The equivalent axial load is obtained from the fomula

• A. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/98-14-77-1.png">
• B. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/98-14-77-2.png">
• C. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/98-14-77-3.png">
• D. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/98-14-77-4.png">
• E. none of these.