

MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 37 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Microbiology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
1. |
Which of the following microorganism use HS as the electron donor to reduce carbon dioxide? |
A. | Both (a) and (b) |
Answer» D. | |
2. |
In the process of nitrogen fixation, which of the following microorganism is involved? |
A. | Non symbiotic microorganisms only |
B. | Symbiotic microorganisms only |
C. | Non symbiotic and symbiotic microorganisms only |
D. | None of the above |
Answer» D. None of the above | |
3. |
An example of a symbiotic nitrogen fixer is |
A. | <i>Azotobacter</i> |
B. | <i>Beijerinckia</i> |
C. | <i>Clostridium</i> |
D. | <i>Rhizobium </i> |
Answer» E. | |
4. |
The transformation of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen is accomplished by microorganisms in a series of biochemical reactions. The process is known as |
A. | nitrification |
B. | denitrification |
C. | nitrogen fixation |
D. | ammonification |
Answer» C. nitrogen fixation | |
5. |
The groups of symbiotic bacteria, which have the ability to fix nitrogen |
A. | derive their food and minerals from the legume, and in turn they supply the legume with some or all of its nitrogen |
B. | grow together for a mutual benefit is called symbiosis and so these bacteria are called symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria |
C. | these bacteria are from the genus, Rhizobium |
D. | all of the above |
Answer» E. | |
6. |
Nitrifying bacteria can not be isolated directly by the usual techniques employed to isolate hetrotrophic bacteria. The reasons may be due to |
A. | slow growth |
B. | medium growth |
C. | fast growth |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. medium growth | |
7. |
The phenomenon of commensalism refers to a relationship between organisms in which |
A. | one species of a pair benefits |
B. | both the species of a pair benefit |
C. | one species of a pair is more benefited |
D. | none of the above |
Answer» B. both the species of a pair benefit | |
8. |
The diagnostic enzyme for denitrification is |
A. | nitrate reductase |
B. | nitrate oxidase |
C. | nitro oxidoreductase |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. nitrate oxidase | |
9. |
Which of the following microorganism use H2S as the electron donor to reduce carbon dioxide? |
A. | <i>Chromaticum</i> |
B. | <i>Chlorobium</i> |
C. | Both (a) and (b) |
D. | <i>Rhodomicrobium</i> |
Answer» D. <i>Rhodomicrobium</i> | |
10. |
The population of algae in soil is __________ that of either bacteria or fungi. |
A. | generally smaller than |
B. | generally greater than |
C. | equal to |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. generally greater than | |
11. |
A heterocyst is |
A. | a type of spore |
B. | a terminally differentiated cell that fixes nitrogen |
C. | the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells |
D. | a cell that carries out oxygenic photosynthesis |
Answer» C. the progenitor of cyanobacterial vegetative cells | |
12. |
Nitrogen fixation refers to the direct conversion of atmospheric nitrogen gas into |
A. | ammonia |
B. | glucose |
C. | ATP |
D. | nitrate |
Answer» B. glucose | |
13. |
The nonsymbiotic bacteria which fix nitrogen live in the soil independently are |
A. | <i>Azotobacter </i> |
B. | <i>Clostridium </i> |
C. | considerably less important in comparison to the symbiotic bacteria |
D. | all of the above |
Answer» E. | |
14. |
Which of the following is not the biofertilisers producing bacteria? |
A. | Nostoc |
B. | Anabaena |
C. | Both (a) and (b) |
D. | Clostridium |
Answer» E. | |
15. |
Most soil protozoa are flagellates or amoebas, having their dominant mode of nitrogen as |
A. | ingestion of bacteria |
B. | ingestion of mold |
C. | ingestion of fungi |
D. | all of these |
Answer» B. ingestion of mold | |
16. |
Which of the following is capable of oxidizing sulfur to sulfates? |
A. | <i>Thiobacillus thiooxidans</i> |
B. | <i>Desulfotomaculum</i> |
C. | <i>Rhodospirillum</i> |
D. | <i>Rhodomicrobium</i> |
Answer» B. <i>Desulfotomaculum</i> | |
17. |
Denitrification may be distinguished as |
A. | dissimilative |
B. | assimilative |
C. | both (a) and (b) |
D. | blue baby syndrome |
Answer» D. blue baby syndrome | |
18. |
The conversion of molecular nitrogen into ammonia is known as |
A. | nitrification |
B. | denitrification |
C. | nitrogen fixation |
D. | ammonification |
Answer» D. ammonification | |
19. |
Which of the following species of different genera of bacteria are not capable of transforming nitrate to nitrogen? |
A. | <i>Achromobacter</i> |
B. | <i>Agrobacterium</i> |
C. | <i>Alcaligenes </i> |
D. | None of these |
Answer» E. | |
20. |
Some microorganisms have the ability to increase the nitrogen content of soils, are called as |
A. | nitrogen fixation |
B. | denitrification |
C. | nitrification |
D. | all of these |
Answer» B. denitrification | |
21. |
__________ play a key role in the transformation of rock to soil. |
A. | Cyanobacteia |
B. | Pectin decomposing bacteria |
C. | Nitrifying bacteria |
D. | De-nitrifying bacteria |
Answer» B. Pectin decomposing bacteria | |
22. |
The groups of bacteria which have the ability to fix nitrogen from air to soil are |
A. | symbiotic |
B. | nonsymbiotic |
C. | both (a) and (b) |
D. | none of these |
Answer» D. none of these | |
23. |
The nitrogenase consists of |
A. | dinitrogenase |
B. | dinitrogenase reductase |
C. | both (a) and (b) |
D. | none of these |
Answer» D. none of these | |
24. |
For rapid decomposition by microbes, the substrate should have a C/N ratio of |
A. | 10-20 |
B. | 20-30 |
C. | 30-40 |
D. | 60-80 |
Answer» D. 60-80 | |
25. |
Which are the main source of biofertilisers? |
A. | Cyanobacteria |
B. | Bacillus |
C. | Streptococcus |
D. | None of these |
Answer» B. Bacillus | |
26. |
The diagnostic enzyme for nitrogen-fixing organisms is |
A. | nitrogenase |
B. | nitrate reductase |
C. | nitrate oxidase |
D. | none of these |
Answer» B. nitrate reductase | |
27. |
Which of the following fungi on infecting crop roots can improve their uptake of phosphorus and other nutrients? |
A. | <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> |
B. | VA Mycorrhiza |
C. | <i>Candida torulopsis</i> |
D. | <i>Aspergillus niger</i> |
Answer» C. <i>Candida torulopsis</i> | |
28. |
Which of the following soil microorganism is involved in the reduction of sulfates to H2S? |
A. | <i>Thiobacillus thiooxidans</i> |
B. | <i>Desulfotomaculum</i> |
C. | <i>Rhodospirillum</i> |
D. | <i>Rhodomicrobium</i> |
Answer» C. <i>Rhodospirillum</i> | |
29. |
Assimilative denitrification is done by |
A. | plants |
B. | fungi |
C. | prokaryotes |
D. | all of these |
Answer» E. | |
30. |
Degree of compost maturity can be assesed by |
A. | infrared technique |
B. | germination test |
C. | both (a) and (b) |
D. | none of the above |
Answer» D. none of the above | |
31. |
The physical structure of soil is improved by the accumulation of |
A. | mold mycelium |
B. | minerals |
C. | water |
D. | all of these |
Answer» B. minerals | |
32. |
The breakdown of cattle manure in biogas is accomplished by which of the following type of bacteria? |
A. | Hydrolytic |
B. | Transitional |
C. | methanogenic |
D. | All of these |
Answer» E. | |
33. |
The microbial ecosystem of soil includes |
A. | biotic components of soil |
B. | abiotic components of soil |
C. | biotic and abiotic components of soil |
D. | none of the above |
Answer» D. none of the above | |
34. |
Syntrophism involves |
A. | exchange of nutrients between two species |
B. | exchange of nutrients among species |
C. | no exchange of nutrients between two species |
D. | no exchange of nutrients among species |
Answer» B. exchange of nutrients among species | |
35. |
The crops which are involved in nitrogen fixation are |
A. | alfalfa and clover |
B. | soybean |
C. | bean and lupine |
D. | all of these |
Answer» E. | |
36. |
Bacteria, as a group, are responsible for |
A. | nitrogen oxidation |
B. | sulfur oxidation |
C. | nitrogen fixation |
D. | all of these |
Answer» E. | |
37. |
The organisms responsible for the characteristic musty or earth odor of a freshly plowed field is/are |
A. | Nocardia |
B. | Streptomyces |
C. | Micromonospora |
D. | all of these |
Answer» E. | |