If p and d are pitch and gross diameter of rivets, the efficiency ( ) of the riveted joint, is given by

• A. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/95-14-42-1.png">
• B. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/95-14-42-2.png">
• C. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/95-14-42-3.png">
• D. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/95-14-42-4.png">
• E. <img src="/_files/images/civil-engineering/steel-structure-design/95-14-42-5.png">