Regarding jugular pressure waves:

• A. the v wave denotes the increased atrial pressure due to the bulging of the tricuspid valve during isovolumetric ventricular contraction
• B. in tricuspid insufficiency, there is a giant A wave with each ventricular systole
• C. atrial premature beats produce an A wave
• D. the v wave occurs during systole
• E. a giant C wave ( cannon wave ) may be seen in complete heart block