Pharmacodynamics

What phenomenon can occur in case of using a combination of drugs? 

a) Tolerance 

b) Tachyphylaxis 

c) Accumulation 

d) Synergism

Idiosyncratic reaction of a drug is:

a) A type of hypersensitivity reaction 

b) A type of drug antagonism 

c) Unpredictable, inherent, qualitatively abnormal reaction to a drug 

d) Quantitatively exaggerated response

Which effect may lead to toxic reactions when a drug is taken continuously or repeatedly? 

a) Refractoriness 

b) Cumulative effect 

c) Tolerance 

d) Tachyphylaxis 

The substance binding to one receptor sub type as an agonist and to another as an antagonist is called: 

a) Competitive antagonist 

b) Irreversible antagonist 

c) Agonist-antagonist 

d) Partial agonist

Tolerance and drug resistance can be a consequence of: 

a) Drug dependence 

b) Increased metabolic degradation 

c) Depressed renal drug excretion 

d) Activation of a drug after hepatic first-pass

Tachyphylaxis is: 

a) A drug interaction between two similar types of drugs 

b) Very rapidly developing tolerance 

c) A decrease in responsiveness to a drug, taking days or weeks to develop 

d) None of the above

Target proteins which a drug molecule binds are: 

a) Only receptors 

b) Only ion channels 

c) Only carriers

d) All of the above

Therapeutic index (TI) is: 

a) A ratio used to evaluate the safety and usefulness of a drug for indication 

b) A ratio used to evaluate the effectiveness of a drug

c) A ratio used to evaluate the bio availability of a drug 

d) A ratio used to evaluate the elimination of a drug 

The situation when failure to continue administering the drug results in serious psychological and somatic disturbances is called? 

a) Tachyphylaxis 

b) Sensibilization 

c) Abstinence syndrome 

d) Idiosyncrasy

If an agonist can produce sub maximal effects and has moderate efficacy it’s called: 

a) Partial agonist 

b) Antagonist 

c) Agonist-antagonist 

d) Full agonist