MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 56 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Growth and Nutrition of Bacteria knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
A nucleotide contains which of the following? |
| A. | 5 C sugar |
| B. | nitrogen base |
| C. | phosphate |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 2. |
ATP synthase complexes can generate ____ATPs for each NADH that enters electron transport. |
| A. | 1 |
| B. | 2 |
| C. | 3 |
| D. | 4 |
| Answer» D. 4 | |
| 3. |
What is the smallest unit of heredity? |
| A. | chromosome |
| B. | gene |
| C. | codon |
| D. | nucleotide |
| Answer» C. codon | |
| 4. |
The FADH2 formed during the TCA cycle enters the electron transport system at which site? |
| A. | NADH dehydrogenase |
| B. | cytochrome |
| C. | coenzyme Q |
| D. | ATP synthase |
| Answer» D. ATP synthase | |
| 5. |
The compound that enters the TCA cycle from glycolysis is |
| A. | citric acid |
| B. | oxalocetic acid |
| C. | pyruvic acid |
| D. | acetyl coenzyme A |
| Answer» D. acetyl coenzyme A | |
| 6. |
Complete oxidation of glucose in aerobic respiration can yield a net output of _____ATP. |
| A. | 40 |
| B. | 6 |
| C. | 38 |
| D. | 2 |
| Answer» D. 2 | |
| 7. |
Fermentation of a glucose molecule has the potential to produce a net number of _____ATPs. |
| A. | 4 |
| B. | 2 |
| C. | 40 |
| Answer» C. 40 | |
| 8. |
Exergonic reactions |
| A. | release potential energy |
| B. | consume energy |
| C. | form bonds |
| D. | occur only outside the cell |
| Answer» B. consume energy | |
| 9. |
Most oxidation reactions in microbial bioenergetics involve the |
| A. | removal of electrons and hydrogens |
| B. | addition of electrons and hydrogens |
| C. | addition of oxygen |
| D. | removal of oxygen |
| Answer» B. addition of electrons and hydrogens | |
| 10. |
A reduced compound is |
| A. | NAD |
| B. | FAD |
| C. | NADH |
| D. | ADP |
| Answer» D. ADP | |
| 11. |
As a general rule, the template strand on DNA will always begin with |
| A. | TAC |
| B. | AUG |
| C. | ATG |
| D. | UAC |
| Answer» B. AUG | |
| 12. |
For mutations to have an effect on populations of microbes, they must be |
| A. | inheritable |
| B. | permanent |
| C. | beneficial |
| D. | a and b |
| Answer» E. | |
| 13. |
The lac operon is usually in the ___position and is activated by a/an ____molecule. |
| A. | on, repressor |
| B. | off, inducer |
| C. | on, inducer |
| D. | off, repressor |
| Answer» C. on, inducer | |
| 14. |
Transfer RNA is the molecule that |
| A. | contributes to the structure of ribosomes |
| B. | adapts the genetic code to protein structure |
| C. | transfers the DNA code to mRNA |
| D. | provides the master code for amino acids |
| Answer» C. transfers the DNA code to mRNA | |
| 15. |
Messenger RNA is formed by _____of a gene on the DNA template strand. |
| A. | contributes to the structure of ribosome s |
| B. | adapts the genetic code to protein structure |
| C. | transfers the DNA code to mRNA |
| D. | provides the master code for amino acids |
| Answer» B. adapts the genetic code to protein structure | |
| 16. |
Why must the lagging strand of DNA be replicated in short pieces? |
| A. | because of limited space |
| B. | otherwise, the helix will become distorted |
| C. | the DNA polymerase can synthesize in only one direction |
| D. | to make proofreading of code easier |
| Answer» D. to make proofreading of code easier | |
| 17. |
The base pairs are held together primarily by |
| A. | covalent bonds |
| B. | hydrogen bonds |
| C. | ionic bonds |
| D. | gyrases |
| Answer» C. ionic bonds | |
| 18. |
In DNA, adenine is the complementary base for _____, and cytosine is the complement for ______. |
| A. | guanine, thymine |
| B. | uracil, guanine |
| C. | thymine, guanine |
| D. | thymine, uracil |
| Answer» D. thymine, uracil | |
| 19. |
DNA replication is semiconservative because the ______strand will become half of the ________molecule. |
| A. | RNA, DNA |
| B. | template, finished |
| C. | sense, mRNA |
| D. | codon, anticodon |
| Answer» C. sense, mRNA | |
| 20. |
The nitrogen bases in DNA are bonded to the |
| A. | phosphate |
| B. | deoxyribose |
| C. | ribose |
| D. | hydrogen |
| Answer» C. ribose | |
| 21. |
Pseudomonas pseudoflava can grow as |
| A. | chemo-lithotrophs |
| B. | chemo-organotrophs |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 22. |
The ability of Vibrio fischeri to produce bioluminescence chemicals only when a certain population density has been reached is an example of |
| A. | Liebig's law of the minimum |
| B. | Shelford's law of tolerance |
| C. | quorum sensing |
| D. | Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty |
| Answer» D. Heisenberg's principle of uncertainty | |
| 23. |
The source of the necessary elements of life is: |
| A. | an inorganic environmental reservoir |
| B. | the sun |
| C. | rocks |
| D. | the air |
| Answer» B. the sun | |
| 24. |
An organic nutrient essential to an organism s metabolism that cannot be synthesized itself is termed a/an: |
| A. | trace element |
| B. | micronutrient |
| C. | growth factor |
| D. | essential nutrient |
| Answer» D. essential nutrient | |
| 25. |
Name the protein which plays an important role in cell division? |
| A. | Actin |
| B. | FtsZ |
| C. | HSP |
| D. | HU |
| Answer» C. HSP | |
| 26. |
Superoxide ion is toxic to strict anaerobes because they lack: |
| A. | catalase |
| B. | peroxidase |
| C. | dismutase |
| D. | oxidase |
| Answer» D. oxidase | |
| 27. |
The time required for a cell to undergo binary fission is called the: |
| A. | exponential growth rate |
| B. | growth curve |
| C. | generation time |
| D. | lag period |
| Answer» D. lag period | |
| 28. |
Name those bacteria which obtain energy from chemical compounds? |
| A. | Chemotrophs |
| B. | Phototrophs |
| C. | Organotrophs |
| D. | Heterotrophs |
| Answer» B. Phototrophs | |
| 29. |
Name the type of bacteria which uses Co2 as a sole source of carbon for growth. |
| A. | Organotrophs |
| B. | Heterotrophs |
| C. | Autotrophs |
| D. | Lithotrophs |
| Answer» D. Lithotrophs | |
| 30. |
Microaerophilic bacteria are those which require |
| A. | 21 % oxygen for growth |
| B. | low levels of oxygen for growth |
| C. | oxygen for activation of enzymes |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. oxygen for activation of enzymes | |
| 31. |
The exact composition of complex media should be known. |
| A. | True |
| B. | False |
| Answer» C. | |
| 32. |
Which of the following species falls under the category of hydrogen-producing bacteria? |
| A. | Thiobacillus thiooxidans |
| B. | Nitrosomonas europaea |
| C. | Nitrobacter winogradskyi |
| D. | Alkaligenes eutrophus |
| Answer» E. | |
| 33. |
Purple and green non-sulfur bacteria belongs to which of the following classes? |
| A. | Photolithoautotrophy |
| B. | Photoorganohetrotrophy |
| C. | Chemolithoautotrophy |
| D. | Chemoorganohetrotrophy |
| Answer» C. Chemolithoautotrophy | |
| 34. |
Nitrifying bacteria belongs to the nutritional class of_______ |
| A. | Chemoorganoautotrophy |
| B. | Photolithoautrophy |
| C. | Chemolithoautotrophy |
| D. | Photoorganohetrotrophy |
| Answer» D. Photoorganohetrotrophy | |
| 35. |
Name the type of bacteria which uses reduced inorganic substances as an electron source? |
| A. | Autotrophs |
| B. | Chemotrophs |
| C. | Organotrophs |
| D. | Lithotrophs |
| Answer» E. | |
| 36. |
Which of the following bacteria does not belong to photolithoautotrophy nutritional class? |
| A. | Thiomargarita namibiensis |
| B. | Purple sulfur bacteria |
| C. | Blue-green bacteria |
| D. | Green sulfur bacteria |
| Answer» B. Purple sulfur bacteria | |
| 37. |
Psychrophiles would be expected to grow: |
| A. | in hot springs |
| B. | on the human body |
| C. | at refrigeration temperatures |
| D. | at low pH |
| Answer» D. at low pH | |
| 38. |
Active transport of a substance across a membrane requires: |
| A. | a gradient |
| B. | the expenditure of ATP |
| C. | water |
| D. | diffusion |
| Answer» C. water | |
| 39. |
A cell exposed to a hypertonic environment will _____by osmosis: |
| A. | gain water |
| B. | lose water |
| C. | neither gain nor lose water |
| D. | burst |
| Answer» C. neither gain nor lose water | |
| 40. |
Which of the following is true of passive transport? |
| A. | it requires a gradient |
| B. | it uses the cell wall |
| C. | it includes endocytosis |
| D. | it only moves water |
| Answer» B. it uses the cell wall | |
| 41. |
A pathogen would most accurately be described as a: |
| A. | parasite |
| B. | commensal |
| C. | saprobe |
| D. | symbiont |
| Answer» B. commensal | |
| 42. |
Which of the following statements is true for all organisms? |
| A. | they require organic nutrients |
| B. | they require inorganic nutrients |
| C. | they require growth factors |
| D. | they require oxygen gas |
| Answer» C. they require growth factors | |
| 43. |
An obligate halophile requires high: |
| A. | pH |
| B. | temerperature |
| C. | salt |
| D. | pressure |
| Answer» D. pressure | |
| 44. |
An organism that can synthesize all its required organic components from CO2 using energy from the sun is a: |
| A. | photoautotroph |
| B. | photoheterotroph |
| C. | chemoautotroph |
| D. | chemoheterotroph |
| Answer» B. photoheterotroph | |
| 45. |
Which of these is NOT a selective media? |
| A. | Blood agar |
| B. | Eosin methylene blue agar |
| C. | MacConkey agar |
| D. | Mannitol salt agar |
| Answer» B. Eosin methylene blue agar | |
| 46. |
Energy is carried from catabolic to anabolic reactions in the form of _______ |
| A. | ADP |
| B. | consume energy |
| C. | coenzymes |
| D. | inorganic phosphate |
| Answer» C. coenzymes | |
| 47. |
Energy in biological systems is primarily |
| A. | electrical |
| B. | chemical |
| C. | radiant |
| D. | mechanical |
| Answer» C. radiant | |
| 48. |
To digest cellulose in its environment, a fungus produces a/an |
| A. | endoenzyme |
| B. | exoenzyme |
| C. | catalase |
| D. | polymerase |
| Answer» C. catalase | |
| 49. |
Many coenzymes are |
| A. | metals |
| B. | vitamins |
| C. | proteins |
| D. | substrates |
| Answer» C. proteins | |
| 50. |
An apoenzyme is where the _____is located. |
| A. | cofactor |
| B. | coenzyme |
| C. | redox reaction |
| D. | active site |
| Answer» E. | |