Which one of the following Constitutional Amendments has enormously strengthened the powers of the speaker/Chairman of the Houses of the Parliament/State Legislature?

• A. 61st Amendment which reduced the voting age from 21 to 18 years
• B. Anti-defection provisions of 52nd Amendment
• C. Repealing of many of the provisions of 42nd Amendment by 44th Amendment
• D. 73rd Amendment that conferred extensive powers on Panchayat Bodies