MCQOPTIONS
Saved Bookmarks
MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 396 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Uncategorized topics knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 51. |
Which of the following antigens is a T-cell marker? |
| A. | CD7 |
| B. | CD20 |
| C. | CD30 |
| D. | CD40 |
| Answer» B. CD20 | |
| 52. |
Which of the following diagnostic tests is most useful for determining the tumor stage of esophageal cancer? |
| A. | Esophagogastroduodenoscopy |
| B. | Endoscopic ultrasound |
| C. | PET scan |
| D. | CT scan |
| Answer» C. PET scan | |
| 53. |
Predisposing factors to oesophageal adenocarcinoma include the following except |
| A. | Achalasia |
| B. | Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease |
| C. | Alcohol |
| D. | Smoking |
| E. | Ingestion of caustic substances |
| Answer» B. Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease | |
| 54. |
BRCA2 is responsible for breast cancer and characterized by: |
| A. | Chromosomal 17 is the location |
| B. | It is less common than BRCA1 in risk of breast cancer |
| C. | Its mutation can be present in sporadic breast cancer |
| D. | It is not responsible for breast cancer in men. |
| E. | It is one of oncogenes |
| Answer» D. It is not responsible for breast cancer in men. | |
| 55. |
Which of the following statements about pancreatic cancer is FALSE? |
| A. | Approximately 10% to 20% of pancreatic cancers are associated with hereditary factors. |
| B. | New-onset diabetes mellitus may be the first clinical feature in 10% of patients. |
| C. | Tumors of the pancreatic head arise to the right of the superior mesenteric vein- portal vein confluence and include tumors of uncinate origin. |
| D. | The most common physical finding at initial presentation is Courvoisier's sign. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 56. |
The basal molecular phenotype of breast cancer most commonly is: |
| A. | ER-positive, PR-positive, HER-2/neu-negative. |
| B. | ER-positive, PR-positive, HER-2/neu-positive. |
| C. | ER-negative, PR-negative, HER-2/neu-negative. |
| D. | ER-negative, PR-negative, HER-2/neu-positive. |
| Answer» D. ER-negative, PR-negative, HER-2/neu-positive. | |
| 57. |
Taxane derivatives elicit cytotoxic effects mainly by which of the following mechanisms? |
| A. | Stabilization of microtubules and prevention of their disassembly |
| B. | Intercalation into DNA and inhibition of DNA replication |
| C. | Inhibition of topoisomerases |
| D. | Inhibition of DNA repair |
| Answer» B. Intercalation into DNA and inhibition of DNA replication | |
| 58. |
Which one of the following drugs has the least bone marrow suppression? |
| A. | Daunorubicin |
| B. | Cisplatin |
| C. | Cyclophosphamide |
| D. | Etoposide |
| E. | Vincristine |
| Answer» F. | |
| 59. |
Which drug is least likely to affect cytokine production - especially IL-2 in T cells? |
| A. | Prednisone |
| B. | Mycophenalate |
| C. | Tacrolimus |
| D. | Rapamycin |
| E. | Cyclosporin A |
| Answer» C. Tacrolimus | |
| 60. |
Multidrug resistance in tumor cells is often attributed to extrusion of drugs mediated by overexpression of which of the following proteins? |
| A. | P-glycoprotein |
| B. | Bcl-2 |
| C. | BAX |
| D. | TP53 |
| Answer» B. Bcl-2 | |
| 61. |
Bladder cancer associated with hydronephrosis and invasion limited to the outer half of the bladder muscle layer corresponds to which T stage? |
| A. | T2 |
| B. | T3 |
| C. | T4a |
| D. | T4b |
| Answer» B. T3 | |
| 62. |
Phase 2 trial of new cancer drug. Which is least likely to account for variation in results: |
| A. | Size of metastases |
| B. | Site of metastases |
| C. | Gender |
| D. | Performance status |
| E. | Prior therapy |
| Answer» D. Performance status | |
| 63. |
Which of the following statements about the treatment of bone metastases secondary to breast cancer is true? |
| A. | Radiation therapy will achieve partial or complete pain relief within 4 weeks. |
| B. | Single-fraction irradiation provides equivalent results to protracted radiation treatment schedules for pain control durability and reduced risk of subsequent fracture. |
| C. | Metastatic sites with extraosseous bone involvement should be treated with 153Sm only, because localized external-beam irradiation is not beneficial. |
| D. | An 8-Gy dose of hemibody irradiation should be administered in a single fraction to the upper, middle, or lower hemibody regions for treatment of painful bony metastases. |
| Answer» B. Single-fraction irradiation provides equivalent results to protracted radiation treatment schedules for pain control durability and reduced risk of subsequent fracture. | |
| 64. |
Which of the following statements about the management of brain metastases secondary to breast cancer is true? |
| A. | Prednisone therapy should be initiated with a loading dose of 20 mg, followed by 10 mg four times daily. |
| B. | Symptomatic improvement is expected between 24 to 72 hours after initiation of therapy. |
| C. | Treatment is more effective for focal neurological deficits than for headaches. |
| D. | Dexamethasone must be administered four times daily because of its half-life properties. |
| Answer» C. Treatment is more effective for focal neurological deficits than for headaches. | |
| 65. |
Which of the following factors is most strongly linked to an increased risk for the development of multiple myeloma? |
| A. | Alcohol use |
| B. | Tobacco use |
| C. | Mustard gas exposure |
| D. | Ionizing radiation exposure |
| Answer» E. | |
| 66. |
Which of the following processes is associated with the loss of heterozygosity? |
| A. | Activation of oncogenes |
| B. | Inactivation of tumor suppressor genes |
| C. | Hypermethylation of histone proteins |
| D. | Initiation of apoptosis |
| Answer» C. Hypermethylation of histone proteins | |
| 67. |
Which of the following statements about leptomeningeal metastases secondary to breast cancer is true? |
| A. | A headache is the most common symptom in patients at presentation. |
| B. | A contrast-enhanced CT scan is best for establishing the diagnosis. |
| C. | Radiation therapy should be administered to the entire CNS axis. |
| D. | The median survival rate is 4 months, but longer survival times are associated with breast cancer. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 68. |
Clinical radiation sensitivity is consistently associated with the absence of: |
| A. | p53. |
| B. | HER-2/neu. |
| C. | gamma-H2AX. |
| D. | ATM. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 69. |
Which of the following statements about osteosarcoma is true? |
| A. | It rarely occurs in African Americans. |
| B. | The amount of tumor necrosis at resection is an important prognostic factor. |
| C. | The addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard VACA-based chemotherapy improves survival for patients with nonmetastatic disease. |
| D. | Radiation therapy is the preferred treatment for local control. |
| Answer» C. The addition of ifosfamide and etoposide to standard VACA-based chemotherapy improves survival for patients with nonmetastatic disease. | |
| 70. |
Which of the following statements about breast cancer in men is true? |
| A. | The tumor is most commonly ER-positive. |
| B. | The disease should be treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. |
| C. | The majority of patients who undergo genetic screening will be found to have a BRCA1 germline mutation. |
| D. | Approximately 25% of patients will have noninvasive disease at diagnosis. |
| Answer» B. The disease should be treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. | |
| 71. |
Young woman with amenorrhoea & large uterus. CXR shows rounded opacities. What is the best test to monitor this condition? |
| A. | CEA |
| B. | HCG |
| C. | -fetoprotein |
| D. | LDH |
| Answer» D. LDH | |
| 72. |
Metastatic renal cell carcinoma, symptomatic: |
| A. | best supportive care |
| B. | radiotherapy |
| C. | Surgery |
| D. | interferon |
| E. | Vinblastine |
| Answer» D. interferon | |
| 73. |
Best treatment of metastatic renal cell cancer: |
| A. | Sutinib |
| B. | Vindarabine |
| C. | Palliative care |
| D. | Bevacizumab |
| E. | All of above |
| Answer» B. Vindarabine | |
| 74. |
BRCA-1 |
| A. | Associated with male breast cancer |
| B. | Associated with sporadic breast cancer |
| C. | Less associated with truncated protein |
| D. | Associated with breast & ovarian carcinoma |
| E. | Is an oncogene |
| Answer» E. Is an oncogene | |
| 75. |
Male with bone pain from metastatic prostate cancer will be started on LHRH antagonist. He refuses orchidectomy. His illness will show: |
| A. | immediate improvement |
| B. | initially worse than improvement |
| C. | immediate improvement then decline |
| D. | slow improvement |
| E. | no change |
| Answer» C. immediate improvement then decline | |
| 76. |
Mechanism of drug resistance of chemotherapeutic drugs |
| A. | P glycoprotein |
| B. | P53 |
| C. | Bcl 2 |
| D. | P450 |
| Answer» B. P53 | |
| 77. |
A 68 year old man is admitted to the ER having had three large maroon colored stools. On arrival, he passes more bloody stools and clots. He is pale, orthostatic and tachycardic. NG aspirates are bilious. After resuscitation is begun, which of the following is the most appropriate initial test? |
| A. | Angiography |
| B. | Nuclear medicine red blood cell scan |
| C. | Rigid proctoscopy |
| D. | Colonoscopy |
| E. | Barium enema |
| Answer» D. Colonoscopy | |
| 78. |
Which of the following may be appropriate initial therapy for a 4 cm cancer of the anal canal? |
| A. | Local excision |
| B. | Abdominoperineal resection |
| C. | Combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy |
| D. | Laser therapy |
| E. | Cryotherapy |
| Answer» D. Laser therapy | |
| 79. |
Which of the following statements about brain metastases secondary to breast cancer is not true? |
| A. | Breast cancer is the most common cause of brain metastases in women. |
| B. | HER-2/neu gene overexpression is associated with an increased risk of brain metastases. |
| C. | Increased tumor size and number of positive lymph nodes are associated with an increased risk of brain metastases. |
| D. | Brain metastases are most likely to involve a solitary site. |
| Answer» B. HER-2/neu gene overexpression is associated with an increased risk of brain metastases. | |
| 80. |
Which of the following processes is most likely to be associated with apoptosis? |
| A. | Nucleosomal DNA laddering |
| B. | Loss of plasma membrane integrity |
| C. | Swelling of the nucleus |
| D. | Endoreduplication |
| Answer» B. Loss of plasma membrane integrity | |
| 81. |
The purpose of a phase II clinical trial is to: |
| A. | estimate the toxicity of treatment to be tested. |
| B. | estimate the efficacy of treatment to be tested. |
| C. | estimate the preclinical toxicity of an experimental agent. |
| D. | determine a safe starting dose of an experimental agent. |
| Answer» C. estimate the preclinical toxicity of an experimental agent. | |
| 82. |
How would you treat metastatic Ca Breast in a postmenopausal woman? |
| A. | Anti-oestrogen |
| B. | Oestrogen |
| C. | Progesterone |
| D. | Anti-androgen |
| E. | Aromatase inhibitor |
| Answer» B. Oestrogen | |
| 83. |
Which of the following statements about adenocarcinoma of the lung is true? |
| A. | It is the most common histologic subtype. |
| B. | It is treated differently than squamous cell carcinoma. |
| C. | It is less likely to metastasize to the brain than other histologies. |
| D. | It is rarely associated with TTF-1. |
| Answer» B. It is treated differently than squamous cell carcinoma. | |
| 84. |
A 9-month-old infant has a mass in the left flank, periorbital ecchymosis, and bone metastasis to the right femur. Biopsy results are consistent with neuroblastoma. What cancer stage would be most appropriate for this patient's condition? |
| A. | Stage 2 |
| B. | Stage 3 |
| C. | Stage 4 |
| D. | Stage 4S |
| Answer» D. Stage 4S | |
| 85. |
Young lady had radiotherapy for Hodgkin s disease. 10 years later, most likely sequelae: |
| A. | Thyroid carcinoma |
| B. | AML |
| C. | Non Hodgkin s lymphoma |
| D. | Carcinoma breast |
| E. | Skin cancer |
| Answer» E. Skin cancer | |
| 86. |
A 50 year patient presents with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. The best management would be: |
| A. | IFN- |
| B. | IL-2 |
| C. | Vinblastine |
| D. | Best supportive care |
| E. | Progesterone |
| Answer» C. Vinblastine | |
| 87. |
A female presents with shortness of breath. CXR is shown with whiteout of Left lung. Told neurone-specific enolase +ve, next best step in management: |
| A. | Bronchoscopy with laser |
| B. | Radiotherapy |
| C. | Chemotherapy |
| D. | Best supportive care |
| E. | Surgical resection |
| Answer» D. Best supportive care | |
| 88. |
A young female (30 years) had mantle radiotherapy in her teens. The most likely cancer site in her now: |
| A. | Thyroid |
| B. | Breast |
| C. | Bone marrow |
| D. | Lung |
| E. | Lymph nodes |
| Answer» C. Bone marrow | |
| 89. |
Oesophageal cancer is associated with: |
| A. | Alcohol abuse |
| B. | Corrosive-associated damage |
| C. | Achalasia |
| D. | Reflux |
| E. | Smoking |
| Answer» F. | |
| 90. |
A man with metastatic prostate cancer with increasing bone pain. The decision is made to start a GnRH agonist Your advice regarding the likely effect of this: |
| A. | Immediate resolution of symptoms |
| B. | Initial worsening of symptoms over two weeks followed by gradual resolution |
| C. | Delayed resolution of symptoms |
| D. | Slow progressive improvement of symptoms |
| E. | Initial resolution followed by severe worsening of symptoms |
| Answer» C. Delayed resolution of symptoms | |
| 91. |
BRCA-1: |
| A. | Type of oncogene |
| B. | Associated with male breast cancer |
| C. | Associated with breast and ovarian cancer |
| D. | Associated with sporadic breast cancer |
| E. | Produces a truncated protein |
| Answer» D. Associated with sporadic breast cancer | |
| 92. |
Small cell lung cancer is more associated with ( than NSCLC) |
| A. | Hypercalcemia |
| B. | Clubbing |
| C. | Cushing s |
| D. | Eaton-Lambert syndrome |
| E. | Hyponatraemia |
| Answer» F. | |
| 93. |
Regarding cell kinetics of cancer: |
| A. | 1 cm tumor = 109 cells |
| B. | Cells in G0 are highly sensitive to chemotherapy |
| C. | Common cancers have doubling times of 20 days |
| D. | Intrinsic mutation rate in common cancers ~ 1 in 106 cells |
| E. | Growth in primary cancer decreases in the later stages of development |
| Answer» B. Cells in G0 are highly sensitive to chemotherapy | |
| 94. |
73 years female with metastatic breast cancer, on tamoxifen for 6/12. 2/7 Hx of nausea and thirst. Na+ 155, K+ 5.2, urine osm 137. Has multiple mets including sella turcica. Next most appropriate treatment: |
| A. | Saline |
| B. | Fluid restriction |
| C. | Intranasal desmopressin |
| D. | APD |
| E. | Demeclocycline |
| Answer» C. Intranasal desmopressin | |
| 95. |
Which of the following statements about malignant mesothelioma is true? |
| A. | Chemoradiation therapy alone offers promising results. |
| B. | Most patients die of metastatic disease and not of local recurrence. |
| C. | Patients who have the epithelial subtype have a worse prognosis. |
| D. | Mediastinal lymph node involvement affects the prognosis. |
| Answer» E. | |
| 96. |
A patient with known disseminated lymphoma is anaemic, with Hb = 100, MCV = 74, Fe = 4, Ferritin = 300. This is best explained by: |
| A. | Fe deficiency |
| B. | Impaired release of Fe from macrophages |
| C. | Reduced erythropoietin |
| D. | Reticulocytosis |
| E. | Increased plasma clearance of Fe |
| Answer» D. Reticulocytosis | |
| 97. |
Radiotherapy has its most severe effects on which tissues? |
| A. | liver |
| B. | kidney |
| C. | lung |
| D. | bone marrow |
| E. | spinal cord |
| Answer» E. spinal cord | |
| 98. |
Which of the following statements about asbestos exposure and mesothelioma is true? |
| A. | The carcinogenic effects appear to result from its physical properties rather than its chemical structure. |
| B. | Mesothelioma cell lines appear to be less sensitive than non-small cell lung cancer cell lines to radiation. |
| C. | Screening of asbestos workers for mesothelioma is an effective way to improve the cure rate of this disease. |
| D. | It is rare for mesothelioma to be misdiagnosed. |
| Answer» B. Mesothelioma cell lines appear to be less sensitive than non-small cell lung cancer cell lines to radiation. | |
| 99. |
Associations for 1o Ca can be made for all of the following except |
| A. | Adeno Ca mets in the liver in a middle aged man |
| B. | Adeno Ca mets in axillary lymph nodes in a woman |
| C. | Squamous Cell mets in cervical lymph nodes in a smoker |
| D. | Mediastinal Adeno Ca in a young man |
| E. | Skeletal sclerotic lesion in vertebrae in an elderly man |
| Answer» E. Skeletal sclerotic lesion in vertebrae in an elderly man | |
| 100. |
Which of the following statements is correct about alpha-feto protein (AFP) ? |
| A. | Moderately elevated AFP is almost diagnostic of hepatocellular carcinoma. |
| B. | Hepatitis cannot give rise to raised AFP. |
| C. | Lectin-binding AFP is not a tumor-specific marker. |
| D. | Hook effect can explain the apparently normal level of AFP in hepatoblastoma. |
| E. | AFP should not be raised in germ cell tumor. |
| Answer» E. AFP should not be raised in germ cell tumor. | |