formation of root and shoots on callus tissue

Subculturing is similar to propagation by cuttings because

it uses scions to produce new microshoots

it separates multiple microshoots and places them in a medium

it uses scions to produce new microshoots

they both use in vitro growing conditions

Cell fusion method includes the preparation of large number of

plant cells stripped of their cell wall

single plant cell stripped of their cell wall

The composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is most like that of

the outer mitochondrial membrane

some bacterial plasma membranes

Very high sugar concentration (40-100 g/l) have been used

in specialized secondary metabolite production

to adjust the osmotic potential of the media in short term treatment for regeneration

What is meant by 'Organ culture' ?

Introduction of a new organ in an animal body with a view to create genetic mutation in the progenies of that animal

Maintenance alive of a whole organ, after removal from the organism by partial immersion in a nutrient fluid

Introduction of a new organ in an animal body with a view to create genetic mutation in the progenies of that animal

Cultivation of organs in a laboratory through the synthesis of tissues

The aspects of culture in community which are mainly dedicated by the need of a specified organ of the human body

What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

The redox reactions of electron transport

Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo

Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions

The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo

Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials

The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm

the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm

mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium

mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial proteins is true?

All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm

All mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria

Some mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria and others

All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm

Mitochondrial proteins arise from other mitochondrial proteins

To maintain the pH of the culture

organic acid such as citric, fumaric, malic and succinic acid is used

synthetic buffers such as Tris, MES or HEPS are used

Which is not true about a photon?

The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of the photons

It is trapped by photosynthetic unit

It donates electron to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose

Which is/are the disadvantage/(s) of using IAA in plant cell culture media?

Conjugated to inactive form by plant cells

What is 'nurse' or conditioned medium?

It is the media full of growth factors used for the growth of cells

It is the medium added to nurse the callus culture

It is the liquid medium removed from the suspension of fast growing cells

Protoplasts are the cells devoid of

both cell wall and cell membrane

Protoplasts can be produced from suspension cultures, callus tissues or intact tissues by enzymatic treatment with

both cellulotyic and pectolytic enzymes

Silver thiosulphate is added to culture medium as it helps to

remove toxic phenolics from plant cells

prevent the gaseous plant hormone, ethylene dioxide from accumulating to detrimental condition.

Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium

Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis

Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium

An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport

Cellular metabolism is an example of

a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions

a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics

87 + Mcqs in Plant Structure in Biotechnology Page 2 McqOptions

51.	Organogenesis is
A.	formation of callus tissue
B.	formation of root and shoots on callus tissue
C.	both (a) and (b)
D.	genesis of organs
Answer» C. both (a) and (b)

Discussion

52.	Subculturing is similar to propagation by cuttings because
A.	it separates multiple microshoots and places them in a medium
B.	it uses scions to produce new microshoots
C.	they both use in vitro growing conditions
D.	all of the above
Answer» B. it uses scions to produce new microshoots

Discussion

53.	Cell fusion method includes the preparation of large number of
A.	plant cells stripped of their cell wall
B.	single plant cell stripped of their cell wall
C.	plant cells with cell wall
D.	cells from different species
Answer» C. plant cells with cell wall

Discussion

54.	The composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is most like that of
A.	the outer mitochondrial membrane
B.	the cell's plasma membrane
C.	some bacterial plasma membranes
D.	the nuclear membrane
Answer» D. the nuclear membrane

Discussion

55.	Lysosomes are associated with
A.	photosynthesis
B.	respiration
C.	storage
D.	digestion
Answer» E.

Discussion

56.	The phenomenon of the reversion of mature cells to the meristematic state leading to the formation of callus is known as
A.	redifferentiation
B.	dedifferentiation
C.	either (a) or (b)
D.	none of these
Answer» C. either (a) or (b)

Discussion

57.	Very high sugar concentration (40-100 g/l) have been used
A.	in specialized secondary metabolite production
B.	to adjust the osmotic potential of the media in short term treatment for regeneration
C.	Both (a) and (b)
D.	none of these
Answer» D. none of these

Discussion

58.	Which of the following is used in the culture of regenerating protoplasts, single cells or very dilute cell suspensions?
A.	Nurse medium
B.	Nurse or feeder culture
C.	Both (a) and (b)
D.	None of these
Answer» D. None of these

Discussion

59.	Which of the following is not an electron carrier class in the electron transport chain?
A.	Flavoproteins
B.	Cytochromes
C.	Iron - sulfur proteins
D.	Cytochrome c oxidase
Answer» E.

Discussion

60.	Water content of active protoplasm is
A.	10%
B.	40%
C.	70%
D.	90%
Answer» E.

Discussion

61.	"The universe tends towards maximum disorder" is stated by
A.	first law of thermodynamics
B.	second law of thermodynamics
C.	third law of thermodynamics
D.	none of the above
Answer» C. third law of thermodynamics

Discussion

62.	If the ends of the following polysaccharide are pulled, which one would stretch the most?
A.	Glycogen
B.	Starch
C.	Cellulose
D.	None of these
Answer» C. Cellulose

Discussion

63.	In plant cell culture media, auxins and cytokinins are used in the range of
A.	l-50μM
B.	50-100μM
C.	100-125μM
D.	more than 125μM
Answer» B. 50-100μM

Discussion

64.	Concentration of sucrose generally used in plant cell culture media is
A.	10-15 g/l
B.	20-30 g/l
C.	40-50 g/l
D.	60-70 g/l
Answer» C. 40-50 g/l

Discussion

65.	What is meant by 'Organ culture' ?
A.	Maintenance alive of a whole organ, after removal from the organism by partial immersion in a nutrient fluid
B.	Introduction of a new organ in an animal body with a view to create genetic mutation in the progenies of that animal
C.	Cultivation of organs in a laboratory through the synthesis of tissues
D.	The aspects of culture in community which are mainly dedicated by the need of a specified organ of the human body
Answer» B. Introduction of a new organ in an animal body with a view to create genetic mutation in the progenies of that animal

Discussion

66.	What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?
A.	Glycolysis
B.	Creatine phosphate
C.	The redox reactions of electron transport
D.	ATP
Answer» D. ATP

Discussion

67.	Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?
A.	Redox potentials are defined under standard conditions, and cellular conditions are typically not standard conditions
B.	The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo
C.	Electrons always go from reductants with high redox potentials to oxidants with low redox potentials
D.	None of the above
Answer» B. The rules governing oxidation and reduction apply only in vitro, and not in vivo

Discussion

68.	Normally CO2 and O2 enter a plant by
A.	osmosis
B.	active transport
C.	diffusion
D.	evaporation
Answer» D. evaporation

Discussion

69.	Which of the following is an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor?
A.	Citric acid
B.	Succinic acid
C.	Activated charcoal
D.	Silver thiosulphate
Answer» E.

Discussion

70.	The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that
A.	the mitochondrial matrix is hypotonic to the cellular cytoplasm
B.	the mitochondrial matrix is hypertonic to the cellular cytoplasm
C.	mitochondria were derived from a symbiotic bacterium
D.	mitochondria are surrounded by a semi permeable membrane
Answer» E.

Discussion

71.	Which of the following statements about mitochondrial proteins is true?
A.	All mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria
B.	Some mitochondrial proteins are coded for and synthesized in the mitochondria and others
C.	All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm
D.	Mitochondrial proteins arise from other mitochondrial proteins
Answer» C. All mitochondrial proteins are imported from the cytoplasm

Discussion

72.	Which of the following elements is likely to form the least polar covalent bond with hydrogen?
A.	Nitrogen
B.	Oxygen
C.	Carbon
D.	Phosphorus
Answer» D. Phosphorus

Discussion

73.	Which of the following is not an auxin?
A.	Indole acetic acid (IAA)
B.	Naphthalenacetic acid (NAA)
C.	zeatin
D.	Indole butyric acid
Answer» D. Indole butyric acid

Discussion

74.	To maintain the pH of the culture
A.	organic acid such as citric, fumaric, malic and succinic acid is used
B.	synthetic buffers such as Tris, MES or HEPS are used
C.	both (a) and (b)
D.	ammonium salts are used
Answer» D. ammonium salts are used

Discussion

75.	Which of the following growth regulator is used to stimulate embryo or shoot development?
A.	Auxins
B.	Cytokinins
C.	Gibberellins
D.	Brassinosteroids
Answer» D. Brassinosteroids

Discussion

76.	Which is not true about a photon?
A.	It is a packet of light energy
B.	The shorter the wavelength, the greater the energy of the photons
C.	It is trapped by photosynthetic unit
D.	It donates electron to reduce carbon dioxide to glucose
Answer» E.

Discussion

77.	Which of the following functional groups would make a carbon-based compound the least polar?
A.	Phosphate
B.	Methyl
C.	Carboxyl
D.	Amino
Answer» C. Carboxyl

Discussion

78.	Which is/are the disadvantage/(s) of using IAA in plant cell culture media?
A.	It is unstable in solution
B.	Gets easily oxidized
C.	Conjugated to inactive form by plant cells
D.	All of the above
Answer» E.

Discussion

79.	What is 'nurse' or conditioned medium?
A.	It is the media full of growth factors used for the growth of cells
B.	It is the medium added to nurse the callus culture
C.	Both (a) and (b)
D.	It is the liquid medium removed from the suspension of fast growing cells
Answer» E.

Discussion

80.	Protoplasts are the cells devoid of
A.	cell membrane
B.	cell wall
C.	both cell wall and cell membrane
D.	none of these
Answer» C. both cell wall and cell membrane

Discussion

81.	Protoplasts can be produced from suspension cultures, callus tissues or intact tissues by enzymatic treatment with
A.	cellulotyic enzymes
B.	pectolytic enzymes
C.	both cellulotyic and pectolytic enzymes
D.	proteolytic enzymes
Answer» D. proteolytic enzymes

Discussion

82.	Silver thiosulphate is added to culture medium as it helps to
A.	maintain the pH
B.	remove toxic phenolics from plant cells
C.	prevent the gaseous plant hormone, ethylene dioxide from accumulating to detrimental condition.
D.	all of the above
Answer» D. all of the above

Discussion

83.	Both plant and animal cell possess
A.	cell walls
B.	mitochondria
C.	central vacuoles
D.	chloroplast
Answer» C. central vacuoles

Discussion

84.	Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?
A.	Electron transport in isolated mitochondria was shown to result in acidification of the medium
B.	Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria was shown to inhibit electron transport, but had no effect on ATP synthesis
C.	Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium
D.	An artificial proton gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane drives ATP synthesis in the absence of electron transport
Answer» C. Addition of dinitrophenol to isolated mitochondria during electron transport was shown to inhibit acidification of the medium

Discussion

85.	Which of the following can be found as a part of the mitochondrial matrix?
A.	Ribosomes
B.	DNA
C.	Enzymes
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

86.	In plant cells, which of the following is not a function of the large central vacuoles of plant cells?
A.	Storage of food
B.	Support
C.	Contractile regulation of
D.	Waste storage water content
Answer» D. Waste storage water content

Discussion

87.	Cellular metabolism is an example of
A.	equilibrium metabolism
B.	steady-state metabolism
C.	a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions
D.	a series of reactions that defy the second law of thermodynamics
Answer» C. a series of reactions occurring under standard conditions

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Biotechnology.

Organogenesis is

Subculturing is similar to propagation by cuttings because

Cell fusion method includes the preparation of large number of

The composition of the inner mitochondrial membrane is most like that of

Lysosomes are associated with

The phenomenon of the reversion of mature cells to the meristematic state leading to the formation of callus is known as

Very high sugar concentration (40-100 g/l) have been used

Which of the following is used in the culture of regenerating protoplasts, single cells or very dilute cell suspensions?

Which of the following is not an electron carrier class in the electron transport chain?

Water content of active protoplasm is

"The universe tends towards maximum disorder" is stated by

If the ends of the following polysaccharide are pulled, which one would stretch the most?

In plant cell culture media, auxins and cytokinins are used in the range of

Concentration of sucrose generally used in plant cell culture media is

What is meant by 'Organ culture' ?

What is the source of free energy (ΔG) for moving protons out of mitochondria against their concentration and electrical gradients?

Why do some redox reactions in cells result in the transfer of electrons from a reductant with a higher standard redox potential to an oxidant with a lower standard redox potential?

Normally CO2 and O2 enter a plant by

Which of the following is an ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor?

The mitochondria were known in the nineteenth century to be osmotically active on the basis of evidence that

Which of the following statements about mitochondrial proteins is true?

Which of the following elements is likely to form the least polar covalent bond with hydrogen?

Which of the following is not an auxin?

To maintain the pH of the culture

Which of the following growth regulator is used to stimulate embryo or shoot development?

Which is not true about a photon?

Which of the following functional groups would make a carbon-based compound the least polar?

Which is/are the disadvantage/(s) of using IAA in plant cell culture media?

What is 'nurse' or conditioned medium?

Protoplasts are the cells devoid of

Protoplasts can be produced from suspension cultures, callus tissues or intact tissues by enzymatic treatment with

Silver thiosulphate is added to culture medium as it helps to

Both plant and animal cell possess

Which of the following experimental results does not support Mitchell's chemiosmosis theory?

Which of the following can be found as a part of the mitochondrial matrix?

In plant cells, which of the following is not a function of the large central vacuoles of plant cells?

Cellular metabolism is an example of