By the end of 19th century a large number of newspapers in Indian vernacular languages were published.(i) These newspapers published articles written by national leaders. Their ideas were communicated to people through these newspapers.(ii) The people of different communities and places were thus connected by print media. Newspapers conveyed news from one place to another creating pan-Indian identities.(iii) The nationalist newspapers exposed the colonial misrule and encouraged nationalist activities. As these were written in spoken languages of various regions common man could easily understand the content.(iv) Various novels with nationalistic themes were pulished by leading novelists in India. One of these was Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. The song \’Vande Matram\’ written by him in his novel \’Anandmath\’ created and stirred nationalist feelings in the country.(v) The preint culture also educated the people who then were influenced byt he reformists and the nationalist ideas.