अवकल समीकरण का व्यापक हल ज्ञात कीजिए-
`(x-y)(dy)/(dx)=x+2y.`
`(x-y)(dy)/(dx)=x+2y.`
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दिया गया अवकल समीकरण है-
`(x-y)(dy)/(dx)=x+2y`
`implies(dy)/(dx)=(x+2y)/(x-y)” “…(1)`
चूँकि प्रत्येक कथन `x +2 y ` और `x -y ` घात 1 में समघात है इसलिए यह एक समघात अवकल समीकरण है.
चूँकि प्रत्येक कथन `x +2 y ` और `x -y ` घात 1 में समघात है इसलिए यह एक समघात अवकल समीकरण है .
माना `y=vx,` तब `(dy)/(dx)=v+x(dv)/(dx)” “…(2)`
समी (1 ) और (2 ) से,
`v+x (dv)/(dx)=(x+2vx)/(x-vx)`
`impliesv+x(dv)/(dx)+(1+2v)/(1-v)`
`impliesx(dv)/(dx)=(1+2v)/(1-v)-v`
`impliesx (dv)/(dx)=(1+2v-v +v^(2))/(1-v)`
`impliesx(dv)/(dx)=(1+v+v^(2))/(1-v)`
`implies(1-v)/(1+v+v^(2))dv=(dx)/(x),`
समाकलन करने पर,
`int (1-v)/(1+v+v^(2))dv=int(dx)/(x)`
`impliesI=log |x| +C” “…(3)`
जहाँ `I =int (1-v)/(1+v+v^(2))dv`
अब माना `1-v =A (d)/(dv)(1+v+v^(2))+B`
`implies1-v=A(1+2v)+B`
`implies1-v= (A+B) +2Av`
दोनों पक्षों कि तुलना करने पर,
`A+B=1` और `2A =-1 impliesA =-1/2`
`therefore -1/2 +B=1 impliesB=3/2`
अतः `1-v =-1/2 (2v+1)+3/2`
तब `I =int(-1/2(2c+1)+3/2)/(v^(2)+v+1)`
`impliesI =-1/2int (2v+1)/(v^(2)+v+1)dv+3/2int (dv)/(v^(2)+v+1)`
`impliesI =-1/2 log |v^(2)+v+1|+3/2int (dv)/((v^(2)+v+1/4)-1/4+1)`
`[{:(” माना” v^(2)+v+1=timplies(2v+1)dv=dt),(therefore int (2v+1)/(v^(2)v+1)dv=int(dt)/(t)=log |t|):}]`
`impliesI=-1/2 log |v^(2)+v+1|+3/2int(dv)/((v+1/2)^(2)+3/4)`
`impliesI=-1/2 log |v^(2)+v+1|+3/2int(dv)/((v+(1)/(2))^(2)+((sqrt3)/(2))^(2))`
`impliesI =-1/2 log |v^(2)+v+1|`
`+3/2 xx(1)/(((sqrt3)/(2)))tan^(-1) ((v+(1)/(2))/((sqrt3)/(2)))+C,`
`[becauseint (1)/(x^(2)+a^(2))=1/atan ^(-1)””(x)/(a)]`
`impliesI =-1/2log |v^(2)+v+1|+sqrt3tan ^(-1)((2v+1)/(sqrt3))+C`
`impliesI=-1/2 log |(y^(2))/(x^(2))(y)/(x)+1|`
`+sqrt3tan ^(-1)(((2y)/(x)+1)/(sqrt3))+C,`
`impliesI =-1/2 log |(y^(2)+xy +x^(2))/(x^(2))|`
`+sqrt3 tan ^(-1) ((2y +x)/(sqrt3x))+C`
समी (3 ) में I का मान रखने पर,
`-1/2 log |(y^(2)+xy+x^(2))/(x^(2))|+sqrt3tan^(-1) ((2y+x)/(sqrt3x))=log |x|+C.`