The approximate formula for radial or perpendicular offsets from the tangent, is

• A. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/surveying/63-3.190-1.png">
• B. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/surveying/63-3.190-2.png">
• C. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/surveying/63-3.190-3.png">
• D. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/surveying/63-3.190-4.png">