An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion. This is typically due to an electronegatvity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.

In covalent molecule due to electro negativity difference polarity produce than partially +ve & -ve charge come on atoms. It is permanent effect & are two types:- i) +ve I effect :- The atoms their electro negativity less than hydrogen. Act as electron donating group & partially -ve charge come on atom. ii) -ve I effect :- The atoms whose electro negativity is more than hydrogen. Act as electron withdrawing group & partially +ve charge come on atom.

The displacement of charge to staiblised .