MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 128 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Microbiology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
A small poly peptide attract neutrophils and macrophages, towards infection site, named as |
| A. | Chemokines |
| B. | Gamma cells |
| C. | Phagocytes |
| D. | Prostaglandin |
| Answer» B. Gamma cells | |
| 2. |
The fact that β-oxidation of fatty acids, occurs in the mitochondria whereas fatty acid synthesis occurs in the cytoplasmic matrix, is an example of regulation of enzymatic activity by the __________ mechanism. |
| A. | compartmentation |
| B. | induction |
| C. | competitive inhibition |
| D. | repression |
| Answer» E. | |
| 3. |
Main side effect of drug 'cidodovir' is |
| A. | Retinitis |
| B. | Meningitis |
| C. | Kidney failure |
| D. | Heart failure |
| Answer» D. Heart failure | |
| 4. |
'Cidofovir' is a nucleoside analogue of cytosine, lacks |
| A. | Phosphate group |
| B. | Purine |
| C. | Ribose sugar |
| D. | Hydrogen bonds |
| Answer» D. Hydrogen bonds | |
| 5. |
When 'phagocytes' attacks infectious particles for destruction, process is called as |
| A. | Opsonization |
| B. | Defense |
| C. | Destruction |
| D. | Pathogenesis |
| Answer» B. Defense | |
| 6. |
Main side effect of 'nevirapine' is |
| A. | Hepatitis |
| B. | Cancer |
| C. | Skin rash |
| D. | Skin infection |
| Answer» D. Skin infection | |
| 7. |
Induction of tolerance mechanism(s) is/are |
| A. | suppression |
| B. | clonal deletion |
| C. | clonal anergy |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 8. |
Hydrogen and oxygen release enormous amounts of energy when they react. Yet, hydrogen and oxygen can be mixed together in a balloon and nothing will happen. Why? |
| A. | Competitive inhibitors are blocking the reaction from occurring in the active site |
| B. | There must be contaminating elements in the balloon that prohibit the reaction from occurring |
| C. | The energy of activation to form the transition-state complex is too high to allow the reaction to occur without assistance |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» B. There must be contaminating elements in the balloon that prohibit the reaction from occurring | |
| 9. |
The class of immunoglobulin, most abundant in body is |
| A. | IgD |
| B. | IgE |
| C. | IgG |
| D. | IgM |
| Answer» D. IgM | |
| 10. |
When meningitis is suspected, test for diagnosis is carried out, known as |
| A. | Spinal fluid culture |
| B. | Stool Culture |
| C. | Urine culture |
| D. | Sputum culture |
| Answer» B. Stool Culture | |
| 11. |
The class of immunoglobulins which can cross the placenta is |
| A. | IgM |
| B. | IgG |
| C. | IgA |
| D. | IgD |
| Answer» C. IgA | |
| 12. |
Heat-labile class of immunoglobulins include |
| A. | IgA |
| B. | IgE |
| C. | IgG |
| D. | IgM |
| Answer» C. IgG | |
| 13. |
'Shigella' and 'Campylobacter' are isolated by |
| A. | Urine culture |
| B. | Stool Culture |
| C. | Spinal fluid culture |
| D. | Blood culture |
| Answer» C. Spinal fluid culture | |
| 14. |
Overactivity of Th cells may result into |
| A. | autoimmunity |
| B. | optimal antibody response |
| C. | optimal cell-mediated response |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. optimal antibody response | |
| 15. |
The affinity of an enzyme for its substrate, when the enzyme has a Km of 0.50 M will be __________ than the affinity of an enzyme for its substrate when the enzyme has a Km of 0.05 M. |
| A. | greater |
| B. | lesser |
| C. | approximately equal |
| D. | half |
| Answer» C. approximately equal | |
| 16. |
'Enfuvirtide' is an alternative name of |
| A. | Fuzeon |
| B. | Selzentry |
| C. | Acyclovir |
| D. | Vidarabine |
| Answer» B. Selzentry | |
| 17. |
In which of the following cell mediated immunity (CMI) participates? |
| A. | Delayed hypersensitivity reaction |
| B. | Graft versus host reaction |
| C. | Allograft rejection |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 18. |
Immunosuppressive agent(s) is/are |
| A. | Cyclosporine |
| B. | Methotrexate |
| C. | Anti-lymphocytic serum |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 19. |
Self reactive antibodies are not found in significant concentration in normal serum because |
| A. | it is impossible to generate a self-reactive antibody |
| B. | self reactive B cells are killed by CD8 T cells |
| C. | B cells that are stimulated via their surface bound antibody in the absence of T cell help to commit suicide |
| D. | self reactive B cells switch to IgA which is all secreted and not present in serum |
| Answer» D. self reactive B cells switch to IgA which is all secreted and not present in serum | |
| 20. |
Which of the following is an example of autoimmune disease? |
| A. | Rheumatoid arthritis |
| B. | Systemic lupus erythematosus |
| C. | Polyarteritis nodosa |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 21. |
An enzyme that is always produced, regardless of the presence of substrates or the end products, is called |
| A. | a constitutive enzyme |
| B. | an isoenzyme |
| C. | a repressible enzyme |
| D. | an allosteric enzyme |
| Answer» B. an isoenzyme | |
| 22. |
Antibodies are produced by |
| A. | lymphocytes |
| B. | phagocytes |
| C. | monocytes |
| D. | thrombocytes |
| Answer» B. phagocytes | |
| 23. |
Attachment of 'erythrocytes' to surface of virally infected cell is termed as |
| A. | Interference |
| B. | Hemadsorption |
| C. | Neutralization |
| D. | Complement fixation |
| Answer» C. Neutralization | |
| 24. |
Negative phase is observed in |
| A. | secondary humoral response |
| B. | primary humoral response |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» B. primary humoral response | |
| 25. |
Which of the following is the phylogenetically oldest immunoglobulin? |
| A. | IgE |
| B. | IgM |
| C. | IgG |
| D. | All are similar |
| Answer» C. IgG | |
| 26. |
Which of the following lymphokine(s) is secreted by delayed-type-hypersensitivity cells? |
| A. | Macrophage stimulating factor |
| B. | Migration inhibiting factor |
| C. | Macrophage activating factor |
| D. | All of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 27. |
If person's own defense mechanism produces antibodies against infection or vaccination, immunity is termed as |
| A. | Defense mechanism |
| B. | Active immunity |
| C. | Passive immunity |
| D. | Drug therapy |
| Answer» C. Passive immunity | |
| 28. |
Anti-Rh antibodies are |
| A. | IgG type |
| B. | IgA type |
| C. | IgE type |
| D. | IgD type |
| Answer» B. IgA type | |
| 29. |
Which is not a function of IgG? |
| A. | Major antibody in serum |
| B. | First antibody type produced against an antigen during the primary antibody response |
| C. | Activates or fixes complement |
| D. | Involved in opsonization |
| Answer» C. Activates or fixes complement | |
| 30. |
A duration of time, a specific antibody develops, becoming detachable in blood, known as |
| A. | Serology |
| B. | Blood culture |
| C. | Seroconversion |
| D. | Antibody production |
| Answer» D. Antibody production | |
| 31. |
In the reaction, C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy, which component is being reduced? |
| A. | O2 |
| B. | CO2 |
| C. | H2O |
| D. | Energy |
| Answer» B. CO2 | |
| 32. |
For infection, skin and mucous membranes, acting as a |
| A. | Chemical barrier |
| B. | Physical barrier |
| C. | Defenses |
| D. | Immunity |
| Answer» C. Defenses | |
| 33. |
The ability of CTP to bind to aspartate carbamoyltransferase and shut down the synthesis of more CTP is an example of |
| A. | enzyme induction |
| B. | enzyme repression |
| C. | feedback inhibition of enzyme activity |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 34. |
Treatment with bacterial endotoxins results blast formation in |
| A. | B cells |
| B. | T cells |
| C. | monocytes |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. T cells | |
| 35. |
Drug used against 'chronic active hepatitis' is |
| A. | Abacavir |
| B. | Tenofovir |
| C. | Adefovir |
| D. | Efavirenz |
| Answer» D. Efavirenz | |
| 36. |
Major Histo Compatibility Complex (MHC) is a collection of genes arrayed on |
| A. | chromosome 21 in man, chromosome 6 in mice |
| B. | chromosome 6 in man, chromosone 21 in mice |
| C. | chromosome 17in man, chromosome 6 in mice |
| D. | chromosome 6 in man, chromosome 17 in mice |
| Answer» E. | |
| 37. |
Which of the following theory of antibody production is most widely accepted? |
| A. | Side chain theory |
| B. | Clonal selection theory |
| C. | Direct template theory |
| D. | Indirect template theory |
| Answer» C. Direct template theory | |
| 38. |
Oxidation is the |
| A. | loss of proton |
| B. | gain of electron |
| C. | loss of electron |
| D. | gain of protons |
| Answer» D. gain of protons | |
| 39. |
Which is not a function of IgA? |
| A. | Protect mucosal surfaces |
| B. | Fix complement |
| C. | Protect eyes |
| D. | Agglutinate antigen |
| Answer» C. Protect eyes | |
| 40. |
The secretary component of sIgA is |
| A. | made by plasma cells that secrete dimeric IgA |
| B. | added to dimeric IgA by the M cell |
| C. | formed by cleavage of an epithelial cell receptor used to transport the dimeric IgA across the epithelial cell |
| D. | made by T cells |
| Answer» D. made by T cells | |
| 41. |
Main side effect of drug 'didoxyinosine' is |
| A. | Pancreatitis |
| B. | Peripheral neuropathy |
| C. | None of These |
| D. | Both a and b |
| Answer» E. | |
| 42. |
Simulation of which of the following will lead to appearance of first antibody to appear following stimulation by an antigen? |
| A. | IgM |
| B. | IgA |
| C. | IgE |
| D. | IgG |
| Answer» B. IgA | |
| 43. |
CD8 surface antigen is present in |
| A. | cytotoxic T cells |
| B. | suppresssor T cells |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 44. |
'Staphylococcus aureus' is mostly isolated from |
| A. | Urine culture |
| B. | Blood culture |
| C. | Sputum culture |
| D. | Throat culture |
| Answer» C. Sputum culture | |
| 45. |
About 7.3 kcal/mole are released when |
| A. | glucose is converted to CO2 and H2O |
| B. | NAD+ is reduced to NADH |
| C. | ATP hydrolysis is coupled to sucrose synthesis |
| D. | the terminal phosphate bond of ATP is broken by hydrolysis |
| Answer» B. NAD+ is reduced to NADH | |
| 46. |
'Ziagen' is a drug that is also called as |
| A. | Abacavir |
| B. | Tenofovir |
| C. | Delavirdine |
| D. | Efavirenz |
| Answer» B. Tenofovir | |
| 47. |
Ganciclovir' has a structure that is similar to |
| A. | Amantadine |
| B. | Acyclovir |
| C. | Selzentry |
| D. | Vidarabine |
| Answer» C. Selzentry | |
| 48. |
In the reaction, C6H12O6+ 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy, which component is being oxidized? |
| A. | C6H12O6 |
| B. | O2 |
| C. | CO2 |
| D. | H2O |
| Answer» B. O2 | |
| 49. |
Adenosine triphosphate is a type of |
| A. | fatty acid |
| B. | amino acid |
| C. | nucleotide |
| D. | steroid |
| Answer» D. steroid | |
| 50. |
Which of the following is the best evidence for the lock and key theory of enzyme action? |
| A. | Compounds similar in structure to the substrate inhibit enzyme activity |
| B. | Enzymes are found in living organisms and speed up certain reactions |
| C. | Enzymes speed up reactions by definite amounts |
| D. | Enzymes determine the direction of a reaction |
| Answer» B. Enzymes are found in living organisms and speed up certain reactions | |