Factors affecting the climate of India:(a)Latitude-The tropic of Cancer passes from the middle of the country.Almost half of the country,lying South of Tropic of Cancer belongs to tropical area and teh area to the North lies in sub-tropics.Therefore,India\’s climate has the characteristics of tropical as well as sub-tropical climates.(b)Altitude:India has mountains to the north,which have an average height of about 6000metres.It is because of these mountainsthat Indian sub-continent experiences comparatively milder winters because Himalayas prevent cold winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian sub-continent.(c)Pressure and winds-Pressure and surface winds,upper air circulation and western cyclonic disturbances and tropical cyclones govern the atmospheric conditions in India.
Factors Affecting India’s ClimateLatitude: The Indian landmass is equally divided by The Tropic of Cancer. Hence, half of India has tropical climate and another half has subtropical climate.Altitude: While the average elevation in the coastal areas is about 30 metre, the average elevation in the north is about 6,000 metre. The Himalayas prevent the cold winds from Central Asia from entering the Indian subcontinent. Due to this, the subcontinent gets comparatively milder winters as compared to Central Asia.Pressure and Winds: The Indian subcontinent lies in the region of north-easterly winds. These winds originate from the subtropical high-pressure belt of the northern hemisphere. After that, these winds blow towards south. They get deflected to the right due to the Coriolis force and then move towards the low pressure area near the equator.