Correct Answer – Option 1 : Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

Concept:

About the Thiamine:

Another Name: Vitamin B1

Functions:

1. Helpful in the body’s cells i.e. it changes carbohydrates into energy.

2. Carbohydrates main work is to provide energy for the body (Majorly in the brain and nervous system).

3. Muscle contraction and conduction of nerve signals.

Important Point:

Vitamin B1 is used to treat low thiamine, diseases like beriberi, certain nerve diseases, and Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS).

Additional Information:

• Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome: Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome (WKS) is a type of brain disorder caused by a lack of vitamin B-1, or thiamine.

• Symptoms:  Confusion and loss of mental activity that can progress to coma and death. Loss of muscle coordination (ataxia) that can cause leg tremor.

• Alcohol withdrawal syndrome: If someone drink alcohol heavily for a long period of time, it may have both mental and physical problems. This is called alcohol withdrawal. 

• Symptoms: headaches, nausea, tremors, anxiety, hallucinations and seizures

• Alcoholic dementia: It is a form of dementia related to the excessive drinking of alcohol. This affects memory, learning and other mental functions

• Symptoms: Effect on brain cells, resulting in poor judgment, difficulty making decisions, and lack of insight

• Huntington’s disease: Huntington’s disease is a progressive brain disorder caused by a single defective gene on chromosome 4

·        Symptoms: Involuntary jerking or writhing movements (chorea), Muscle problems, such as rigidity or muscle contracture (dystonia), Slow or abnormal eye movements, Impaired gait, posture and balance, Difficulty with speech or swallowing.

“Correct Answer – Option 4 : Decrease platelet aggregation

CONCEPT:

• A transient ischemic attack (TIA), often referred to as a “ministroke,” occurs when part of the brain experiences a temporary lack of blood flow.
• This causes stroke-like symptoms that usually resolve within 24 hours. 

EXPLANATION:

• Aspirin slows the blood’s clotting action by reducing the clumping of platelets. Platelets are cells that clump together and help to form blood clots. During a heart attack, blood clots form in an already-narrowed artery and block the flow of oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
• When taken during a heart attack, aspirin slows clotting and decreases the size of the forming blood clot. Taken daily, aspirin’s anti-clotting action helps prevent a first or second heart attack.
• Aspirin, which thins the blood and thereby prevents clots. Hence, the correct answer is aspirin decreases platelet aggregation.

“

Correct Answer – Option 3 : Parietal cells

Concept:

• Intrinsic factor is secreted by parietal cells of gastric glands in the stomach.
• It helps in better absorption of Vitamin B₁₂ from the ileum in the small intestine.
• Vitamin B₁₂ is necessary for red blood cells maturation. Inadequate intrinsic factor leads to vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Vitamin B₁₂ leads to pernicious anaemia.

Explanation:

Correct Answer – Option 2 : Cesarean section

Explanation

• Placenta is partially or completely attached to the lower uterine wall is called placenta previa.

​ Risk factors

• Multiparity
• Increased maternal age
• Higher altitude
• Smoking

Types

• Low lying
• Marginal
• Incomplete or partial central
• Central or total.

Indications for LSCS in Placenta Previa

• Bleeding at or after 37 weeks.
• Uncontrolled heavy bleeding.
• Absent FSH
• Gross fetal malformation
• Dead fetus.

Correct Answer – Option 3 : Support ego strengths

Concept:

• Ego strength refers to the ability or behavior that helps them maintain good mental health in a crisis situation.
• According to Freud, the ego works as a mediator between the id and superego.
• The id is the primitive impulsive nature and the superego is the morale learned from society.
• The ego helps to create a balance between the id and the superego.

Explanation:

• Strengthening ego helps to develop attitude and behavior to get through a painful experience or crisis.
• For example, it helps to forgive someone or to fight destructive habits.