MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 91 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Biochemistry knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Immunogenicity |
| A. | depends on the ability of the native antigen to be presented by MHC |
| B. | is usually a property of self antigens such as eye tissue |
| C. | is not a property of antibodies |
| D. | is not a property of haptens |
| Answer» E. | |
| 2. |
Which of the following is incorrect with regard to antigen epitopes? |
| A. | An epitope may be shared by two different antigens |
| B. | A protein molecule usually contains multiple epitopes |
| C. | B cells bind only processed antigen epitopes |
| D. | Epitopes may be linear or assembled |
| Answer» D. Epitopes may be linear or assembled | |
| 3. |
In cellular immunity, T lymphocytes are responsible for the recognition and killing of foreign invaders. The cells are |
| A. | cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) |
| B. | killer T cells |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» D. none of the above | |
| 4. |
X-linked hyper IgM syndrome, resulting in high levels of serum IgM and low levels of serum IgG, is caused by a defect in CD40L expression. The specific immune event that would be prevented by a defective CD40L would be |
| A. | activation of B cells by T-independent antigens |
| B. | failure of B cells to provide co-stimulation for Th2 activation |
| C. | failure of Th2 cells to provide co-stimulation for B cell isotype switching |
| D. | failure of Th2 cells to provide co-stimulation for B cell proliferation |
| Answer» D. failure of Th2 cells to provide co-stimulation for B cell proliferation | |
| 5. |
If a person is vaccinated against a disease sometime in the past, which of the following is currently in your body? |
| A. | The disease organism itself and antigens for the disease organism |
| B. | A very high level of antibodies against the disease antigens |
| C. | Memory B lymphocytes for the antigen of this disease organism |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 6. |
An example of an immunodeficiency disorder is |
| A. | thyroiditis |
| B. | rheumatic fever |
| C. | systemic lupus erythematosus |
| D. | AIDS |
| Answer» E. | |
| 7. |
Specific translocations are associated with |
| A. | colon cancer |
| B. | breast cancer |
| C. | pancreatic cancer |
| D. | some leukemias |
| Answer» E. | |
| 8. |
The immune response to a booster vaccine is called a(n) |
| A. | cellular response |
| B. | innate response |
| C. | primary response |
| D. | secondary response |
| Answer» E. | |
| 9. |
Chronic granulomatous disease results from a failure to perform oxidative burst. This deficiency would be most likely to interfere with |
| A. | CTL killing of viruses |
| B. | dendritic cell activation to become a mature APC |
| C. | infected cell processing of virus peptides |
| D. | macrophage intracellular killing of bacteria |
| Answer» E. | |
| 10. |
Polysaccharides on the surface of infecting microorganisms can also activate complement directly in the absence of |
| A. | antibody via the alternative pathway |
| B. | antigen via the alternative pathway |
| C. | antibody via metabolic pathway |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. antigen via the alternative pathway | |
| 11. |
Combined cellular and humoral immune deficiencies result from lack of all of the following except |
| A. | a thymus |
| B. | class II MHC |
| C. | HIV infection of CD4+ T cells |
| D. | transporter of antigen peptides (TAP) |
| Answer» E. | |
| 12. |
Bone marrow given to an infant with SCID must |
| A. | be irradiated to eliminate GVHD |
| B. | contain mature T cells that can begin making immune responses immediately |
| C. | come from a donor that shares some MHC alleles with the recipient |
| D. | come from one of the child's parents |
| Answer» D. come from one of the child's parents | |
| 13. |
The antibiotic penicillin is a small molecule that does not induce antibody formation. However, penicillin binds to serum proteins and forms a complex that in some people induces antibody formation resulting in an allergic reaction. Penicillin is therefore |
| A. | an antigen |
| B. | a hapten |
| C. | an immunogen |
| D. | both an antigen and a hapten |
| Answer» E. | |
| 14. |
DiGeorge's syndrome is characterized by the lack of a thymus The mouse model closest to this human disease would be a |
| A. | knock-out mouse for RAG-1 and RAG-2 |
| B. | knock-out mouse for a thymus |
| C. | nude mouse |
| D. | recombinant mouse for CD3 |
| Answer» D. recombinant mouse for CD3 | |
| 15. |
A molecule that can be covalently linked to a non-immunogenic antigen to make it an immunogen is called a (n) |
| A. | adjuvant |
| B. | carrier |
| C. | hapten |
| D. | mitogen |
| Answer» C. hapten | |
| 16. |
Infants are most susceptible to bacterial infection due to low circulating levels of IgG |
| A. | in utero (before birth) |
| B. | at 0-3 months of age |
| C. | at 3-12 months of age |
| D. | at 12-24 months of age |
| Answer» D. at 12-24 months of age | |
| 17. |
What are the solutions prepared from weakened or dead microorganisms, viruses, or toxins that provide some immunity from diseases? |
| A. | Vaccines |
| B. | Histamines |
| C. | Drugs |
| D. | Antibiotics |
| Answer» B. Histamines | |
| 18. |
What is the result of an abnormal response of the immune system to part of a person's own body? |
| A. | Passive immunity |
| B. | Cancer |
| C. | An allergic response |
| D. | An autoimmune disease |
| Answer» E. | |
| 19. |
To detect a humoral immune response to influenza virus, it is possible to measure |
| A. | cytotoxicity of virus-infected cells in tissue culture |
| B. | dividing T cells in the draining lymph nodes |
| C. | plasma cytokine levels |
| D. | serum antibody titer |
| Answer» E. | |
| 20. |
A selective IgA deficiency would be expected to result in problems with |
| A. | bacterial infections |
| B. | infections following dental work due to bacteria entering the bloodstream |
| C. | mucosal pathogens |
| D. | pathogens which can survive inside macrophages |
| Answer» D. pathogens which can survive inside macrophages | |
| 21. |
The HIV virus infects primarily |
| A. | brain cells |
| B. | cells in the immune system |
| C. | red blood cells |
| D. | liver cells |
| Answer» C. red blood cells | |
| 22. |
To elicit the best antibodies to mouse MHC I, it should be injected into a |
| A. | goat |
| B. | mouse of the same genetic background (strain) |
| C. | mouse of a different strain |
| D. | rat |
| Answer» B. mouse of the same genetic background (strain) | |
| 23. |
Plasma cells produce thousands of __________ that are released into the bloodstream |
| A. | antigens |
| B. | antibodies |
| C. | helper T cells |
| D. | virus fragments |
| Answer» C. helper T cells | |
| 24. |
The primary reason for AIDS, a deadly disease is that it |
| A. | is caused by a virus |
| B. | is caused by a bacterium |
| C. | destroys key components of the body's internal defense system |
| D. | causes a breakdown of the body's inflammatory response |
| Answer» D. causes a breakdown of the body's inflammatory response | |
| 25. |
Very low doses of antigen may induce |
| A. | hypersensitivity |
| B. | immunological ignorance |
| C. | low zone tolerance |
| D. | low zone immunity |
| Answer» D. low zone immunity | |
| 26. |
During exposure to a foreign invader, there are more __________ present in the vertebrate body than before exposure |
| A. | antibodies |
| B. | lymphocytes |
| C. | macrophages and antigens |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 27. |
Which of the following is in the lymph nodes of a person battling a cold virus? |
| A. | Huge numbers of white blood cells |
| B. | Trapped viruses that have been roaming the body |
| C. | Lymph ducts that enter and exit the nodes and Lymph fluid |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 28. |
Retinoblastoma is due to a mutation in a |
| A. | kinase |
| B. | tumor supressor |
| C. | cyclin |
| D. | viral gene |
| Answer» C. cyclin | |
| 29. |
Lymphocytes are activated by antigen in the |
| A. | blood stream |
| B. | bone marrow |
| C. | liver |
| D. | lymph nodes |
| Answer» E. | |
| 30. |
A pathogen can be a (n) |
| A. | agent that causes a disease |
| B. | virus |
| C. | bacteria |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 31. |
The ability of an antigen to induce an immune response does not depend on the antigen's |
| A. | ability to enter the thyroid |
| B. | degree of aggregation |
| C. | dose |
| D. | size |
| Answer» B. degree of aggregation | |
| 32. |
For specific antigen recognition by T cells, |
| A. | antigen is bound by a T cell membrane antibody |
| B. | denaturation of antigen does not reduce epitope recognition |
| C. | MHC molecules are not required |
| D. | antigen exposure during T cell maturation is required |
| Answer» C. MHC molecules are not required | |
| 33. |
A virus vaccine that can activate cytotoxic T cells must contain |
| A. | a high dose of virus particles |
| B. | an adjuvant to stimulate T cell division |
| C. | live virus |
| D. | virus peptides |
| Answer» D. virus peptides | |
| 34. |
Antibodies bound to an invading microorganism activate the complement system via |
| A. | classical pathway |
| B. | metabolic pathway |
| C. | Embden Meyerhof pathway |
| D. | Entner-Doudoroff pathway |
| Answer» B. metabolic pathway | |
| 35. |
Antigen, when injected in the body activates its specific lymphocytes in the |
| A. | blood circulation |
| B. | draining lymph nodes |
| C. | MALT (mucosa associated |
| D. | spleen lymphoid tissue |
| Answer» C. MALT (mucosa associated | |
| 36. |
To treat HIV infections using drugs, the major problem is that |
| A. | the drugs that are good inhibitors cannot by synthesized |
| B. | the drugs interfere with normal digestion |
| C. | the virus particles with altered (mutant) proteases arise |
| D. | the drugs are rapidly degraded |
| Answer» D. the drugs are rapidly degraded | |
| 37. |
CD antigens |
| A. | allow leukocytes to recognize antigen |
| B. | are each expressed on only one cell type |
| C. | are expressed on immune cells to mark them for separation |
| D. | function as receptors for cytokine and CAMs |
| Answer» E. | |
| 38. |
Which of the following immune cells would have an especially low count in a patient with advanced AIDS? |
| A. | Killer T lymphocytes |
| B. | Helper T lymphocyte |
| C. | B lymphocytes |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» C. B lymphocytes | |
| 39. |
Difficulties with somatic gene therapy arise from all of the following except |
| A. | GVHD caused by mature T cells in the transplanted cells |
| B. | inserting a gene so that it will function properly |
| C. | limited life span of more mature hematopoietic cells |
| D. | transducing genetic material into stem cells |
| Answer» B. inserting a gene so that it will function properly | |
| 40. |
An autoimmune disease is |
| A. | AIDS |
| B. | Measles |
| C. | Lupus |
| D. | Mumps |
| Answer» D. Mumps | |
| 41. |
Antibodies in the human immune system can identify approximately 108 different molecules Which one of the following is correct? |
| A. | This diversity is generated from 108 different immunoglobin genes |
| B. | Many of these molecules are self-antigens |
| C. | Most of these antibodies recognize proteins |
| D. | Most of these antibodies recognize small organic molecules |
| Answer» D. Most of these antibodies recognize small organic molecules | |
| 42. |
A polyclonal antibody response |
| A. | is produced only in response to polymeric antigens |
| B. | is produced by several B cells recognizing different pitopes on the same antigen |
| C. | occurs during the lag phase of the immune response |
| D. | violates clonal selection |
| Answer» C. occurs during the lag phase of the immune response | |
| 43. |
Monoclonal antibodies were first produced by |
| A. | Georges Kohler and Cesar Milstein |
| B. | Sarkar and Sommer |
| C. | Selman Waksman |
| D. | Edward Jenner and Louis Pasteur |
| Answer» B. Sarkar and Sommer | |
| 44. |
During the lag period between antigen contact and detection of adaptive immunity, |
| A. | antigen is hidden from the immune system in macrophages |
| B. | innate immune effectors are eliminating antigen |
| C. | innate immunity blocks the activation of adaptive immune effector cells |
| D. | new B and T cells with the appropriate antigen specificity must be produced in the bone marrow |
| Answer» C. innate immunity blocks the activation of adaptive immune effector cells | |
| 45. |
Each IgA antibody molecule consists of |
| A. | four polypeptide chain and has two antigen binding site |
| B. | two polypeptide chain and has one antigen binding site |
| C. | three polypeptide chain and has two antigen binding site |
| D. | two polypeptide chain and has two antigen binding site |
| Answer» B. two polypeptide chain and has one antigen binding site | |
| 46. |
The chemical, typically released by the body in an allergic response is |
| A. | histamine |
| B. | allergens |
| C. | antihistamines |
| D. | perforins |
| Answer» B. allergens | |
| 47. |
Alum is an effective adjuvant because it |
| A. | disaggregates the antigen. |
| B. | is immunogenic for stem cells |
| C. | is immunogenic for T cells |
| D. | slows the release of antigen |
| Answer» D. slows the release of antigen | |
| 48. |
The main function of antibodies is to |
| A. | kill all the foreign bodies |
| B. | generate antigens, thus conferring immunization |
| C. | protect the circulatory system |
| D. | chemically combine with the antigen which induces it, inactivate the antigen and protect the body from disease |
| Answer» E. | |
| 49. |
A secondary antibody is an antibody that |
| A. | has been used in prior experiments |
| B. | is synthetically produced |
| C. | binds to another antibody |
| D. | is produced in boostered animals |
| Answer» D. is produced in boostered animals | |
| 50. |
Antibodies of the IgG class |
| A. | consist of four subunits |
| B. | are glycoproteins |
| C. | are secreted into the bloodstream |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. | |