Skinner defines an operant behavior as that which is

elicited by environmental stimuli

Guthrie believed that all learning is

s-s associations based on reinforcement

s-r associations reinforced by drive reduction

s-r associations based on contiguity

s-s associations based on reinforcement

s-s associations based on contiguity

In Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance learning, the two factors are

vicarious learning and classical conditioning

instrumental conditioning and operant conditioning

classical conditioning and pavlovian conditioning

classical conditioning and instrumental (or operant) conditioning

Crespi's findings regarding the effect of reward magnitude on running speed forced Hull to proposethat

reward magnitude has no effect on motivation

reward magnitude directly influences motivation

reward magnitude has no effect on motivation

shifts in reward result in forgetting

learning is reduced with large reward

After Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, he also displayed fear responses to a whiterabbit and a white coat. This is an example of

variable interval reinforcement

Which of the following is suggested as a guideline for the use of punishment?

do not give punishment mixed with rewards

make it clear to the individual which behavior is being punished

If you wanted to teach a chicken to "play" the piano, you should

wait for a musically inclined chicken to show up

extinguish piano-playing behavior

Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over. Each time her dog rolled over sheimmediately said "good dog." However, the dog did not roll over on command. Which of the following may best explain why?

jill used inconsistent reinforcement

jill should have delayed reinforcement

saying "good dog" was not reinforcing

Students get a grade for a quiz that’s given once a week. What is this an example of?

variable-interval reinforcement schedule

fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule

variable-ratio reinforcement schedule

fixed-interval reinforcement schedule

variable-interval reinforcement schedule

Classical conditioning usually works best if which of the following occurs?

the cs is presented many hours after the ucs

the conditioned stimulus (cs) is presented just after the unconditioned stimulus (ucs)

the cs is presented just before the ucs

the cs is presented many hours after the ucs

all of the above are equally effective

195 + Mcqs in Learning Page 1 McqOptions

1.	To teach a complex behavior, one should use
A.	shaping
B.	classical conditioning
C.	punishment
D.	contingency management
Answer» B. classical conditioning

Discussion

2.	Whenever Kendra's dog whines at the door to go out she says "good dog" and pets the dog. Theword "good" becomes a secondary reinforcer through the process of
A.	classical conditioning
B.	operant conditioning
C.	instrumental conditioning
D.	vicarious conditioning
Answer» B. operant conditioning

Discussion

3.	According to Skinner, a reinforcer is any event that
A.	increases a behavior
B.	decreases a behavior
C.	makes a person happy
D.	is satisfying
Answer» B. decreases a behavior

Discussion

4.	Skinner defines an operant behavior as that which is
A.	elicited by environmental stimuli
B.	a result of s-r associations
C.	emitted by the organism
D.	unlearned
Answer» D. unlearned

Discussion

5.	Once exposed to an aversive situation, learning a response that removes the aversive situationinvolves
A.	avoidance learning
B.	escape learning
C.	stimulus discrimination
D.	response generalization
Answer» C. stimulus discrimination

Discussion

6.	Instrumental aversive conditioning involves
A.	escape training
B.	punishment training
C.	avoidance training
D.	all of the above
Answer» E.

Discussion

7.	According to Tolman, reward is not required for learning but is required for
A.	extinction
B.	performance
C.	memory
D.	direction
Answer» C. memory

Discussion

8.	Which traditional learning theorist believed that the use of hypothetical constructs does notcontribute to our understanding of behavior?
A.	hull
B.	skinner
C.	tolman
D.	rotter
Answer» C. tolman

Discussion

9.	Guthrie rejected Thorndike's
A.	law of exercise
B.	law of readiness
C.	law of equivalence
D.	law of effect
Answer» E.

Discussion

10.	Spence's anticipatory goal concept is comparable to Tolman's
A.	cathexis
B.	cognitive map
C.	equivalence belief principle
D.	law of effect
Answer» D. law of effect

Discussion

11.	Which traditional theorist believed that behavior involves purpose, goals, and expectations?
A.	tolman
B.	hull
C.	thorndike
D.	skinner
Answer» B. hull

Discussion

12.	Guthrie believed that all learning is
A.	s-r associations reinforced by drive reduction
B.	s-r associations based on contiguity
C.	s-s associations based on reinforcement
D.	s-s associations based on contiguity
Answer» C. s-s associations based on reinforcement

Discussion

13.	In Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance learning, the two factors are
A.	vicarious learning and classical conditioning
B.	instrumental conditioning and operant conditioning
C.	classical conditioning and pavlovian conditioning
D.	classical conditioning and instrumental (or operant) conditioning
Answer» E.

Discussion

14.	According to Amsel, the extinction of an instrumental response is due to
A.	anger
B.	frustration
C.	repression
D.	anxiety
Answer» C. repression

Discussion

15.	When a response continues to fail to produce drive reduction, it is permanently suppressed via
A.	reactive inhibition
B.	latent inhibition
C.	conditioned inhibition
D.	higher order inhibition
Answer» D. higher order inhibition

Discussion

16.	Crespi's findings regarding the effect of reward magnitude on running speed forced Hull to proposethat
A.	reward magnitude directly influences motivation
B.	reward magnitude has no effect on motivation
C.	shifts in reward result in forgetting
D.	learning is reduced with large reward
Answer» B. reward magnitude has no effect on motivation

Discussion

17.	Habit strength increases based on
A.	incentive induction
B.	drive reduction
C.	inhibition induction
D.	behavioral induction
Answer» C. inhibition induction

Discussion

18.	Environmental stimuli can acquire the ability to produce an internal drive state. Hull called these
A.	environmental drives
B.	acquired drives
C.	conditioned drives
D.	unconditioned drives
Answer» C. conditioned drives

Discussion

19.	If drive motivation is based on deprivation, incentive motivation is based on
A.	drive reduction
B.	habit strength
C.	inhibition
D.	reward value
Answer» E.

Discussion

20.	What, according to Hull, is reinforcing?
A.	drive reduction
B.	drive induction
C.	incentive reduction
D.	incentive deduction
Answer» B. drive induction

Discussion

21.	An intense internal force that motivates behavior is known as a(n)
A.	incentive
B.	drive
C.	reinforcement
D.	reward
Answer» C. reinforcement

Discussion

22.	After Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, he also displayed fear responses to a whiterabbit and a white coat. This is an example of
A.	stimulus generalization
B.	stimulus discrimination
C.	variable interval reinforcement
D.	superstitious behavior
Answer» B. stimulus discrimination

Discussion

23.	John loves to receive mail. Over the years, he has learned to tell the difference between the soundof the mail truck and the other cars and trucks that pass his house. What process is at work here?
A.	stimulus discrimination
B.	stimulus generalization
C.	extinction
D.	negative reinforcement
Answer» B. stimulus generalization

Discussion

24.	If the consequence of a behavior is negative and the frequency of that behavior decreases, the behavior has been
A.	positively reinforced
B.	negatively reinforced
C.	disinhibited
D.	punished
Answer» E.

Discussion

25.	Which of the following is suggested as a guideline for the use of punishment?
A.	do not use physical punishment
B.	do not give punishment mixed with rewards
C.	make it clear to the individual which behavior is being punished
D.	all of the above
Answer» E.

Discussion

26.	Both escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are forms of
A.	superstitious behavior
B.	positive reinforcement
C.	negative reinforcement
D.	secondary reinforcement
Answer» D. secondary reinforcement

Discussion

27.	Behavior that is reinforced because it causes a negative event to stop is called
A.	shaping
B.	punishment
C.	escape conditioning
D.	avoidance conditioning
Answer» D. avoidance conditioning

Discussion

28.	Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule?
A.	fixed ratio
B.	fixed interval
C.	variable ratio
D.	variable interval
Answer» D. variable interval

Discussion

29.	If you wanted to teach a chicken to "play" the piano, you should
A.	wait for a musically inclined chicken to show up
B.	extinguish piano-playing behavior
C.	use shaping
D.	use negative reinforcement
Answer» D. use negative reinforcement

Discussion

30.	If a child is rewarded for appropriate behavior every 15 minutes, what type of schedule is beingused?
A.	fixed ratio
B.	variable ratio
C.	fixed interval
D.	variable interval
Answer» D. variable interval

Discussion

31.	Reinforcers that are innately reinforcing, such as food, water, and warmth are called
A.	primary reinforcers
B.	secondary reinforcers
C.	extinguished reinforcers
D.	superstitious reinforcers
Answer» B. secondary reinforcers

Discussion

32.	Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over. Each time her dog rolled over sheimmediately said "good dog." However, the dog did not roll over on command. Which of the following may best explain why?
A.	jill used inconsistent reinforcement
B.	the cs did not match the cr
C.	jill should have delayed reinforcement
D.	saying "good dog" was not reinforcing
Answer» E.

Discussion

33.	If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning willproceed slowly. This phenomenon is called
A.	delay of reinforcement
B.	extinction
C.	conditioned response
D.	consistency
Answer» B. extinction

Discussion

34.	Learning that results from the consequences of behaviours called
A.	extinguished conditioning
B.	operant conditioning
C.	classical conditioning
D.	positive conditioning
Answer» C. classical conditioning

Discussion

35.	Irrational fears that are thought to be caused by classical conditioning are called
A.	psychosomatic illness
B.	avoidance behaviour
C.	phobias
D.	stimulus discrimination
Answer» D. stimulus discrimination

Discussion

36.	Classical conditioning apparently plays a role in the development of
A.	resistance to disease
B.	allergic reactions
C.	sexual arousal
D.	all of the above
Answer» E.

Discussion

37.	In Pavlov's classic experiment, meat powder was the
A.	unconditioned stimulus
B.	unconditioned response
C.	conditioned stimulus
D.	conditioned response
Answer» B. unconditioned response

Discussion

38.	In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)
A.	unconditioned stimulus
B.	unconditioned response
C.	conditioned stimulus
D.	conditioned response
Answer» C. conditioned stimulus

Discussion

39.	Pavlov's initial interest in classical conditioning was stimulated when he observed his research dogssalivating at the sight of
A.	food
B.	the attendants
C.	the saliva
D.	the food dish
Answer» C. the saliva

Discussion

40.	Which learning theory says that a set stimulus, over a period of time, will produce the sameresponse every time?
A.	classical conditioning
B.	insight learning
C.	drive motive
D.	operant conditioning
Answer» B. insight learning

Discussion

41.	Which of the following is/are part of the definition of learning?
A.	change in behaviour
B.	relatively permanent
C.	brought about by experience
D.	all of the above
Answer» E.

Discussion

42.	What are the three laws of Thorndike's law?
A.	law of exercise
B.	law of effect
C.	law of readiness
D.	a, b & c
Answer» E.

Discussion

43.	Students get a grade for a quiz that’s given once a week. What is this an example of?
A.	fixed-ratio reinforcement schedule
B.	variable-ratio reinforcement schedule
C.	fixed-interval reinforcement schedule
D.	variable-interval reinforcement schedule
Answer» D. variable-interval reinforcement schedule

Discussion

44.	In operant conditioning, what is the tendency for a response to happen only when a particularstimulus is present?
A.	stimulus generalization
B.	shaping
C.	response acquisition
D.	stimulus discrimination
Answer» E.

Discussion

45.	Which of the following terms means the tendency for conditioning to be limited by natural instincts?
A.	instinctive drift
B.	innate conditioning
C.	natural learning
D.	classical conditioning
Answer» B. innate conditioning

Discussion

46.	Classical conditioning usually works best if which of the following occurs?
A.	the conditioned stimulus (cs) is presented just after the unconditioned stimulus (ucs)
B.	the cs is presented just before the ucs
C.	the cs is presented many hours after the ucs
D.	all of the above are equally effective
Answer» C. the cs is presented many hours after the ucs

Discussion

47.	What is the procedure called in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer toa desired response?
A.	stimulus discrimination
B.	stimulus generalization
C.	spontaneous recovery
D.	shaping
Answer» E.

Discussion

48.	A scalloped response pattern, in which responses are slow at the beginning of a time period andthen faster just before reinforcement happens, is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?
A.	fixed ratio
B.	variable ratio
C.	fixed interval
D.	variable interval
Answer» D. variable interval

Discussion

49.	A student sometimes got A’s on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student’s superstitiousbehavior arise?
A.	observational learning
B.	classical conditioning
C.	operant conditioning
D.	none of the above
Answer» D. none of the above

Discussion

50.	What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it’s the original conditioned stimulus?
A.	stimulus discrimination
B.	stimulus generalization
C.	higher-order conditioning
D.	spontaneous recovery
Answer» C. higher-order conditioning

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Artificial Intelligence.

To teach a complex behavior, one should use

Whenever Kendra's dog whines at the door to go out she says "good dog" and pets the dog. Theword "good" becomes a secondary reinforcer through the process of

According to Skinner, a reinforcer is any event that

Skinner defines an operant behavior as that which is

Once exposed to an aversive situation, learning a response that removes the aversive situationinvolves

Instrumental aversive conditioning involves

According to Tolman, reward is not required for learning but is required for

Which traditional learning theorist believed that the use of hypothetical constructs does notcontribute to our understanding of behavior?

Guthrie rejected Thorndike's

Spence's anticipatory goal concept is comparable to Tolman's

Which traditional theorist believed that behavior involves purpose, goals, and expectations?

Guthrie believed that all learning is

In Mowrer's two-factor theory of avoidance learning, the two factors are

According to Amsel, the extinction of an instrumental response is due to

When a response continues to fail to produce drive reduction, it is permanently suppressed via

Crespi's findings regarding the effect of reward magnitude on running speed forced Hull to proposethat

Habit strength increases based on

Environmental stimuli can acquire the ability to produce an internal drive state. Hull called these

If drive motivation is based on deprivation, incentive motivation is based on

What, according to Hull, is reinforcing?

An intense internal force that motivates behavior is known as a(n)

After Little Albert was conditioned to fear a white rat, he also displayed fear responses to a whiterabbit and a white coat. This is an example of

John loves to receive mail. Over the years, he has learned to tell the difference between the soundof the mail truck and the other cars and trucks that pass his house. What process is at work here?

If the consequence of a behavior is negative and the frequency of that behavior decreases, the behavior has been

Which of the following is suggested as a guideline for the use of punishment?

Both escape conditioning and avoidance conditioning are forms of

Behavior that is reinforced because it causes a negative event to stop is called

Salespeople who are paid exclusively by commission are reinforced on which type of schedule?

If you wanted to teach a chicken to "play" the piano, you should

If a child is rewarded for appropriate behavior every 15 minutes, what type of schedule is beingused?

Reinforcers that are innately reinforcing, such as food, water, and warmth are called

Jill was trying to operantly condition her dog to roll over. Each time her dog rolled over sheimmediately said "good dog." However, the dog did not roll over on command. Which of the following may best explain why?

If positive reinforcement is not given within a short time following the response, learning willproceed slowly. This phenomenon is called

Learning that results from the consequences of behaviours called

Irrational fears that are thought to be caused by classical conditioning are called

Classical conditioning apparently plays a role in the development of

In Pavlov's classic experiment, meat powder was the

In classical conditioning, an unlearned, inborn reaction to an unconditioned stimulus is a(n)

Pavlov's initial interest in classical conditioning was stimulated when he observed his research dogssalivating at the sight of

Which learning theory says that a set stimulus, over a period of time, will produce the sameresponse every time?

Which of the following is/are part of the definition of learning?

What are the three laws of Thorndike's law?

Students get a grade for a quiz that’s given once a week. What is this an example of?

In operant conditioning, what is the tendency for a response to happen only when a particularstimulus is present?

Which of the following terms means the tendency for conditioning to be limited by natural instincts?

Classical conditioning usually works best if which of the following occurs?

What is the procedure called in which reinforcement is used to guide a response closer and closer toa desired response?

A scalloped response pattern, in which responses are slow at the beginning of a time period andthen faster just before reinforcement happens, is typical of which type of reinforcement schedule?

A student sometimes got A’s on his midterm exams last year when he used his green pen to write the exams. Now he always takes his lucky green pens to exams. How did the student’s superstitiousbehavior arise?

What is the tendency to respond to a new stimulus as if it’s the original conditioned stimulus?