History

Correct Answer – Option 1 : 1993

The correct answer is 1993.

• On September 30, 1993, at 3:56 a.m. local time (UTC+05:30), the Latur earthquake struck India. Maharashtra, a state in Western India, was the most affected.
• The earthquake mainly struck the districts of Latur and Osmanabad, including Latur’s Ausa block and Osmanabad’s Omerga. In the intraplate earthquake, fifty-two villages were destroyed.
• It had a magnitude of 6.2 on the Richter scale, killing 10,000 people and injuring 30,000 more. Since the hypocenter of the earthquake was only around 10 kilometers deep, shock waves were able to inflict more harm.
• On October 2, 1993, at about 10 a.m., the first convoy of over 120 trucks carrying relief supplies such as tents, blankets, food and clothes, medical supplies, and temporary shelters provided by international donors left Mumbai.
• The Indian Army, the 42nd battalion of the MIL, the State Reserve Police Force, the Central Reserve Police Force, and other law enforcement agencies rushed their staff almost immediately after the quake, anticipating a higher number of casualties. 

Correct Answer – Option 4 : Deshraj

The correct answer is Deshraj.

• Jat leader of Bharatpur who inspired the peasants of Shekhawati for the uprising is Thakur Deshraj.

• Peasants Movement of Shekhawati was the movement of the Gurjars against the reign of Bundi.
  • Thakur Deshraj (1903–1970) was a social worker, journalist, nationalist, freedom fighter, and author.
    • He was from Rajasthan state in India.
    • He was revenue minister in the princely state of Bharatpur. 
  • Peasant struggles in Shekhawati in the first half of the twentieth century brought an end to the shackles of the Jagirdari system.
  • Jagirdari Abolition brought about a fundamental change in the structure of control over land in Shekhawati with tenants-at-will getting ownership rights over land.
  • In the late 1920s, leaders of All India Jat Mahasabha formed Ahir Jat Gujjar and Rajput Sabha to bring all peasant castes together.
  • However, Jats of Shekhawati left this organization in 1929 to organize their movement separately.

• Peasants Movement of Bijolia
  • Bijolia was ‘‘A” class Jagir of the Udaipur State with a population of about 1200 in 1891. 
  • The majority of peasants in Bijolia belonged to Dakan Gotra of the Jats.
  • In 1897, All the farmers gathered in Bhijolia’s Girirdhpura village on the occasion of the feast of the father of Ganga Ram Dhakar. Then collectively it was decided to send Nanaji Patel and Thakri Patel to Mewar Maharana to complain of Krishna Singh. Later Krishan Singh expelled both of them from Bijolia.
  • In 1906, Thakur Prithvi Singh became a new zamindar, which in 1906 introduced the new tax called “Talwar Bandhai” (a kind successor tax, and was also called insulting tax) on the people of Bijolia in 1906.
• Bengu Kisan movement – (started in 1921)
  • The main center of the peasant movement of Bengu was Raita.
  • Earlier, this place was in Bhilwara, but it is currently in the Chittorgarh district.
  • This movement ran at the time of Bangngu’s Zamidar Anoop Singh.
  • Maharana of Mewar was Fateh Singh.
  • Reason – Excessive levy and unfair means.
  • This movement was run by the farmers of the Dhakar caste.
  • The initial leadership of this movement was done by Vijay Singh Pathik from Ajmer because there was a ban upon him on arrival in Mewar state. Later, on the insistence of Vijay Singh Pathak, Ram Narayan Chaudhary led the movement.
• Peasants Movement of Dabra
  • Dabda or Dabrais a village in Didwana tehsil of Nagaur district in Rajasthan.
    • The village is known for The Dabra farmers movement-1947 for the abolition of Jagirs in Rajasthan.
  • The peasant movement which was being organized by the Marwar Kisan Sabha and the Marwar Lok Parishad jointly was a parallel movement to that of the national movement going on in British India whose aims were common i.e. to free the country from foreign rule.
  • To mobilize the peasants, meetings under the joint auspices of Marwar Lok Parishad and Marwar Kisan Sabha were held at various places in the Jat belt and such meeting was fixed at village Dabra in Nagaur district for 13th March 1947.
  • The Jagirdars got together in a bid to crush the political awakening among the Kisan and the black deed at Dabra was planned.
  • In this, the Jagirdars had the blessings and active support of the Maharaja. 

Correct Answer – Option 1 : Indore 

The correct answer is Indore

• The Rajwada Palace is a historical palace built by the Holkars of the Maratha Empire about two centuries ago at Indore in Madya Pradesh.
• Today it is a fine example of royal grandeur and architectural skills.
• The architectural style of the Rajwada Palace is Indo-Saracenic Maratha.
• The Rajwada Palace was destroyed by fire riots in 1984.
   

Correct Answer – Option 1 : Nicholas II

The Russian Revolution was a period of political and social revolution that took place in the former Russian Empire and began during the First World War.

Nicholas II was the last Emperor of All Russia, ruling from 1 November 1894 until his abdication on 15 March 1917.

• The main events of the revolution took place in and near Petrograd (present-day Saint Petersburg), the then-capital of Russia, where long-standing discontent with the monarchy erupted into mass protests against food rationing on 23 February Old Style. 
• The revolutionary activity lasted about eight days, involving mass demonstrations and violent armed clashes with police and gendarmes, the last loyal forces of the Russian monarchy.
• At the end of the “February Revolution“, Nicholas II chose to abdicate on 2 March (O.S.) / 15 March (N.S.) 1917.
• Nicholas thus abdicated on behalf of his son and drew up a new manifesto naming his brother, Grand Duke Michael, as the next Emperor of all Russias.
• He issued a statement but it was suppressed by the Provisional Government.
• Michael declined to accept the throne until the people were allowed to vote through a Constituent Assembly for the continuance of the monarchy or a republic.
• During his reign, Nicholas gave support to the economic and political reforms promoted by his prime ministers, Sergei Witte and Pyotr Stolypin.
• He advocated modernization based on foreign loans and close ties with France but resisted giving the new parliament (the Duma) major roles.
• Ultimately, progress was undermined by Nicholas’s commitment to autocratic rule, strong aristocratic opposition, and defeats sustained by the Russian military in the Russo-Japanese War and World War I. 
• By March 1917, public support for Nicholas had collapsed and he was forced to abdicate the throne, thereby ending the Romanov dynasty’s 300-year rule of Russia.

Hence, the correct answer is Nicholas II.

• The Russian Revolution of 1917 was a series of political events in Russia, involving first the overthrow of the system of autocracy, and then the overthrow of the liberal Provisional Government ( Duma), resulting in the establishment of the Soviet power under the control of the Bolshevik party.
• This eventually led to the establishment of the Soviet Union, which lasted until its dissolution in 1991.
• The Revolution can be viewed in two distinct phases:
  • The February Revolution of 1917, which displaced the autocracy of Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, the last effective Tsar of Russia, and sought to establish in its place a liberal republic.
  • The October Revolution, in which the Bolshevik party and the workers’ Soviets, led by Vladimir Lenin, overthrew the Provisional Government. While many notable historical events occurred in Moscow and St. Petersburg, there was also a broadly based movement in the rural areas as peasants seized and redistributed land.

Correct Answer – Option 4 : Peshwa Baji Rao II

• Nana Saheb Peshwa II, was an Indian Peshwa of the Maratha empire, aristocrat and fighter, who led the rebellion in Kanpur during the Indian Rebellion of 1857.

​Nana Sahib (born 1824 as Dhondu Pant) was the adopted son of the Maratha Peshwa Baji Rao II whose kingdom had been annexed by the British following the 3rd Maratha War.

• He was brought up in exile in Bithur.
• The British refused to recognize him as the heir to his father’s honours and pension despite an appeal to the government in Britain.
• At the outbreak of the Indian Mutiny, Nana Sahib seized the treasury at Cawnpore and besieged the British garrison.
• This resulted in the massacre at Satichaura Ghat and the murder of the hostages in the Bibigarh.
• General Henry Havelock recaptured Cawnpore forcing Nana Sahib to retreat to Bithur which Havelock also attacked and occupied.
• Nana Sahib escaped and was never found. Rumour said that he died in Nepal.

Hence, the correct answer is Peshwa Baji Rao II.

Shivaji Bhonsale I:

• He is also referred to as Chhatrapati Shivaji, was an Indian ruler and a member of the Bhonsle Maratha clan.
• Shivaji carved out an enclave from the declining Adilshahi sultanate of Bijapur that formed the genesis of the Maratha Empire.

Balaji Vishwanath Bhat:

• He was better known as Shrimant Peshwa Balaji Vishwanath, the first of a series of hereditary Peshwas.
• They hailed from the Bhat family who gained effective control of the Maratha Empire during the 18th century. 

Baji Rao I:

• He was born as Visaji, also known as Bajirao Ballal, was the 7th Peshwa of the Maratha empire.
• In his 20-year military career, he never lost a battle and is widely considered the best Indian cavalry general.