MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 18 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your History and Philosophy of Science knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
The notion that science is gradually moving towards a better understanding of the ‘reality out there’ is the predominant feature of ……. |
| A. | Realism |
| B. | Determinism |
| C. | Scientific realism |
| D. | Idealism |
| Answer» D. Idealism | |
| 2. |
…….. claims that science is getting closer and closer to a single, correct account of the world. |
| A. | Anti realism |
| B. | Idealism |
| C. | Progressivism |
| D. | Phenomenalism |
| Answer» D. Phenomenalism | |
| 3. |
…….. contended that observed universe is illusory and only mental experiences are real. |
| A. | Idealism |
| B. | Naturalism |
| C. | Realism |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» B. Naturalism | |
| 4. |
Who discovered that sudden mutations might appear in plants and could get transmitted to future generations? |
| A. | Hugo de Vries |
| B. | Gregor Mendel |
| C. | Darwin |
| D. | Linnaeus |
| Answer» B. Gregor Mendel | |
| 5. |
Who challenged the very idea that scientific progress was a steady, linear, cumulative, and rational process. |
| A. | Karl Popper |
| B. | Newton |
| C. | Thomas Kuhn |
| D. | John Gray |
| Answer» D. John Gray | |
| 6. |
……….. argue that evolution should have nothing to do with taxonomy and we should proceed purely by traditional considerations of appearances and similarities. |
| A. | Taxonomists |
| B. | Pheneticists |
| C. | Cladists |
| D. | None of These |
| Answer» C. Cladists | |
| 7. |
The new approach introduced by Lakatos to resolve the contradiction between Kuhn’s and Popper’s approaches is known as …,.,.. |
| A. | Methodology of Research Programme |
| B. | Methodology of Research Tradition |
| C. | Methodology of Research Progress |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» B. Methodology of Research Tradition | |
| 8. |
Who defines technological infrastruture as a historically determined set of mutually supporting artifacts and structures that enable human activity, and provide the means for its development. |
| A. | Joseph Pitt |
| B. | Thomas Kuhn |
| C. | Karl Popper |
| D. | Laudan |
| Answer» B. Thomas Kuhn | |
| 9. |
Philosophy of …… closely monitors the current work in cognitive neurosciences, evolutionary psychology, and artificial intelligence. |
| A. | Science |
| B. | Biology |
| C. | Physics |
| D. | Psychology |
| Answer» E. | |
| 10. |
The notion that the various concepts, models, theories, etc. that scientists use to explore and explain the phenomena can themselves be reduced to the concepts, models, theories of a more basic science, is known as ….. |
| A. | Ontological reduction |
| B. | Epistemological reduction |
| C. | Axiological reduction |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» C. Axiological reduction | |
| 11. |
The philosopher of the 20 th century , who objected to the foundation of inductive reasoning is …… |
| A. | John Stuart Mill |
| B. | Newton |
| C. | Karl Popper |
| D. | John Gray |
| Answer» D. John Gray | |
| 12. |
……….. holds that all propositions, either about the past, present or future, are either true or false. |
| A. | Environmental determinism |
| B. | Biological determinism |
| C. | Logical determinism |
| D. | Casual determinism |
| Answer» D. Casual determinism | |
| 13. |
…………. says that physical environment,rather than social conditions, determines culture. |
| A. | Casual determinism |
| B. | Logical determinism |
| C. | Environmental determinism |
| D. | Biological determinism |
| Answer» C. Environmental determinism | |
| 14. |
When Newton published the Principia, he was forced to acknowledge that one of the results obtained by this person. Who was this person? |
| A. | Kepler |
| B. | Leibniz |
| C. | Hooke |
| D. | Wren |
| Answer» C. Hooke | |
| 15. |
………… is the theory that all behaviour, belief and desire are governed by our genetic make up. |
| A. | Environmental determinism |
| B. | Biological determinism |
| C. | Casual determinism |
| D. | Logical determinism |
| Answer» C. Casual determinism | |
| 16. |
The credit for discovering the Microscope is usually shared by the Hansens, Leewenhock, and Robert Hooke. But only one of them managed to see any micro‐ organisms through his magnifying glass, and to produce reasonable sketches. This was done by …….. |
| A. | Robert Hooke |
| B. | Hans Jansen |
| C. | Sakharias Jansen |
| D. | Leeuwenhock |
| Answer» E. | |
| 17. |
Louis Pasteur, Edward Jenner, Robert Koch and Ronald Ross were associated in the establishment of the Germ Theory. Which one of them was born in India? |
| A. | Pasteur |
| B. | Jenner |
| C. | Koch |
| D. | Ross |
| Answer» E. | |
| 18. |
It has been said that the French Revolution was inspired by philosophers. Who among the following philosophers does not belong to this group? |
| A. | Rousseau |
| B. | Voltaire |
| C. | Helvetius |
| D. | Descartes |
| Answer» E. | |