

Discussion

159.	Assuming n as the frequency of radiation, n0 as the threshold frequency and k as a constant, the energy of the photo-electrons (E) is related as
A.	E = k (n - n0)
B.	E = k (n + n0)
C.	E = k (n x n0)
Answer» B. E = k (n + n0)

Discussion

160.	For interpolation of satellite data used for monitoring dynamic changes that occure on the earth surface, the most suitable orbit for the satellite is :
A.	circular orbit
B.	sun-synchronous orbit
C.	near polar orbit
D.	None of these
Answer» C. near polar orbit

Discussion

161.	Critical angle of electromagnetic radiation takes place if
A.	angle of incidence is equal to angle of refraction
B.	angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
C.	angle of incidence is equal to 90¬∞
D.	angle of refraction is equal to 90¬∞
Answer» E.

Discussion

162.	The infrared portion of EMR lies between
A.	0.4 - 0.7 Œºm
B.	0.5 mm to lm
C.	0.7 - 1.3 Œºm
D.	0.7 to 14 Œºm
Answer» E.

Discussion

163.	Fresh and pure snow reflectance
A.	is very high in visible region
B.	falls off steeply in the near-IR region
C.	remains low for longer wave lengths
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

164.	Which one of the following attributes is not associated with digital maps
A.	colour
B.	symbology
C.	legends
D.	south arrow
Answer» E.

Discussion

165.	Due to scan geometery of a satellite sensor:
A.	the off-nadir resolution is degraded
B.	the ground distance swept by the senor, IFOV is proportional to sec2Œ∏, where Œ∏ is the angle of scan measured from the nadir
C.	the details towards the edge of the scan get compressed
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

166.	The altitudinal distance of a geostationary satelite from the earth is about:
A.	26, 000 km
B.	30, 000 km
C.	36, 000 km
D.	44, 000 km
Answer» D. 44, 000 km

Discussion

167.	In case of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic radiation,
A.	angle of incidence = angle of refraction
B.	angle of incidence = angle of reflection
C.	angle of refraction = sum of the angles of incidence and refraction
D.	All the above
Answer» C. angle of refraction = sum of the angles of incidence and refraction

Discussion

168.	For accurate position fix, the three satellites:
A.	must be along a common arc
B.	must be in vertical line above the receiver
C.	must be widely separated and well distributed
D.	must be such that one satellite is overhead of the receiver and other two widely separated
Answer» D. must be such that one satellite is overhead of the receiver and other two widely separated

Discussion

169.	'A time varrying electric field produces a magnetic field.' This phenemenon is called:
A.	Hertz's law
B.	Ampere Maxwell's law
C.	Faraday's law
D.	Kirchoff s law
Answer» C. Faraday's law

Discussion

170.	Who coined the term, 'Remote sensing'.
A.	Evelyn L. Pruitt, a geographer
B.	Gaspard Felix Tournachon, a French scientist
C.	Wilbur Wright, an Italian sciencist
D.	None of these
Answer» B. Gaspard Felix Tournachon, a French scientist

Discussion

171.	The GPS space segment consists of Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging whose number is :
A.	8
B.	12
C.	16
D.	24
Answer» E.

Discussion

172.	Which one of the following factors does not affect the scale of the air photographs :
A.	focal length
B.	flying height
C.	ground elevation
D.	None of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

173.	Geodimeter is based on :
A.	propogation of modulated light waves
B.	propogation of infrared radiation
C.	the visible light as carrier with frequency of the order of 5 x 1014Hz
D.	high frequency radio waves.
Answer» B. propogation of infrared radiation

Discussion

174.	In which part of the reflective optical infrared region, the effect of multiple leaves in vegetation canopy is maximum ?
A.	The near-IR (0.7 - 1.3 Œºm) region
B.	The visible (0.4 - 0.7 Œºm) region
C.	The short wave IR (1.3 - 2.7 Œºm) region
D.	In all the above region
Answer» B. The visible (0.4 - 0.7 Œºm) region

Discussion

175.	In GPS, receivers are used are ;
A.	electronic clocks
B.	atomic clocks
C.	quartz clocks
D.	mechanical clocks
Answer» D. mechanical clocks

Discussion

176.	Which one of the following geometric errors of satellite sensors is random ?
A.	scan skew
B.	panoramic distortion
C.	earth rotation
D.	altitude variation
Answer» E.

Discussion

177.	Which one of the following statements is correct to remote sensing?
A.	The basic property used to identify objects, is called signature.
B.	The ratio of the reflected flux to incident flux is called reflectance which varies fron 0 to 1
C.	The surface from which emergent radiance is constant in all directions is called Lambertian surface.
D.	All of these.
Answer» E.

Discussion

178.	The energy transported by the electromagnetic wave is proportional to :
A.	the altitude of the wave
B.	the square of the altitude of the wave
C.	the cube of the altitude of the wave
D.	the square roof of the amplitude
Answer» C. the cube of the altitude of the wave

Discussion

179.	The remote sensing techniques applied for the earth's surface features, is generally confined to the following wave lengths :
A.	0.4 to 1.3, 1.5 to 1.8, 2.2 to 2.6 Œºm
B.	2.2 to 2.6, 3.0 to 3.6, 4.2 to 5.0 Œºm
C.	4.2 to 5.0, 7.0 to 15.0 Œºm and 1 cm to 30 cm
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

180.	Which one the following is a correct statement?
A.	The vertical section of the soil extending into the parent material, is called profile
B.	The layers of the soil parallel to the earth surface, are called horizons.
C.	The transitional layer between two adjoining horizons, is called boundary.
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

181.	The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation produced with a specific wave length to illuminate a target on the terrain for studying its scattered radiance, is called:
A.	passive remote sensing
B.	active remote sensing
C.	neutral remote sensing
D.	None of these
Answer» C. neutral remote sensing

Discussion

182.	A passive sensor uses :
A.	sun as the source of energy
B.	flash light as a source of energy
C.	its own source of energy
D.	None of these
Answer» B. flash light as a source of energy

Discussion

183.	Which one of the following helps to identify the objects on the earth surface ?
A.	atmospheric window
B.	signature
C.	radiometric error
D.	None of these
Answer» C. radiometric error

Discussion

184.	Due to pertubation of the orbit, satellite orbit parameters are frequently updated on measurements carried out by its
A.	six ground stations
B.	five ground stations
C.	four ground stations
D.	three ground stations
Answer» C. four ground stations

Discussion

185.	The reflection of solar energy is characterised by the water content in the leaf, in the reflective optical infrared:
A.	visible (0.4 - 0.7 Œºm) region
B.	near-IR (0.7 - 1.3 Œºm) region
C.	short wave-IR (1.3 - 2.7 Œºm) region
D.	None of these
Answer» D. None of these

Discussion

186.	The coherence length over which there is a strong relationship between amplitudes is;
A.	directly proportional to the bandwidth
B.	inversely proportional to the bandwidth
C.	the square of the bandwidth
D.	none of these
Answer» C. the square of the bandwidth

Discussion

187.	"All bodies at temperatures above absolute zero degree emit electromagnetic radiation at different wave length", is known as:
A.	Plank's law
B.	Planktan's law
C.	Lambert's cosine law
D.	None of these
Answer» B. Planktan's law

Discussion

188.	Which one of the following quantities forms the basis of radiometery?
A.	Radiant energy (Q)
B.	Radiant flux (œÜ)
C.	Radiant intensity (I)
D.	Radiance (L)
Answer» E.

Discussion

189.	In sun light, water rich in phytoplanktons appears :
A.	red
B.	green
C.	brown
D.	blue
Answer» C. brown

Discussion

190.	The phase difference of the waves 1 and 2 at A in the given figure is :
A.	œÄ/4
B.	œÄ/2
C.	œÄ
D.	3œÄ/2
Answer» C. œÄ

Discussion

191.	The normal altitude of GPS satellite is about
A.	16, 200 km
B.	20, 200 km
C.	24, 400 km
D.	36, 100 km
Answer» C. 24, 400 km

Discussion

192.	Phytoplanktons :
A.	are microscopic plants
B.	are the first link in all the aquatic and marine food chains
C.	convert solar energy, dissolved carbon and nitrogen into organic biomass
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

193.	The changes in the reflectivity/emis-sivity with time, is called :
A.	spectral variation
B.	spatial variation
C.	temporal variation
D.	None of these
Answer» D. None of these

Discussion

194.	The spectral region of the electromagnetic radiation which passes through the atmosphere without much attenuation is known as:
A.	ozone hole
B.	atmospheric window
C.	ozone window
D.	black hole
Answer» C. ozone window

Discussion

195.	Depending upon the nature of the targeted object and the wave length of the electromagnetic radiation incident on it, the radiation gets :
A.	reflected
B.	absorbed
C.	re-radiated
D.	transmitted through
Answer» E.

Discussion

196.	Formation of snow occurs if the cloud temperature is
A.	just above the freezing point
B.	at the freezing point
C.	below the freezing point
D.	None of these
Answer» D. None of these

Discussion

197.	Which one of the following errors is produced by platform characteristics of the sensor ?
A.	altitude variation
B.	altitude
C.	orbit drift
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

198.	Orbital radius of GPS satellites is approximately:
A.	15,200 km
B.	26,600 km
C.	18,400 km
D.	36,000 km
Answer» C. 18,400 km

Discussion

199.	The various stages of formation of snow are listed below :1. Formation of ice crystals2. Formation of snow pallets3. Formation of snow flakes4. Formationof snow crystals5. Formation of rimed crystalsWhich one of the following sequences is correct ?
A.	3 2 5 1 4
B.	5 3 1 2 4
C.	1 4 3 5 2
D.	1 3 4 2 5
Answer» D. 1 3 4 2 5

Discussion

200.	The instruments which provide electromagnetic radiation of specified wave length or a band of wave lengths to illuminate the earth surface, are called :
A.	sensonrs
B.	passive sensors
C.	active sensors
D.	None of these
Answer» D. None of these

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Civil Engineering.

The maximum sun's radiation occurs around:

While propagating through homogeneous, isotropic media,

For C band Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) with Doppler band width of 1300 Hz, the coherence length lcoh is:

The maximum absorption of solar radiation due to ozone occurs at wave lengths:

The information system is the chain of the following operations, 1. Collection of data2. Planning the observations3. Analysis of data4. Decision making process Which one of the chains is correct ?

Snow albedo is affected by :

Polarising angle (i) and refractive index (Œº) of the reflecting surface are related by:

Which one of the following frequencies is a GPS ?

Assuming n as the frequency of radiation, n0 as the threshold frequency and k as a constant, the energy of the photo-electrons (E) is related as

For interpolation of satellite data used for monitoring dynamic changes that occure on the earth surface, the most suitable orbit for the satellite is :

Critical angle of electromagnetic radiation takes place if

The infrared portion of EMR lies between

Fresh and pure snow reflectance

Which one of the following attributes is not associated with digital maps

Due to scan geometery of a satellite sensor:

The altitudinal distance of a geostationary satelite from the earth is about:

In case of reflection and refraction of electromagnetic radiation,

For accurate position fix, the three satellites:

'A time varrying electric field produces a magnetic field.' This phenemenon is called:

Who coined the term, 'Remote sensing'.

The GPS space segment consists of Navigation Satellite Timing and Ranging whose number is :

Which one of the following factors does not affect the scale of the air photographs :

Geodimeter is based on :

In which part of the reflective optical infrared region, the effect of multiple leaves in vegetation canopy is maximum ?

In GPS, receivers are used are ;

Which one of the following geometric errors of satellite sensors is random ?

Which one of the following statements is correct to remote sensing?

The energy transported by the electromagnetic wave is proportional to :

The remote sensing techniques applied for the earth's surface features, is generally confined to the following wave lengths :

Which one the following is a correct statement?

The interaction of the electromagnetic radiation produced with a specific wave length to illuminate a target on the terrain for studying its scattered radiance, is called:

A passive sensor uses :

Which one of the following helps to identify the objects on the earth surface ?

Due to pertubation of the orbit, satellite orbit parameters are frequently updated on measurements carried out by its

The reflection of solar energy is characterised by the water content in the leaf, in the reflective optical infrared:

The coherence length over which there is a strong relationship between amplitudes is;

"All bodies at temperatures above absolute zero degree emit electromagnetic radiation at different wave length", is known as:

Which one of the following quantities forms the basis of radiometery?

In sun light, water rich in phytoplanktons appears :

The phase difference of the waves 1 and 2 at A in the given figure is :

The normal altitude of GPS satellite is about

Phytoplanktons :

The changes in the reflectivity/emis-sivity with time, is called :

The spectral region of the electromagnetic radiation which passes through the atmosphere without much attenuation is known as:

Depending upon the nature of the targeted object and the wave length of the electromagnetic radiation incident on it, the radiation gets :

Formation of snow occurs if the cloud temperature is

Which one of the following errors is produced by platform characteristics of the sensor ?

Orbital radius of GPS satellites is approximately:

The various stages of formation of snow are listed below :1. Formation of ice crystals2. Formation of snow pallets3. Formation of snow flakes4. Formationof snow crystals5. Formation of rimed crystalsWhich one of the following sequences is correct ?

The instruments which provide electromagnetic radiation of specified wave length or a band of wave lengths to illuminate the earth surface, are called :