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				| 1. | A step-down chopper operates from a DC voltage source Vs and feeds a DC motor armature with counter emf Eb. From oscilloscope traces it is found that current increases for time tr, falls to zero over a time tf and remains zero for a time t0 in every chopping cycle. Then the average voltage across the motor would be | 
| A. | \(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\) | 
| B. | \(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{c}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{f}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\) | 
| C. | \(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}{{t}_{0}}}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\) | 
| D. | \(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\) | 
| Answer» D. \(\frac{{{V}_{s}}{{t}_{r}}+{{E}_{b}}\left( {{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}} \right)}{{{t}_{r}}+{{t}_{f}}+{{t}_{0}}}\) | |