Directions: It consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): A forward dc-to-dc converter require a minimum load at the output.Statement (II): Without minimum load excess output voltage can be produced.

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false

Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true

A step-down chopper operates from a DC voltage source Vs and feeds a DC motor armature with counter emf Eb. From oscilloscope traces it is found that current increases for time tr, falls to zero over a time tf and remains zero for a time t0 in every chopping cycle. Then the average voltage across the motor would be

$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$

$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$

$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{c}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{f}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$

$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{0}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$

$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$

A chopper can be used on:

Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) only

Directions: It consists of two statements, one labeled as the ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): A switched-mode dc power supply has high efficiency and light weight.Statement (II): A switched mode power supply uses a dc to dc switching converter switched at high frequency.

Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but statement (II) is not the correct explanation of statement (I)

Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and statement (II) is the correct explanation of statement (II)

Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but statement (II) is not the correct explanation of statement (I)

Statement (I) is true but statement (II) is false

Statement (I) is false but statement (II) is true

Multiple quadrant operation of Luo converters are second generator converters, they have three modes

Four quadrant in forward operationTwo quadrant in reverse operationTwo quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter

Two quadrant in forward operationTwo quadrant in reverse operationFour quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter

Four quadrant in forward operationTwo quadrant in reverse operationTwo quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter

Two quadrant in forward operationFour quadrant in reverse operationFour quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter

Four quadrant in forward operationFour quadrant in reverse operationFour quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter

If ‘α’ is the duty cycle, the output of the following circuit is given by

${V_{out}} = \frac{{{V_{in}}}}{{1 + \alpha }}$

${V_{out}} = \frac{1}{\alpha }.\;{V_{in}}$

${V_{out}} = \frac{{{V_{in}}}}{{1 - \alpha \;}}$

In a forward converter, a tertiary winding is used. What is the reason?

To provide di/dt protection to the switching device

To provide dv/dt protection to the switching device

To provide electrical isolation between the input and output

To demagnetize the core before the application of the next switching pulse

A self-commutating switch SW, operated at duty cycle $\delta$ is used to control the load voltage as shown in the figure.Under steady state operating conditions, the average voltage across the inductor and the capacitor respectively, are

${V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}$ and ${V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$

${V_L} = 0$ and ${V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$

${V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}$ and ${V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$

${V_L} = 0$ and ${V_C} = \frac{\delta }{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$

${V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}$ and ${V_C} = \frac{\delta }{{1 + \delta }}{V_{dc}}$

Find the output voltage expression for a step down chopper with Vs as the input voltage and ‚âà√≠¬¨¬± as the duty cycle.$#

Vo = Vs x ‚âà√≠¬¨¬±

Vo = 2Vs/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±‚âà√¨‚àö√ë

High speed semiconductor switch

A chopper may be thought as a

DC equivalent of an AC transformer

DC equivalent of an induction motor

40 + Mcqs in Choppers in Power Electronics Page 1 McqOptions

1.	If chopper frequency is 1 kHz and ON time is 0.5 m sec., the duty cycle is
A.	0.6
B.	0.5
C.	0.8
D.	None of the above
Answer» C. 0.8

Discussion

2.	A Buck - converter is:
A.	AC to DC converter
B.	AC to AC converter
C.	DC to DC converter
D.	DC to AC converter
Answer» D. DC to AC converter

Discussion

3.	In line-side commutated circuit shown which component is to be replaced by an energy recovery transformer and a diode in order to limit overcharging of the capacitor?
A.	L1
B.	L
C.	T1
D.	Dm
Answer» D. Dm

Discussion

4.	A switched-capacitor network is/are1. Time variant sample data network2. Non linear network3. Linear time invariant network
A.	1 only
B.	2 only
C.	3 only
D.	1 and 2
Answer» B. 2 only

Discussion

5.	A buck converter has an input current of 2.4 A while required output current is 6 A. What will be the duty cycle of the converter? [Assume lossless system]
A.	0.4
B.	1
C.	0.8
D.	2
Answer» B. 1

Discussion

6.	Directions: It consists of two statements, one labelled as the ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. You are to examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): A forward dc-to-dc converter require a minimum load at the output.Statement (II): Without minimum load excess output voltage can be produced.
A.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and Statement (II) is the correct explanation of Statement (I)
B.	Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)
C.	Statement (I) is true but Statement (II) is false
D.	Statement (I) is false but Statement (II) is true
Answer» B. Both Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but Statement (II) is NOT the correct explanation of Statement (I)

Discussion

7.	A dc chopper is fed from 200 V dc. Output voltage is rectangular pulses with Ton = 1 ms and T = 3 ms. The average output voltage and ripple factor for this chopper are
A.	66.66 V, 1
B.	50 V, 1
C.	66.66 V, 1.5
D.	None of the above
Answer» D. None of the above

Discussion

8.	A step-down chopper operates from a DC voltage source Vs and feeds a DC motor armature with counter emf Eb. From oscilloscope traces it is found that current increases for time tr, falls to zero over a time tf and remains zero for a time t0 in every chopping cycle. Then the average voltage across the motor would be
A.	$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$
B.	$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{c}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{f}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$
C.	$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{0}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$
D.	$\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$
Answer» D. $\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}$

Discussion

9.	A DC chopper remains ON for 25μs and OFF for 5μs. What is the value of chopper frequency?
A.	50 kHz
B.	200 kHz
C.	40 kHz
D.	33.33 kHz
Answer» E.

Discussion

10.	A chopper circuit is operating on TRC control mode at a frequency of 2 kHz on a 230 V dc supply. For output voltage of 170 V, the conduction and blocking periods of a thyristor in each cycle are respectively
A.	0.386 ms and 0.114 ms
B.	0.369 ms and 0.131 ms
C.	0.390 ms and 0.110 ms
D.	0.131 ms and 0.369 ms
Answer» C. 0.390 ms and 0.110 ms

Discussion

11.	A boost chopper chops 5 V DC voltage to produce an average output of 30 V. The duty ratio is:
A.	5/6
B.	3/6
C.	18/3
D.	1/6
Answer» B. 3/6

Discussion

12.	In a DC chopper, if Ton is the on period and f is the switching frequency, then the output voltage in terms of input voltage Vs is given by:
A.	Vs.Ton/f
B.	Vs.f/Ton
C.	Vs/f.Ton
D.	Vs.f.Ton
Answer» E.

Discussion

13.	In dc choppers, the waveforms for input and output voltage are respectively
A.	Discontinuous, continuous
B.	Continuous, discontinuous
C.	Both continuous
D.	Both discontinuous
Answer» C. Both continuous

Discussion

14.	In the circuit shown, an ideal switch S is operated at 100 KHz with a duty ratio of 50%. Given that Δ icis 1.6 A peak to peak and Iois 5 A dc, the peak current in S is
A.	6.6 A
B.	5.0 A
C.	5.8 A
D.	4.2 A
Answer» D. 4.2 A

Discussion

15.	A chopper can be used on:
A.	Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) only
B.	Frequency Modulation (FM) only
C.	Amplitude Modulation (AM) only
D.	Both PWM and FM
Answer» E.

Discussion

16.	A DC-DC buck converter operates in continuous conduction mode. It has 48 V input voltage, and it feeds a resistive load of 24 Ω. The switching frequency of the converter is 250 Hz. If switch-on duration is 1 ms, the load power is
A.	6 W
B.	12 W
C.	24 W
D.	48 W
Answer» B. 12 W

Discussion

17.	Consider the following statements:Switched mode power supplies are preferred over the continuous types, because they are1. Suitable for use in both ac and dc2. More efficient3. Suitable for low-power circuits4. Suitable for high-power circuitsWhich of these statements are correct?
A.	1 and 2
B.	1 and 3
C.	2 and 3 only
D.	1 only
Answer» D. 1 only

Discussion

18.	In which of the following choppers do the voltage and current remain negative?
A.	Type-A
B.	Type-E
C.	Type-C
D.	Type-D
Answer» C. Type-C

Discussion

19.	Directions: It consists of two statements, one labeled as the ‘Statement (I)’ and the other as ‘Statement (II)’. Examine these two statements carefully and select the answer using the codes given below:Statement (I): A switched-mode dc power supply has high efficiency and light weight.Statement (II): A switched mode power supply uses a dc to dc switching converter switched at high frequency.
A.	Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true and statement (II) is the correct explanation of statement (II)
B.	Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but statement (II) is not the correct explanation of statement (I)
C.	Statement (I) is true but statement (II) is false
D.	Statement (I) is false but statement (II) is true
Answer» B. Statement (I) and Statement (II) are individually true but statement (II) is not the correct explanation of statement (I)

Discussion

20.	In a DC-DC switched-mode converter, if the output voltage polarity is opposite to input voltage, then this inverting regulator is called
A.	Buck regulator
B.	Buck-Boost regulator
C.	Cuk regulator
D.	Both (2) and (3)
Answer» E.

Discussion

21.	Multiple quadrant operation of Luo converters are second generator converters, they have three modes
A.	Two quadrant in forward operationTwo quadrant in reverse operationFour quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter
B.	Four quadrant in forward operationTwo quadrant in reverse operationTwo quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter
C.	Two quadrant in forward operationFour quadrant in reverse operationFour quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter
D.	Four quadrant in forward operationFour quadrant in reverse operationFour quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter
Answer» B. Four quadrant in forward operationTwo quadrant in reverse operationTwo quadrant in dc/dc Luo converter

Discussion

22.	In a step up operation, what is the condition to be satisfied for controllable power transfer?
A.	0 < VS < E
B.	0 < VS > E
C.	VS < E
D.	VS > E
Answer» B. 0 < VS > E

Discussion

23.	If ‘α’ is the duty cycle, the output of the following circuit is given by
A.	Vout = α Vin
B.	${V_{out}} = \frac{{{V_{in}}}}{{1 + \alpha }}$
C.	${V_{out}} = \frac{1}{\alpha }.\;{V_{in}}$
D.	${V_{out}} = \frac{{{V_{in}}}}{{1 - \alpha \;}}$
Answer» E.

Discussion

24.	A chopper has a source voltage of 100 V and load resistance of 10 Ω. For a duty cycle of 0.5, the rms value of output in volts will be
A.	25
B.	5
C.	70.7
D.	86.6
Answer» D. 86.6

Discussion

25.	In the following circuit of buck - boost regulator:Input voltage = 12V, duty cycle = 0.25 and switching frequency = 25 kHz, L = 125 μH and C = 220 μF. The average load current = 1.25A.Following statements are given:(a) Average output voltage = 4.8 V(b) Peak to peak output ripple voltage = 5.68 V(c) Average output voltage = − 4 V(d) Peak to peak output ripple voltage = 56.8 mVWhich one is the correct option:
A.	(a) and (b)
B.	(b) and (c)
C.	(c) and (d)
D.	(a) and (d)
Answer» D. (a) and (d)

Discussion

26.	A buck converter is used to control a d.c. motor. The input to a dc buck converter is 200 V. Find the duty ratio of the pulse to be applied to the converter to produce 150 V across the d.c. motor.
A.	60%
B.	50%
C.	35%
D.	75%
Answer» E.

Discussion

27.	In a forward converter, a tertiary winding is used. What is the reason?
A.	To provide di/dt protection to the switching device
B.	To provide dv/dt protection to the switching device
C.	To provide electrical isolation between the input and output
D.	To demagnetize the core before the application of the next switching pulse
Answer» E.

Discussion

28.	Choppers are _______ converters.
A.	DC to DC
B.	AC to AC
C.	AC to DC
D.	DC to AC
Answer» B. AC to AC

Discussion

29.	A self-commutating switch SW, operated at duty cycle $\delta$ is used to control the load voltage as shown in the figure.Under steady state operating conditions, the average voltage across the inductor and the capacitor respectively, are
A.	${V_L} = 0$ and ${V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$
B.	${V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}$ and ${V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$
C.	${V_L} = 0$ and ${V_C} = \frac{\delta }{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$
D.	${V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}$ and ${V_C} = \frac{\delta }{{1 + \delta }}{V_{dc}}$
Answer» B. ${V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}$ and ${V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}$

Discussion

30.	A boost converter with an input voltage of 5 V dc and an output voltage of 10 V dc will have a duty cycle of
A.	1 / 3
B.	1 / 2
C.	2 / 3
D.	3 / 4
Answer» C. 2 / 3

Discussion

31.	A buck DC to DC converter is applied with a voltage of 100 V and supplies a resistive load of 50 Ω. During ON state, it has a voltage drop of 2 V. The chopping frequency is 1 kHz and the duty ratio is 50%. Average and rms output voltages respectively are:
A.	98 V and 69.4 V
B.	24.5 V and 89.4 V
C.	49 V and 89.2 V
D.	49 V and 69.4 V
Answer» E.

Discussion

32.	IF_T_IS_THE_TIME_PERIOD_FOR_A_CHOPPER_CIRCUIT_AND_‚ÂÀ√≠¬¨¬±_IS_ITS_DUTY_CYCLE,_THEN_THE_CHOPPING_FREQUENCY_IS?$#
A.	Ton/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±
B.	Toff/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±
C.	‚âà√≠¬¨¬±/Toff
D.	‚âà√≠¬¨¬±/Ton
Answer» E.

Discussion

33.	Find the output voltage expression for a step down chopper with Vs as the input voltage and ‚âà√≠¬¨¬± as the duty cycle.$#
A.	Vo = Vs/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±
B.	Vo = Vs x ‚âà√≠¬¨¬±
C.	Vo = Vs<sup>2</sup>/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±
D.	Vo = 2Vs/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±‚âà√¨‚àö√ë
Answer» C. Vo = Vs<sup>2</sup>/‚âà√≠¬¨¬±

Discussion

34.	The values of duty cycle (‚âà√≠¬¨¬±) lies betwee?#
A.	0<‚âà√≠¬¨¬±<1
B.	0>‚âà√≠¬¨¬±>-1
C.	0<=‚âà√≠¬¨¬±<=1
D.	1<‚âà√≠¬¨¬±<100
Answer» D. 1<‚âà√≠¬¨¬±<100

Discussion

35.	The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the
A.	duty cycle
B.	firing angle
C.	reactor position
D.	extinction angle
Answer» B. firing angle

Discussion

36.	What is the duty cycle of a chopper ?
A.	Ton/Toff
B.	Ton/T
C.	T/Ton
D.	Toff x Ton
Answer» C. T/Ton

Discussion

37.	A chopper is a
A.	Time ratio controller
B.	AC to DC converter
C.	DC transformer
D.	High speed semiconductor switch
Answer» E.

Discussion

38.	Which device can be used in a chopper circuit?
A.	BJT
B.	MOSFET
C.	GTO
D.	All of the mentioned
Answer» E.

Discussion

39.	A chopper may be thought as a
A.	Inverter with DC input
B.	DC equivalent of an AC transformer
C.	Diode rectifier
D.	DC equivalent of an induction motor
Answer» C. Diode rectifier

Discussion

40.	Choppers converter
A.	AC to DC
B.	DC to AC
C.	DC to DC
D.	AC to AC
Answer» D. AC to AC

Discussion

29.	A self-commutating switch SW, operated at duty cycle \(\delta\) is used to control the load voltage as shown in the figure.Under steady state operating conditions, the average voltage across the inductor and the capacitor respectively, are
A.	\({V_L} = 0\) and \({V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}\)
B.	\({V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}\) and \({V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}\)
C.	\({V_L} = 0\) and \({V_C} = \frac{\delta }{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}\)
D.	\({V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}\) and \({V_C} = \frac{\delta }{{1 + \delta }}{V_{dc}}\)
Answer» B. \({V_L} = \frac{\delta }{2}{V_{dc}}\) and \({V_C} = \frac{1}{{1 - \delta }}{V_{dc}}\)

8.	A step-down chopper operates from a DC voltage source Vs and feeds a DC motor armature with counter emf Eb. From oscilloscope traces it is found that current increases for time tr, falls to zero over a time tf and remains zero for a time t0 in every chopping cycle. Then the average voltage across the motor would be
A.	\(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\)
B.	\(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{c}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{f}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\)
C.	\(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{0}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\)
D.	\(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\)
Answer» D. \(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\)

23.	If ‘α’ is the duty cycle, the output of the following circuit is given by
A.	Vout = α Vin
B.	\({V_{out}} = \frac{{{V_{in}}}}{{1 + \alpha }}\)
C.	\({V_{out}} = \frac{1}{\alpha }.\;{V_{in}}\)
D.	\({V_{out}} = \frac{{{V_{in}}}}{{1 - \alpha \;}}\)
Answer» E.

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Power Electronics.

If chopper frequency is 1 kHz and ON time is 0.5 m sec., the duty cycle is

A Buck - converter is:

In line-side commutated circuit shown which component is to be replaced by an energy recovery transformer and a diode in order to limit overcharging of the capacitor?

A switched-capacitor network is/are1. Time variant sample data network2. Non linear network3. Linear time invariant network

A buck converter has an input current of 2.4 A while required output current is 6 A. What will be the duty cycle of the converter? [Assume lossless system]

A dc chopper is fed from 200 V dc. Output voltage is rectangular pulses with Ton = 1 ms and T = 3 ms. The average output voltage and ripple factor for this chopper are

A DC chopper remains ON for 25μs and OFF for 5μs. What is the value of chopper frequency?

A chopper circuit is operating on TRC control mode at a frequency of 2 kHz on a 230 V dc supply. For output voltage of 170 V, the conduction and blocking periods of a thyristor in each cycle are respectively

A boost chopper chops 5 V DC voltage to produce an average output of 30 V. The duty ratio is:

In a DC chopper, if Ton is the on period and f is the switching frequency, then the output voltage in terms of input voltage Vs is given by:

In dc choppers, the waveforms for input and output voltage are respectively

In the circuit shown, an ideal switch S is operated at 100 KHz with a duty ratio of 50%. Given that Δ icis 1.6 A peak to peak and Iois 5 A dc, the peak current in S is

A chopper can be used on:

A DC-DC buck converter operates in continuous conduction mode. It has 48 V input voltage, and it feeds a resistive load of 24 Ω. The switching frequency of the converter is 250 Hz. If switch-on duration is 1 ms, the load power is

Consider the following statements:Switched mode power supplies are preferred over the continuous types, because they are1. Suitable for use in both ac and dc2. More efficient3. Suitable for low-power circuits4. Suitable for high-power circuitsWhich of these statements are correct?

In which of the following choppers do the voltage and current remain negative?

In a DC-DC switched-mode converter, if the output voltage polarity is opposite to input voltage, then this inverting regulator is called

Multiple quadrant operation of Luo converters are second generator converters, they have three modes

In a step up operation, what is the condition to be satisfied for controllable power transfer?

If ‘α’ is the duty cycle, the output of the following circuit is given by

A chopper has a source voltage of 100 V and load resistance of 10 Ω. For a duty cycle of 0.5, the rms value of output in volts will be

A buck converter is used to control a d.c. motor. The input to a dc buck converter is 200 V. Find the duty ratio of the pulse to be applied to the converter to produce 150 V across the d.c. motor.

In a forward converter, a tertiary winding is used. What is the reason?

Choppers are _______ converters.

A self-commutating switch SW, operated at duty cycle \(\delta\) is used to control the load voltage as shown in the figure.Under steady state operating conditions, the average voltage across the inductor and the capacitor respectively, are

A boost converter with an input voltage of 5 V dc and an output voltage of 10 V dc will have a duty cycle of

A buck DC to DC converter is applied with a voltage of 100 V and supplies a resistive load of 50 Ω. During ON state, it has a voltage drop of 2 V. The chopping frequency is 1 kHz and the duty ratio is 50%. Average and rms output voltages respectively are:

IF_T_IS_THE_TIME_PERIOD_FOR_A_CHOPPER_CIRCUIT_AND_‚ÂÀ√≠¬¨¬±_IS_ITS_DUTY_CYCLE,_THEN_THE_CHOPPING_FREQUENCY_IS?$#

Find the output voltage expression for a step down chopper with Vs as the input voltage and ‚âà√≠¬¨¬± as the duty cycle.$#

The values of duty cycle (‚âà√≠¬¨¬±) lies betwee?#

The load voltage of a chopper can be controlled by varying the

What is the duty cycle of a chopper ?

A chopper is a

Which device can be used in a chopper circuit?

A chopper may be thought as a

Choppers converter