MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 52 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Bachelor of Science in Counselling Psychology (BSc Counselling Psychology) knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
An organized system of assumptions and principles that purports to explain a specialized set of phenomena and their interrelations is referred as ____________ |
| A. | theory |
| B. | hypothesis |
| C. | definition |
| D. | skepticism |
| Answer» C. definition | |
| 2. |
The ____________ perspective deals with unconscious dynamics within the individual, such as inner forces, conflicts, or instinctual energy. |
| A. | biological |
| B. | ecological |
| C. | ethological |
| D. | psychodynamic |
| Answer» E. | |
| 3. |
A ________________ study is a detailed description of a particular individual, based on careful observation or on formal psychological testing. |
| A. | observational |
| B. | experimental |
| C. | field |
| D. | case |
| Answer» E. | |
| 4. |
The smallest difference in stimulation that can be reliably detected by an observer when two stimuli are compared, is ____________________ |
| A. | absolute threshold |
| B. | sensation |
| C. | perception |
| D. | difference threshold |
| Answer» E. | |
| 5. |
The accurate perception of objects as stable or unchanged despite changes in the sensory patterns they produce, is ____________________ |
| A. | convergence |
| B. | retinal disparity |
| C. | monocular cues |
| D. | perceptual constancy |
| Answer» E. | |
| 6. |
When a dog learns to salivate only to a bell and not to a buzzer, the process that has taken place is called ______________ |
| A. | extinction |
| B. | conditioning |
| C. | discrimination |
| D. | generalization |
| Answer» D. generalization | |
| 7. |
The process by which an organism learn to make a particular response to a specific stimulus and to no other stimulus is____________________ |
| A. | stimulus generalization |
| B. | response discrimination |
| C. | stimulus discrimination |
| D. | response generalization |
| Answer» D. response generalization | |
| 8. |
_______________ is a branch of biology that studies the functions and parts of living organisms, including humans. |
| A. | physiology |
| B. | neurology |
| C. | psychiatry |
| D. | neuroscience |
| Answer» B. neurology | |
| 9. |
The first working research laboratory in psychology was established at the University of Leipzig in __________ year. |
| A. | 1879 |
| B. | 1869 |
| C. | 1989 |
| D. | 1889 |
| Answer» B. 1869 | |
| 10. |
__________________ was an American Psychologist who established the first psychology research laboratory in the United States and founded the American Psychological Association. |
| A. | g. stanley hall |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | william james |
| D. | wilhelm wundt |
| Answer» B. edward titchener | |
| 11. |
The Austrian physician who emphasized unconscious processes rather than overt observable behavior was ________________. |
| A. | sigmund freud |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | william james |
| D. | wilhelm wundt |
| Answer» B. edward titchener | |
| 12. |
___________________ focus was on the scientific study of observable behavior that could be objectively measured and verified. |
| A. | psychoanalysis s |
| B. | structuralism s |
| C. | functionalism s |
| D. | behaviorism s |
| Answer» E. | |
| 13. |
The school of psychology that emphasizes conscious experiences, including each person s unique potential for psychological growth and self-direction, is __________________ psychology. |
| A. | behaviorism |
| B. | structuralism |
| C. | humanistic |
| D. | gestalt psychology |
| Answer» D. gestalt psychology | |
| 14. |
Another humanistic psychologist who developed a theory of motivation that emphasizes personal growth was _______________. |
| A. | max wertheimer |
| B. | edward titchener |
| C. | abraham maslow |
| D. | carl rogers |
| Answer» D. carl rogers | |
| 15. |
A collection of structures in the telecephalon, concerned with the control of emotional reactivity, is referred as____________________ |
| A. | neocortex |
| B. | cortex |
| C. | limbic system |
| D. | brain stem |
| Answer» D. brain stem | |
| 16. |
Psychologists who study the diversity of human behavior in different cultural settings and countries are called _______________ psychologists. |
| A. | cultural |
| B. | cross-cultural |
| C. | ethnic |
| D. | cognitive |
| Answer» C. ethnic | |
| 17. |
___________________ is a specialty area that helps develop the instructional methods and materials used to train people in both educational and work settings and studies how people of all ages learn. |
| A. | school psychology |
| B. | educational psychology |
| C. | industrial psychology |
| D. | developmental psychology |
| Answer» C. industrial psychology | |
| 18. |
________________ involves the presentation or addition of a reinforcing stimulus following an operant. |
| A. | positive reinforcement |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | continuous reinforcement |
| D. | partial reinforcement |
| Answer» B. negative reinforcement | |
| 19. |
_______________ is a point of view or general framework that reflects the emphasis a psychologist may take in investigating psychological topics. |
| A. | theory |
| B. | statement |
| C. | perspective |
| D. | analysis |
| Answer» D. analysis | |
| 20. |
______________ focuses on designing programs that promote the intellectual, social, and emotional development of children, including those with special needs. |
| A. | school psychology |
| B. | educational psychology |
| C. | personality psychology |
| D. | developmental psychology |
| Answer» B. educational psychology | |
| 21. |
Once a researcher has identified a question or issue to be investigated, it must be posed in the form of a _____________ that can be tested empirically. |
| A. | problem |
| B. | methodology |
| C. | theory |
| D. | hypothesis |
| Answer» E. | |
| 22. |
A tentative explanation that tries to account for the diverse findings on the same topic is called a ______________ or a model. |
| A. | problem |
| B. | method |
| C. | theory |
| D. | hypothesis |
| Answer» D. hypothesis | |
| 23. |
Factors that can change or vary and are capable of being observed, measured, and verified are called ____________. |
| A. | statistics |
| B. | variables |
| C. | theory |
| D. | hypothesis |
| Answer» C. theory | |
| 24. |
Naturalistic observation, surveys, case studies, and correlational studies are commonly used ______________ methods. |
| A. | descriptive |
| B. | experimental |
| C. | operational |
| D. | quantitative |
| Answer» B. experimental | |
| 25. |
Even experiments conducted in natural settings have disadvantages, such as a ___________ in experimental control. |
| A. | increase |
| B. | decrease |
| C. | difference |
| D. | varying |
| Answer» C. difference | |
| 26. |
__________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally demonstrated the involvement of cognitive processes in classical conditioning. |
| A. | robert .a. rescorla b. |
| B. | f.skinner c. edward . |
| C. | tolman |
| D. | albert bandura |
| Answer» B. f.skinner c. edward . | |
| 27. |
_________________ is a statistical technique that involves combining and analyzing the results of many research studies on a specific topic in order to identify overall trends. |
| A. | correlation |
| B. | regression |
| C. | meta-analysis |
| D. | content-analysis |
| Answer» D. content-analysis | |
| 28. |
_________________ is an experimental technique in which the researchers, but not the subjects, are aware of the critical information about the experiment. |
| A. | single-blind |
| B. | double-blind |
| C. | ethnography |
| D. | field study |
| Answer» B. double-blind | |
| 29. |
The ________________ variable in an experiment is purposely manipulated in order to effect a change in other variable. |
| A. | dependent |
| B. | independent |
| C. | extraneous |
| D. | control |
| Answer» C. extraneous | |
| 30. |
___________________ is the tendency to use your own culture as the standard for judging other cultures. |
| A. | cross-cultures |
| B. | ethnocentrism |
| C. | culturism |
| D. | pseudo- cultures |
| Answer» C. culturism | |
| 31. |
_____________ is an intensive, in-depth investigation of an individual and can involve compiling data from a wide variety of different sources. |
| A. | observation |
| B. | survey |
| C. | case-study |
| D. | questionnaire |
| Answer» D. questionnaire | |
| 32. |
________________ refers to the presentation of an event or stimulus following a behavior that acts to decrease the likelihood of the behavior being repeated. |
| A. | positive reinforcement |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | punishment |
| D. | partial reinforcement |
| Answer» D. partial reinforcement | |
| 33. |
____________________ is the application of learning principles to help people develop more effective or adaptive behaviors. |
| A. | defense mechanism |
| B. | behavior modification |
| C. | positive reinforcement |
| D. | adaptation |
| Answer» C. positive reinforcement | |
| 34. |
_________________ is Skinner s term for an actively emitted behavior that operates on the environment to produce consequences. |
| A. | classical |
| B. | reinforce |
| C. | operant |
| D. | punishment |
| Answer» D. punishment | |
| 35. |
_________________ is the operant conditioning procedure of selectively reinforcing successively closer approximations of a goal behavior until the goal behavior is displayed. |
| A. | modeling |
| B. | shaping |
| C. | sublimation |
| D. | reinforcing |
| Answer» C. sublimation | |
| 36. |
A ________________ reinforcer is a stimulus or event that is naturally or inherently reinforcing for a given species, such as food, water, or other biological necessities. |
| A. | positive |
| B. | negative |
| C. | primary |
| D. | secondary |
| Answer» D. secondary | |
| 37. |
________________ is the basic learning process that involves changing the probability of a response being repeated by manipulating the consequences of that response. |
| A. | classical conditioning |
| B. | defense mechanism |
| C. | operant conditioning |
| D. | punishment |
| Answer» D. punishment | |
| 38. |
___________________ refers to gradual weakening and disappearance of conditioned behavior when it is no longer followed by a reinforcer. |
| A. | extinction |
| B. | negative reinforcement |
| C. | partial reinforcement |
| D. | punishment |
| Answer» B. negative reinforcement | |
| 39. |
___________________ is an American psychologist who experimentally investigated observational learning, emphasizing the role of cognitive factors. |
| A. | ivan pavlov b. |
| B. | f.skinner c. edward . |
| C. | tolman |
| D. | albert bandura |
| Answer» E. | |
| 40. |
_____________ is the tendency of an animal to revert to its instinctive behaviors that can interfere with the performance of an operantly conditioned response. |
| A. | aversion |
| B. | instinctive drift |
| C. | latent learning |
| D. | law of effect |
| Answer» C. latent learning | |
| 41. |
__________________ is an opening near the terminal end of the cochlea, where the scala tympani communicate with the scala vestibule. |
| A. | foves |
| B. | helicotrema |
| C. | hair cells |
| D. | otoconia |
| Answer» C. hair cells | |
| 42. |
_____________________ psychologists views that the organization and relationship of elements determine the mental experience a person has. |
| A. | gestalt |
| B. | structuralism |
| C. | humanistic |
| D. | cognitive |
| Answer» C. humanistic | |
| 43. |
The point on the ventral surface of the brain where the optic nerves from each eye merge together then separate as they continue in the visual pathway, is called________________ |
| A. | optic chiasma |
| B. | optic disc |
| C. | optic pathway |
| D. | occipital lobe |
| Answer» B. optic disc | |
| 44. |
____________________ is defined as any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of practice or experience. |
| A. | learning |
| B. | cognition |
| C. | perception |
| D. | attention |
| Answer» B. cognition | |
| 45. |
_______________________ is the smallest difference between two stimuli that can be reliably detected or discriminated. |
| A. | differential threshold |
| B. | absolute threshold |
| C. | point of subjective equality |
| D. | intensity |
| Answer» B. absolute threshold | |
| 46. |
One important factor in the cognitive revolution was the development of the first ____________, which gave psychologists a model for human mental processes. |
| A. | laboratory |
| B. | computers |
| C. | mental activity |
| D. | psychological perspective |
| Answer» C. mental activity | |
| 47. |
An operant-conditioning process in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced _____________________ |
| A. | shaping |
| B. | extinction |
| C. | modelling |
| D. | instinctive drift |
| Answer» B. extinction | |
| 48. |
A basic kind of learning that involves associations between environmental stimuli and the organism s responses ____________________ |
| A. | trial and error |
| B. | conditioning |
| C. | cognitive |
| D. | insight |
| Answer» C. cognitive | |
| 49. |
Confusion of an event that happened to someone else with one that happened to you, or a belief that you remember something when it never actually happened is _________________ |
| A. | flash bulb |
| B. | confabulation |
| C. | misattribution |
| D. | eyewitness |
| Answer» E. | |
| 50. |
The process by which an image is kept in focus on the surface of the retina while the object being viewed varies in distance from the eye is referred as the ____________________ |
| A. | retinal disparity |
| B. | autonomic |
| C. | accommodation |
| D. | phi phenomena |
| Answer» B. autonomic | |