A proportional integral (PI) controller results in which of the following ?

Improves the transient response without affecting steady state response

Improves the steady state response without affecting transient response

Improves both transient response and steady state response

Improves the steady state response while marginally affecting transient response, for well designed control parameters

In a feedback control system, the derivative (D) controller has an output proportional to:

\(\int {e\left( t \right)\,dt}\)

\(\dfrac{E\left( s\right)}{s}\)

Direction: The following item consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the code given below:Statement I: For type-II or higher systems, lead compensator may be used.Statement II: Lead compensator increases the margin of stability.

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Direction: The following item consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the code given below:Statement I: Stability of a system deteriorates when integral control is incorporated into it.Statement II: With integral control action, the order of a system increases and higher the order of the system, more the system tends to become unstable.

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I

Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Statement I is true but Statement II is false

Statement I is false but Statement II is true

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List I List IIA.PI control1.Relay controllerB.PD control2.Lead lag compensatorC.PID control3.Lead compensatorD.On-off control4.Lag compensator

A – 1, B – 3, C – 2, D – 4

A – 4, B – 2, C – 3, D - 1

A – 4, B – 3, C – 2, D - 1

A – 1, B – 3, C – 2, D – 4

Assertion (A): The closed-loop pole-zero dipole introduced by the PI controller does not contribute significantly to the transient response of the closed-loop system.Reason (R): The PI controller adds a pole at s = 0 and a zero at s = −z to the closed-loop transfer function.

Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

For the following network to work as lag compensator, the value of R2 would be

\({R_2}C \le \frac{{R_1^2C}}{2}\)

An electrical network shown in figure What type of compensator is this?

Neither phase lead nor phase lag compensator

An effect of phase-lag compensation on servo-system performance is that

for a given relative stability, the velocity constant is decreased

for a given relative stability, the velocity constant is increased

for a given relative stability, the velocity constant is decreased

the bandwidth of the system is increased

the time response of the system is made faster

Directions: The item consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’.You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to the item using the codes given below:Assertion (A): Integral windup effect in controller causes excessive overshoot.Reason (R): Presence of saturation in controller and actuator deteriorates the PID control.

Both A and R individually true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A

By adding zero to the system transfer function, the improvement to transient response is called as:

Phase lag and phase lead compensation

Phase lead and phase lag compensation

Direction: It consists of two statements, one labelled as Statement (I) and the other as Statement (II). Examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:Statement (I): Inductor is not used to realize a lag network.Statement (II): Inductor produces time delay and hysteresis loss.

Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false

Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

In the industrial control system, which one of the following methods is most commonly used in designing a system for meeting performance specifications?

PID controllers are implemented using Ziegler -- Nichols method after determining the system transfer function

The transfer function is first determined and then either a lead compensation or lag compensation is implemented

The transfer function is first determined and PID controllers are implemented by mathematically determining PID constants

PID controllers are implemented without the knowledge of the system parameters using Ziegler— Nichols method

PID controllers are implemented using Ziegler -- Nichols method after determining the system transfer function

Directions: The question consists of two statements, one labeled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other labeled as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:Statement (I): A PI controller increases the order of a system by units but reduces the steady-state error.Statement (II): A PI controller introduces a pole at either the origin or at the desired point on the negative real axis.

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false

Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:List - IList II(a)(i) A lead-lag network(b)(ii) A lag network(c) (iii) A bridge-T filter network(d) (iv) A lead network

(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)

(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)

Considering the filtering property, the lead compensators and lag compensators are categorized respectively as

High pass and high pass filters

Phase lead compensation

increases bandwidth and increases steady-state error

decreases bandwidth and decreases steady-state error

will not affect bandwidth but decreases steady-state error

increases bandwidth but will not affect steady-state error

34 + Mcqs in Controllers And Compensators in Control Systems Page 1 McqOptions

1.	In the phase lead compensation network the phase of ______ leads the phase of ______
A.	input voltage, output voltage
B.	input voltage. input voltage
C.	output voltage, input voltage
D.	output voltage, output voltage
Answer» D. output voltage, output voltage

Discussion

2.	A proportional integral (PI) controller results in which of the following ?
A.	Improves the transient response without affecting steady state response
B.	Improves the steady state response without affecting transient response
C.	Improves both transient response and steady state response
D.	Improves the steady state response while marginally affecting transient response, for well designed control parameters
Answer» E.

Discussion

3.	Phase lead occurs at:
A.	low frequency regions
B.	high frequency regions
C.	moderate frequencies
D.	very low frequency regions
Answer» C. moderate frequencies

Discussion

4.	A plant is controlled by a proportional controller. If a time delay element is introduced in the loop, its
A.	Phase margin remains the same
B.	Phase margin increases
C.	Phase margin decreases
D.	Gain margin increases
Answer» D. Gain margin increases

Discussion

5.	In a feedback control system, the derivative (D) controller has an output proportional to:
A.	\(\int {e\left( t \right)\,dt}\)
B.	\(\dfrac{E\left( s\right)}{s}\)
C.	\(\dfrac{de}{dt}\)
D.	e (t)
Answer» D. e (t)

Discussion

6.	Direction: The following item consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the code given below:Statement I: For type-II or higher systems, lead compensator may be used.Statement II: Lead compensator increases the margin of stability.
A.	Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
B.	Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
C.	Statement I is true but Statement II is false
D.	Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Answer» B. Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Discussion

7.	A condition where integral control drives the output of a controller into saturation is called ______
A.	Wind - Up
B.	Noise
C.	Repeat
D.	Offset
Answer» B. Noise

Discussion

8.	Direction: The following item consists of two statements, one labelled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the code given below:Statement I: Stability of a system deteriorates when integral control is incorporated into it.Statement II: With integral control action, the order of a system increases and higher the order of the system, more the system tends to become unstable.
A.	Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true and Statement II is the correct explanation of Statement I
B.	Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I
C.	Statement I is true but Statement II is false
D.	Statement I is false but Statement II is true
Answer» B. Both Statement I and Statement II are individually true but Statement II is not the correct explanation of Statement I

Discussion

9.	Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List I List IIA.PI control1.Relay controllerB.PD control2.Lead lag compensatorC.PID control3.Lead compensatorD.On-off control4.Lag compensator
A.	A – 4, B – 2, C – 3, D - 1
B.	A - 1, B – 2, C – 3, D - 4
C.	A – 4, B – 3, C – 2, D - 1
D.	A – 1, B – 3, C – 2, D – 4
Answer» D. A – 1, B – 3, C – 2, D – 4

Discussion

10.	A phase lead compensating network ha its transfer function \(G_c (s)=\frac{10(1+0.04s)}{(1+0.01s)}\).The maximum phase lead occurs at a frequency of
A.	50 rad/s
B.	25 rad/s
C.	10 rad/s
D.	4 rad/s
Answer» B. 25 rad/s

Discussion

11.	Assertion (A): The closed-loop pole-zero dipole introduced by the PI controller does not contribute significantly to the transient response of the closed-loop system.Reason (R): The PI controller adds a pole at s = 0 and a zero at s = −z to the closed-loop transfer function.
A.	Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
B.	Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
C.	(A) is true, but (R) is false
D.	(A) is false, but (R) is true
Answer» D. (A) is false, but (R) is true

Discussion

12.	For the following network to work as lag compensator, the value of R2 would be
A.	R2 ≥ 20 Ω
B.	R2 ≤ 10 Ω
C.	\({R_2}C \le \frac{{R_1^2C}}{2}\)
D.	Any value of R2
Answer» E.

Discussion

13.	A compensator with the transfer function \(G\left( s \right) = \frac{{1 + 0.1\tau s}}{{1 + s\tau }}\) can give maximum gain of
A.	-20 dB
B.	-10 dB
C.	0 dB
D.	20 dB
Answer» D. 20 dB

Discussion

14.	An R-C network has the transfer function \({G_C}\left( s \right) = \frac{{{s^2} + 10s + 24}}{{{s^2} + 10s + 16}}\)The network could be used as1. lead compensator2. lag compensator3. lag-lead compensatorWhich of the above is/are correct?
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	1, 2 and 3
Answer» D. 1, 2 and 3

Discussion

15.	A phase lead network has the transfer function \(G\left( s \right) = \frac{{1 + 0.2s}}{{1 + 0.05s}}\). The angular frequency at which the maximum phase shift for the network occurs is
A.	10 rad/s
B.	20 rad/s
C.	100 rad/s
D.	200 rad/s
Answer» B. 20 rad/s

Discussion

16.	An electrical network shown in figure What type of compensator is this?
A.	Phase lead compensator
B.	Phase lag compensator
C.	Lag-lead compensator
D.	Neither phase lead nor phase lag compensator
Answer» C. Lag-lead compensator

Discussion

17.	An effect of phase-lag compensation on servo-system performance is that
A.	for a given relative stability, the velocity constant is increased
B.	for a given relative stability, the velocity constant is decreased
C.	the bandwidth of the system is increased
D.	the time response of the system is made faster
Answer» B. for a given relative stability, the velocity constant is decreased

Discussion

18.	A feedforward proportional-derivative (PD) compensator in a closed loop system
A.	reduces steady state accuracy
B.	improves steady state accuracy
C.	reduces stability
D.	improves stability
Answer» E.

Discussion

19.	Directions: The item consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Assertion (A)’ and the other as ‘Reason (R)’.You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to the item using the codes given below:Assertion (A): Integral windup effect in controller causes excessive overshoot.Reason (R): Presence of saturation in controller and actuator deteriorates the PID control.
A.	Both A and R individually true and R is the correct explanation of A
B.	Both A and R are individually true but R is not the correct explanation of A
C.	A is true but R is false
D.	A is false but R is true
Answer» C. A is true but R is false

Discussion

20.	By adding zero to the system transfer function, the improvement to transient response is called as:
A.	Phase lead compensation
B.	Phase lag compensation
C.	Phase lag and phase lead compensation
D.	Phase lead and phase lag compensation
Answer» B. Phase lag compensation

Discussion

21.	In a closed-loop process control system with a PID controller, _________ response depends only on the difference between set point and the process variable.
A.	proportional
B.	integral
C.	differential
D.	All of these
Answer» E.

Discussion

22.	A PD compensated system has _______ as compared to uncompensated system.
A.	Less damping
B.	Higher transient overshoot
C.	Greater noise amplification
D.	Higher Type value
Answer» D. Higher Type value

Discussion

23.	A dc motor model \(G(s) = \frac {1}{s(s+1)}\) is to obtain a steady state error of less than 0.1 for a unit ramp input. The above design specification can be achieved by a feed forward lead compensator whose steady state gain must be greater than
A.	100
B.	10
C.	1
D.	0.1
Answer» C. 1

Discussion

24.	A proportional plus derivative controller:1. has high sensitivity.2. increases the stability of the system.3. improves steady-state accuracy.Which of the above statements are correct?
A.	1, 2, and 3
B.	1 and 2 only
C.	1 and 3 only
D.	2 and 3 only
Answer» C. 1 and 3 only

Discussion

25.	Direction: It consists of two statements, one labelled as Statement (I) and the other as Statement (II). Examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:Statement (I): Inductor is not used to realize a lag network.Statement (II): Inductor produces time delay and hysteresis loss.
A.	Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)
B.	Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)
C.	Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
D.	Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Answer» B. Both statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is not the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Discussion

26.	In the industrial control system, which one of the following methods is most commonly used in designing a system for meeting performance specifications?
A.	The transfer function is first determined and then either a lead compensation or lag compensation is implemented
B.	The transfer function is first determined and PID controllers are implemented by mathematically determining PID constants
C.	PID controllers are implemented without the knowledge of the system parameters using Ziegler— Nichols method
D.	PID controllers are implemented using Ziegler -- Nichols method after determining the system transfer function
Answer» D. PID controllers are implemented using Ziegler -- Nichols method after determining the system transfer function

Discussion

27.	If the transfer function of a compensator is represented as: \(G_c(s) = \frac{5 (1 + 0.3s)}{(1 + 0.1s)}\)How much maximum phase shift can it add to the system?
A.	20°
B.	45°
C.	30°
D.	60°
Answer» D. 60°

Discussion

28.	Directions: The question consists of two statements, one labeled as ‘Statement (I)’ and the other labeled as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answers to these items using the codes given below:Statement (I): A PI controller increases the order of a system by units but reduces the steady-state error.Statement (II): A PI controller introduces a pole at either the origin or at the desired point on the negative real axis.
A.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)
B.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)
C.	Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
D.	Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Answer» B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Discussion

29.	Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:List - IList II(a)(i) A lead-lag network(b)(ii) A lag network(c) (iii) A bridge-T filter network(d) (iv) A lead network
A.	(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(i), (d)-(ii)
B.	(a)-(iii), (b)-(iv), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
C.	(a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)
D.	(a)-(ii), (b)-(iii), (c)-(i), (d)-(iv)
Answer» C. (a)-(iv), (b)-(iii), (c)-(ii), (d)-(i)

Discussion

30.	Derivative feedback is employed in the control system shown in the figure, to improve its damping. If the required damping factor of the system is 0.5, the value of Kd must be adjusted to:
A.	4
B.	19
C.	0.25
D.	6
Answer» C. 0.25

Discussion

31.	A liquid level controller linearly converts a displacement of 2 m to 3 m into a 4 - 20 mA control signal. A relay serves as a two-position controller to open and close an inlet valve. The relay closes at 12 mA and opens at 10 mA. The hysteresis zone is
A.	0.1 m
B.	0.125 m
C.	0.15 m
D.	0.2 m
Answer» C. 0.15 m

Discussion

32.	If r = 1 in the \(G(s) = \frac {1 + 0.1rs}{1 + rs}\), then the compensator can give the minimum phase at a frequency of
A.	\(\sqrt {0.1}\) rad / s
B.	0.777 rad / s
C.	1 rad / s
D.	\(\sqrt {10}\) rad / s
Answer» E.

Discussion

33.	Considering the filtering property, the lead compensators and lag compensators are categorized respectively as
A.	Low pass and high pass filters
B.	High pass and low pass filters
C.	High pass and high pass filters
D.	Low pass and low pass filters
Answer» C. High pass and high pass filters

Discussion

34.	Phase lead compensation
A.	increases bandwidth and increases steady-state error
B.	decreases bandwidth and decreases steady-state error
C.	will not affect bandwidth but decreases steady-state error
D.	increases bandwidth but will not affect steady-state error
Answer» E.

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Control Systems.

In the phase lead compensation network the phase of leads the phase of

A proportional integral (PI) controller results in which of the following ?

Phase lead occurs at:

A plant is controlled by a proportional controller. If a time delay element is introduced in the loop, its

In a feedback control system, the derivative (D) controller has an output proportional to:

A condition where integral control drives the output of a controller into saturation is called ______

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List I List IIA.PI control1.Relay controllerB.PD control2.Lead lag compensatorC.PID control3.Lead compensatorD.On-off control4.Lag compensator

A phase lead compensating network ha its transfer function \(G_c (s)=\frac{10(1+0.04s)}{(1+0.01s)}\).The maximum phase lead occurs at a frequency of

Assertion (A): The closed-loop pole-zero dipole introduced by the PI controller does not contribute significantly to the transient response of the closed-loop system.Reason (R): The PI controller adds a pole at s = 0 and a zero at s = −z to the closed-loop transfer function.

For the following network to work as lag compensator, the value of R2 would be

A compensator with the transfer function \(G\left( s \right) = \frac{{1 + 0.1\tau s}}{{1 + s\tau }}\) can give maximum gain of

An R-C network has the transfer function \({G_C}\left( s \right) = \frac{{{s^2} + 10s + 24}}{{{s^2} + 10s + 16}}\)The network could be used as1. lead compensator2. lag compensator3. lag-lead compensatorWhich of the above is/are correct?

A phase lead network has the transfer function \(G\left( s \right) = \frac{{1 + 0.2s}}{{1 + 0.05s}}\). The angular frequency at which the maximum phase shift for the network occurs is

An electrical network shown in figure What type of compensator is this?

An effect of phase-lag compensation on servo-system performance is that

A feedforward proportional-derivative (PD) compensator in a closed loop system

By adding zero to the system transfer function, the improvement to transient response is called as:

In a closed-loop process control system with a PID controller, _________ response depends only on the difference between set point and the process variable.

A PD compensated system has _______ as compared to uncompensated system.

A dc motor model \(G(s) = \frac {1}{s(s+1)}\) is to obtain a steady state error of less than 0.1 for a unit ramp input. The above design specification can be achieved by a feed forward lead compensator whose steady state gain must be greater than

A proportional plus derivative controller:1. has high sensitivity.2. increases the stability of the system.3. improves steady-state accuracy.Which of the above statements are correct?

In the industrial control system, which one of the following methods is most commonly used in designing a system for meeting performance specifications?

If the transfer function of a compensator is represented as: \(G_c(s) = \frac{5 (1 + 0.3s)}{(1 + 0.1s)}\)How much maximum phase shift can it add to the system?

Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:List - IList II(a)(i) A lead-lag network(b)(ii) A lag network(c) (iii) A bridge-T filter network(d) (iv) A lead network

Derivative feedback is employed in the control system shown in the figure, to improve its damping. If the required damping factor of the system is 0.5, the value of Kd must be adjusted to:

A liquid level controller linearly converts a displacement of 2 m to 3 m into a 4 - 20 mA control signal. A relay serves as a two-position controller to open and close an inlet valve. The relay closes at 12 mA and opens at 10 mA. The hysteresis zone is

If r = 1 in the \(G(s) = \frac {1 + 0.1rs}{1 + rs}\), then the compensator can give the minimum phase at a frequency of

Considering the filtering property, the lead compensators and lag compensators are categorized respectively as

Phase lead compensation

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Control Systems.

In the phase lead compensation network the phase of ______ leads the phase of ______

A proportional integral (PI) controller results in which of the following ?

Phase lead occurs at:

A plant is controlled by a proportional controller. If a time delay element is introduced in the loop, its

In a feedback control system, the derivative (D) controller has an output proportional to:

A condition where integral control drives the output of a controller into saturation is called ______

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists: List I List IIA.PI control1.Relay controllerB.PD control2.Lead lag compensatorC.PID control3.Lead compensatorD.On-off control4.Lag compensator

A phase lead compensating network ha its transfer function \(G_c (s)=\frac{10(1+0.04s)}{(1+0.01s)}\).The maximum phase lead occurs at a frequency of

Assertion (A): The closed-loop pole-zero dipole introduced by the PI controller does not contribute significantly to the transient response of the closed-loop system.Reason (R): The PI controller adds a pole at s = 0 and a zero at s = −z to the closed-loop transfer function.

For the following network to work as lag compensator, the value of R2 would be

A compensator with the transfer function \(G\left( s \right) = \frac{{1 + 0.1\tau s}}{{1 + s\tau }}\) can give maximum gain of

An R-C network has the transfer function \({G_C}\left( s \right) = \frac{{{s^2} + 10s + 24}}{{{s^2} + 10s + 16}}\)The network could be used as1. lead compensator2. lag compensator3. lag-lead compensatorWhich of the above is/are correct?

A phase lead network has the transfer function \(G\left( s \right) = \frac{{1 + 0.2s}}{{1 + 0.05s}}\). The angular frequency at which the maximum phase shift for the network occurs is

An electrical network shown in figure What type of compensator is this?

An effect of phase-lag compensation on servo-system performance is that

A feedforward proportional-derivative (PD) compensator in a closed loop system

By adding zero to the system transfer function, the improvement to transient response is called as:

In a closed-loop process control system with a PID controller, _________ response depends only on the difference between set point and the process variable.

A PD compensated system has _______ as compared to uncompensated system.

A dc motor model \(G(s) = \frac {1}{s(s+1)}\) is to obtain a steady state error of less than 0.1 for a unit ramp input. The above design specification can be achieved by a feed forward lead compensator whose steady state gain must be greater than

A proportional plus derivative controller:1. has high sensitivity.2. increases the stability of the system.3. improves steady-state accuracy.Which of the above statements are correct?

In the industrial control system, which one of the following methods is most commonly used in designing a system for meeting performance specifications?

If the transfer function of a compensator is represented as: \(G_c(s) = \frac{5 (1 + 0.3s)}{(1 + 0.1s)}\)How much maximum phase shift can it add to the system?

Match the two lists and choose the correct answer from the code given below:List - IList II(a)(i) A lead-lag network(b)(ii) A lag network(c) (iii) A bridge-T filter network(d) (iv) A lead network

Derivative feedback is employed in the control system shown in the figure, to improve its damping. If the required damping factor of the system is 0.5, the value of Kd must be adjusted to:

A liquid level controller linearly converts a displacement of 2 m to 3 m into a 4 - 20 mA control signal. A relay serves as a two-position controller to open and close an inlet valve. The relay closes at 12 mA and opens at 10 mA. The hysteresis zone is

If r = 1 in the \(G(s) = \frac {1 + 0.1rs}{1 + rs}\), then the compensator can give the minimum phase at a frequency of

Considering the filtering property, the lead compensators and lag compensators are categorized respectively as

Phase lead compensation

In the phase lead compensation network the phase of leads the phase of