What is addition,,substitution,esterification and saponification reaction
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Addition reaction is a type of reaction in which two or more molecules combine with each other to form a single substance. This type of reaction occurs only with those molecules which have either a double or a triple bond between their carbon atoms.Due to having double bond,these molecules can break one of the carbon-carbon bonds and can ADD other atoms by sharing those electrons with other atoms(which were previously bonded to carbon atoms). Thus, addition reaction makes an unsaturated compound into a saturated compound.Ex:\xa0C2H4+ H2\xa0→ C2H6Substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which one atom of any other element substitutes or replaces one of the hydrogen atoms of a given hydrocarbon.Substitution reaction does not add any atom to the hydrocarbon because it takes place only in saturated hydrocarbons(containing only single bonds).Thus if any atom has to be added in the hydrocarbon,one of the hydrogen atoms needs to be replaced by that atom.CH3CH2OH + HI→CH3CH2OI + H2OEsterification is the process by which esters are formed when an alcohol reacts with an acid in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid.CH3CH2OH + CH3COOH → CH3COOC2H5 + H20Saponification reaction is when ester reacts with NaOH, to form sodium salt of acid and alcohol. RCH3COOC2H5 + NaOH → CH3COONa+ C2H5OHEsters are used in making perfumes, artificial flavouring agents, ice-creams, cold drinks. Saponification process is used in making soaps.
ADDITION REACTION- the reaction in which an unsaturated hydrocarbon combines with another substance to give a single product. SUBSTITUTION REACTION- the reaction in which one hydrogen atoms of a hydrocarbon are replaced by some other atoms .