Pharmacodynamics

Characteristic unwanted reaction which isn’t related to a dose or to a pharma codynamic property of a drug is called: 

a) Idiosyncrasy 

b) Hypersensitivity 

c) Tolerance 

d) Teratogenic action 

Tolerance develops because of: 

a) Diminished absorption 

b) Rapid excretion of a drug 

c) Both of the above 

d) None of the above

Idiosyncratic reaction of a drug is:

a) A type of hypersensitivity reaction 

b) A type of drug antagonism 

c) Unpredictable, inherent, qualitatively abnormal reaction to a drug 

d) Quantitatively exaggerated response

What term is used to describe a decrease in responsiveness to a drug which develops in a few minutes? 

a) Refractoriness 

b) Cumulative effect 

c) Tolerance 

d) Tachyphylaxis

Target proteins which a drug molecule binds are: 

a) Only receptors 

b) Only ion channels 

c) Only carriers

d) All of the above

Drug resistance is a term used to describe the loss of effectiveness of antimicrobial or antitumour drugs. This consideration is: 

a) True 

b) False

Therapeutic index (TI) is: 

a) A ratio used to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a drug for indication 

b) A ratio used to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug

c) A ratio used to evaluate the bio availability of a drug 

d) A ratio used to evaluate the elimination of a drug 

Tachyphylaxis is: 

a) A drug interaction between two similar types of drugs 

b) Very rapidly developing tolerance 

c) A decrease in responsiveness to a drug, taking days or weeks to develop 

d) None of the above

An agonist is a substance that: 

a) Interacts with the receptor without producing any effect 

b) Interacts with the receptor and initiates changes in cell function, producing various effects 

c) Increases concentration of another substance to produce effect 

d) Interacts with plasma proteins and doesn’t produce any effect 

Which effect may lead to toxic reactions when a drug is taken continuously or repeatedly? 

a) Refractoriness 

b) Cumulative effect 

c) Tolerance 

d) Tachyphylaxis