Which one of the following plant traits is NOT associated with colonization on land from aquatic habitat? 

a. Presence of apical meristems. 

b. Absence of alternation of generations. 

c. Formation of multicellular, dependent embryos. 

d. Production of gametes within multicellular organs.

Batesian mimicry is a type of mimicry in which an edible animal is protected by its resemblance to one avoided by the predators. It typically includes three elements: 

I. Predator, 

II. Species which is dangerous or unpalatable to the predator- termed as “model” and 

III. Palatable species termed as “mimic”. 

A few statements about Batesian mimicry are given. Indicate whether each of them is true (T) or false (F) 

a. Batesian mimicry can be stably maintained only if the harm caused to the predator by eating a model overweighs the benefit of eating a mimic. ________ 

b. Batesian mimicry can be stably maintained if the mimics become more abundant than the models. ____

 c. Young predator with first experience with mimic is likely to destabilize the evolution of Batesian mimicry in a population. ____ 

d. In Batesian mimicry, there is always a directional selection that causes model species to evolve away from mimic. _____

In order to study the properties of membrane proteins, they are required to be isolated and purified. In one such experiment, two methods were followed to isolate membrane proteins from erythrocytes. 

I. Varying the pH of the buffer in which the membrane fractions were isolated. The supernatant collected and analysed. Protein ‘X’ was found. 

II. Addition of detergents to the membrane preparation. Soluble fractions analysed. Protein ‘Y’ was found. When proteins X and Y were studied for their structural properties, it was found that polar amino acids predominated (property 1) on the surface of one of them while the non-polar on the other (property 2). 

Which of the following can be deduced from this? Put tick marks in the appropriate boxes.

a. X is likely to be bound to membrane by electrostatic attraction. 

b. Y is likely to show property. 2. 

c. X is likely to be the integral membrane protein. 

d. Y is most likely to be a cytoskeletal protein. 

e. Protein X is likely to be present in cell exterior (exoplasmic face) and Y in the cyotsolic face.

In an experiment, a researcher incubated plant tissue with a bacterial strain for different time durations followed by heat treatment to specifically kill the bacteria. The plant material was analyzed ten days after each experiment for appearance of disease symptoms. Results of this study, which was done in three replicates and with appropriate controls, are tabulated below.

Which of the following statement/s is/are likely explanation/s of the above observations? 

(i) The bacterium is incapable of causing infection in the absence of heat treatment. 

(ii) Continuous contact with live bacteria is not essential to cause disease symptoms. 

(iii) The bacterium undergoes spontaneous mutations to become heat-resistant. 

(iv) Contact duration of 72 hours with live bacteria is essential to cause disease symptoms.

a. ii and iv only 

b. i, iii and iv only 

c. ii only 

d. i and iii only

Following are microscopic sections of quadriceps muscles from two athletes. The cells are stained to show the activity of myosin ATPase. 

Mark the most appropriate description from the following. 

a. P is likely to contain more mitochondria than Q. 

b. Q is likely to have large stores of glycogen than P. 

c. P is likely to represent muscle of a high jumper and sprinter. 

d. Creatine phosphate is the major source of energy in the muscle depicted in Q but not in P.