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All organisms such as plants, animals, microorganisms and human beings interact with the non-living physical surroundings in an area called as the ecosystem.There are two main components of an\xa0ecosystem\xa0which are in constant communication with each other. They are the\xa0biotic components and the abiotic components.Biotic Components of EcosystemThe living components of an ecosystem are called the biotic components. Some of these factors include plants, animals, as well as\xa0fungi\xa0and\xa0bacteria. These biotic components can be further classified, based on the energy requirement source. Producers, consumers, and decomposers are the three broad categories of biotic components.\tProducers\xa0are the plants in the ecosystem, which can generate their own energy requirement through photosynthesis, in the presence of\xa0sunlight\xa0and chlorophyll. All other living beings are dependent on plants for their energy requirement of food as well as\xa0oxygen.\tConsumers\xa0include herbivores, carnivores, and omnivores. The herbivores are the\xa0living organisms\xa0that feed on plants. Carnivores eat other living organisms. Omnivores are animals that can eat both\xa0plant and animal tissue.\tDecomposers\xa0are the fungi and bacteria, which are the saprophytes. They feed on the decaying organic matter and convert this matter into\xa0nitrogen\xa0and\xa0carbon dioxide. The saprophytes play a vital role in recycling the\xa0nutrients\xa0so that the producers i.e. plants can use them once again.Abiotic Components of EcosystemAbiotic components are the physical and/or the chemical factors that act on the living organisms at any part of their life. These are also called as the ecological factors. The physical and chemical factors are characteristic of the\xa0environment. Light, air, soil, and nutrients, etc. form the abiotic components of an ecosystem.The abiotic factors vary from ecosystem to ecosystem. In an\xa0aquatic\xa0ecosystem, the abiotic factors may include water pH,\xa0sunlight, turbidity, water depth, salinity, available nutrients and dissolved\xa0oxygen. Similarly, abiotic factors in terrestrial ecosystems can include soil,\xa0soil types,\xa0temperature,\xa0rain, altitude,\xa0wind, nutrients, sunlight etc.
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