MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 67 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Microbiology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
Which of the following disinfectant is effective against viruses? |
| A. | Hydrogen peroxide |
| B. | Hypochlorite |
| C. | Formaldehyde |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 2. |
Viruses largely lack metabolic machinery of their own to generate energy or to synthesize |
| A. | protein |
| B. | carbohydrate |
| C. | alcohol |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» B. carbohydrate | |
| 3. |
Viruses require __________ for growth. |
| A. | bacteria |
| B. | plants |
| C. | animals |
| D. | living cells |
| Answer» E. | |
| 4. |
Reverse transcriptase is a useful enzyme to have when |
| A. | an RNA virus converts its RNA to DNA |
| B. | there are no host cells present |
| C. | nutrients are scarce |
| D. | spikes are forming in the new virus |
| Answer» B. there are no host cells present | |
| 5. |
The sequence of nucleic acid in a variety of viruses and viral host, will find more similarities |
| A. | among different viruses than between viruses and their hosts |
| B. | among different viral hosts than among different viruses |
| C. | among different viral hosts than between viruses and their hosts |
| D. | between viruses and their hosts than among different viruses |
| Answer» E. | |
| 6. |
Which of the following is continuous cell line? |
| A. | HeLa |
| B. | HEp-2 |
| C. | KB |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 7. |
The size of viruses is usually measured in |
| A. | centimeters |
| B. | micrometers |
| C. | nanometers |
| D. | millimeters |
| Answer» D. millimeters | |
| 8. |
The temperate phage that have no site specificity for insertion and may even be able to insert multiple copies of their DNA into a single bacterial chromosome is |
| A. | phage enzyme |
| B. | DNA |
| C. | Phage Mu |
| D. | Phage Mn |
| Answer» D. Phage Mn | |
| 9. |
The lysogenic state is governed by the activity of the regulatory region of the lambda phage genomes; this region is termed as |
| A. | immunity repressor |
| B. | immunity operon |
| C. | operon repressor |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» C. operon repressor | |
| 10. |
Enzyme neuraminidase is carried by which of the following viruses? |
| A. | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| B. | Epstein-Barr virus |
| C. | Influenza virus |
| D. | Adenovirus |
| Answer» D. Adenovirus | |
| 11. |
Lysozyme (an endolysin) which will lyse the bacterial cell, releasing the mature virions is present in |
| A. | immediate early phage genes |
| B. | late genes |
| C. | delayed early genes |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» C. delayed early genes | |
| 12. |
The viruses in an attenuated vaccine |
| A. | have no genome |
| B. | continue to replicate |
| C. | are usually larger than bacteria |
| D. | is altered with chemicals |
| Answer» C. are usually larger than bacteria | |
| 13. |
The capsomeres consist of a number of proteins subunits or molecules called |
| A. | protomers |
| B. | caproprotein |
| C. | procapsid |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. caproprotein | |
| 14. |
In order for a virus to replicate |
| A. | the capsid must enter the host cell cytoplasm |
| B. | the host cell must be undergoing mitosis |
| C. | the genome must be released in the cytoplasm |
| D. | the host cell must lack a cell membrane |
| Answer» D. the host cell must lack a cell membrane | |
| 15. |
Which of the following viruses belong to family Flaviviridae? |
| A. | Rubella virus |
| B. | Yellow fever virus |
| C. | Hepatitis C virus |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 16. |
Which of the following viruses show/s transformation of infected cells? |
| A. | Hepatitis B virus |
| B. | Human T cell lymphotronic virus type I |
| C. | Epstein-Barr virus |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 17. |
Edward Jenner began inoculating humans with material from __________ lesions. |
| A. | Smallpox |
| B. | Avianpox |
| C. | Cowpox |
| D. | Chickenpox |
| Answer» D. Chickenpox | |
| 18. |
Enveloped viruses have a __________ shape. |
| A. | icosahedral |
| B. | helical |
| C. | roughly spherical |
| D. | complex |
| Answer» D. complex | |
| 19. |
The envelope of which of the following viruses is derived from the host cell nucleus? |
| A. | Paramyxoviruses |
| B. | Retroviruses |
| C. | Orthomyxoviruses |
| D. | Herpesviruses |
| Answer» E. | |
| 20. |
Which of the following is semi-continuous (diploid) cell line? |
| A. | HeLa |
| B. | HEp-2 |
| C. | WI-38 |
| D. | KB |
| Answer» D. KB | |
| 21. |
Which of the following viruses has not been associated with human cancer? |
| A. | Hepatitis C virus |
| B. | Hepatitis B virus |
| C. | Varicella-Zoster virus |
| D. | Herpes simplex virus type 2 |
| Answer» D. Herpes simplex virus type 2 | |
| 22. |
The viral nucleocapsid is the combination of |
| A. | genome and capsid |
| B. | capsid and spikes |
| C. | envelope and capsid |
| D. | capsomere and genome |
| Answer» B. capsid and spikes | |
| 23. |
Which of the following may affect proteins and nucleic acids, but not viruses? |
| A. | Denaturation |
| B. | Enzyme treatment |
| C. | Pressure |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 24. |
The viral DNA of the temperate phage, instead of taking over the functions of the cell's genes, is incorporated into the host DNA and becomes a prophage in the bacterial chromosome, acting as a gene. This happens in |
| A. | lysogeny |
| B. | spontaneous induction |
| C. | lytic phase |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. spontaneous induction | |
| 25. |
Which of the following statements is not true of viruses? |
| A. | Viruses have been successfully grown in pure cultures in test tubes |
| B. | All viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites |
| C. | All viruses have either DNA or RNA as their genetic material |
| D. | Viruses probably arose from small fragments of cellular chromosomes |
| Answer» B. All viruses are obligatory intracellular parasites | |
| 26. |
Which of the following viruses belong/s to family caliciviridae? |
| A. | Hepatitis B virus |
| B. | Hepatitis D virus |
| C. | Hepatitis E virus |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» D. All of these | |
| 27. |
Plant viruses may be cultivated in |
| A. | tissue culture |
| B. | cultures of separated cells |
| C. | whole plants |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 28. |
The oncogene theory refers to |
| A. | how chemicals inactivate viruses when applied |
| B. | how viruses replicate in host cells |
| C. | how viruses transform normal cells into tumor cells |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 29. |
In cell culture, measles virus may lead to |
| A. | nuclear pyknosis |
| B. | transformation of cells |
| C. | syncytium formation |
| D. | rounding and aggregation of cells |
| Answer» D. rounding and aggregation of cells | |
| 30. |
A change from lysogeny to lysis is generally induced by |
| A. | ultraviolet light |
| B. | chemicals |
| C. | irradiation |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» B. chemicals | |
| 31. |
The repressor protein, since the cell is resistant to lysis from externally infecting phage, is also called |
| A. | immunity repressor |
| B. | immunity operon |
| C. | operon repressor |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. immunity operon | |
| 32. |
Which of the following virus is susceptible to chloroform? |
| A. | Herpes |
| B. | Influenza |
| C. | Measles |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 33. |
Group E phages have |
| A. | single stranded DNA |
| B. | double stranded DNA |
| C. | single stranded RNA |
| D. | double stranded DNA |
| Answer» D. double stranded DNA | |
| 34. |
The temperate phage possesses a gene that codes for a repressor protein which makes the cell resistant to lysis initiated by |
| A. | the prophage |
| B. | lytic infection by other viruses |
| C. | Both (a) and (b) |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 35. |
The bacterial viruses having head made up of large capsomeres, but no tail is morphologically classified as |
| A. | A |
| B. | B |
| C. | C |
| D. | D |
| Answer» E. | |
| 36. |
The viral DNA is removed from the host's chromosomes and the lytic cycle occurs. The process is called |
| A. | spontaneous induction |
| B. | inductive infection |
| C. | resultant induction |
| D. | spontaneous infection |
| Answer» B. inductive infection | |
| 37. |
In the simplest capsid, there is a capsomere at each of the 12 vertices; this capsomere, which is surrounded by five other capsomeres, is termed a |
| A. | penton |
| B. | polyhedra |
| C. | icosahedral |
| D. | helical |
| Answer» B. polyhedra | |
| 38. |
When a virus enters a cell but does not replicate immediately, the situation is called |
| A. | lysogeny |
| B. | fermentation |
| C. | symbiosis |
| D. | synergism |
| Answer» B. fermentation | |
| 39. |
Which of the following are obligate intracellular parasites? |
| A. | <i>Chlamydia</i> |
| B. | Viruses |
| C. | <i>Rickettsia</i> |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 40. |
Viruses can be purified based on their size and density by using |
| A. | gradient centrifugation |
| B. | differential centrifugation |
| C. | precipitation |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. differential centrifugation | |
| 41. |
The extracellular phage number increases until a constant titer at the end of the multiplication cycle. This time interval is termed as |
| A. | eclipse period |
| B. | rise period |
| C. | latent period |
| D. | burst size |
| Answer» C. latent period | |
| 42. |
Which of the following virus is enveloped? |
| A. | Adeno |
| B. | Herpes |
| C. | Polio |
| D. | None of these |
| Answer» C. Polio | |
| 43. |
Which of the following viruses can rescue adenovirus in simian cells? |
| A. | Rabies |
| B. | Vaccinia |
| C. | Simian virus 40 |
| D. | Cytomegalovirus |
| Answer» D. Cytomegalovirus | |
| 44. |
Which of the following bacteriophage is said to have banal symmetry? |
| A. | T2 |
| B. | T4 |
| C. | T6 |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 45. |
The yield of phage per bacterium is called the |
| A. | eclipse size |
| B. | latent size |
| C. | burst size |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» D. none of these | |
| 46. |
The function of a viral capsid is |
| A. | protection against the viral genome from physical and enzymatic destruction |
| B. | providing binding sites that enable the virus to attach to specific receptor sites on the host cell |
| C. | serving as a vehicle of transmission from one host to another |
| D. | all of the above |
| Answer» E. | |
| 47. |
Which of the following viruses belong to family Hepadnaviridae? |
| A. | Hepatitis A virus |
| B. | Hepatitis B virus |
| C. | Hepatitis D virus |
| D. | All of these |
| Answer» C. Hepatitis D virus | |
| 48. |
Which of the following viruses are relatively thermostable? |
| A. | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| B. | Rubella virus |
| C. | Hepatits A virus |
| D. | Influenza virus |
| Answer» D. Influenza virus | |
| 49. |
The time from infection until lysis is called as |
| A. | eclipse period |
| B. | rise period |
| C. | latent period |
| D. | burst size |
| Answer» D. burst size | |
| 50. |
The most popular indirect method of counting virus particles is by |
| A. | hemagglutination assay |
| B. | plaque-assay |
| C. | counting plaque-forming units |
| D. | colony counting |
| Answer» B. plaque-assay | |