Explore topic-wise MCQs in Microbiology.

This section includes 71 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Microbiology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.

1.

For each glucose molecule broken down, there are______________number of reduced coenzymes to be oxidized.

A. 12
B. 8
C. 6
D. 4
Answer» B. 8
2.

The phosphate inhibition in the clavine formation with SD58, can be counteracted by the addition of

A. alanine
B. methionine
C. tryptophan
D. lysine
Answer» D. lysine
3.

The major route for incorporation of ammonia (NH) into organic compounds is via

A. reduction of pyruvate or alpha-ketoglutarate by enzymes
B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation
C. oxidation of pyruvate
D. all of these
Answer» B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation
4.

Incorporation of atmospheric Nto NH occurs via the process of

A. assimilatory nitrate reduction
B. transamination
C. deamination
D. nitrogen fixation
Answer» E.
5.

Standard free energy change (ΔG) can be expressed as

A. ΔG° = -RTlnk
B. ΔG° = RTlnk
C. ΔG° = R/Tlnk
D. ΔG° = -RT/lnk
Answer» B. ΔG° = RTlnk
6.

Aerobic catabolism of glucose yields how much energy (ATP synthesized) relative to glucose fermentation?

A. Slightly less
B. About the same
C. Twice as much
D. More than 10 times as much
Answer» E.
7.

The bacteriochlorophylls used by the anoxygenic bacteria have absorbance maxima located in the_____portion(s) of the spectrum.

A. green
B. blue
C. ultraviolet
D. infrared
Answer» E.
8.

The relationship between an oxidation-reduction potential difference and the standard free energy change is (where n is the number of moles of electron transferred, F= Faraday's constant and E°= standard oxidation-reduction potential difference)

A. ΔG° = -nFE°
B. ΔG° = nFE°
C. ΔG° = -nFlnE°
D. ΔG° = nFlnE°
Answer» B. ΔG° = nFE°
9.

ATPase

A. synthesizes ATP, coupled to transfer of extracellular protons into the cell
B. extrudes protons from the cell coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP
C. is the enzyme that incorporates ATP into messenger RNA
D. carries out each of the reactions indicated in (a) and (b)
Answer» E.
10.

Entner - Doudoroff pathway is not found in

A. aerobic prokaryotes
B. anaerobic prokaryotes
C. Both (a) and (b)
D. eukaryotes
Answer» E.
11.

Phosphate deregulated mutants are

A. less sensitive to phosphate regulation
B. moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation
C. highly sensitive to phosphate regulation
D. none of these
Answer» B. moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation
12.

The mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion require

A. metabolic energy
B. concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
C. accumulation of solute against an electrochemical gradient
D. accumulation or concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
Answer» B. concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
13.

Nitrogen fixation is a process that requires

A. energy
B. an anaerobic environment
C. both (a) and (b)
D. an aerobic environment
Answer» D. an aerobic environment
14.

Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll in what way?

A. The chelated metal in bacteriochlorophyll is not Mg
B. There are chemical differences between the two chlorophyll in their side (R) groups
C. They have different absorption spectra
D. Both (b) and (c)
Answer» E.
15.

If ΔG of a chemical reaction is positive in value and k is less than 1 then the chemical reaction will

A. proceed in reverse direction
B. proceeed in forward direction
C. not take place in any of the direction
D. none of these
Answer» B. proceeed in forward direction
16.

Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of is grown in a culture medium containing radioactive sulphur. At the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the radioactive label located in

A. DNA
B. enzymes
C. RNA
D. all of these
Answer» C. RNA
17.

Assimilatory sulfate reduction involves the nucleotide __________ during the incorporation of HS in the production of __________ .

A. ATP; methionine
B. ATP; cytosine
C. UTP; cytosine
D. GTP; cytosine
Answer» C. UTP; cytosine
18.

During the carboxylation phase of the Calvin cycle, CO combines with

A. ribulose 1,5 - bisphosphate
B. phosphoglyceraldehyde
C. pyruvic acid
D. oxaloacetic acid
Answer» B. phosphoglyceraldehyde
19.

Which of the following groups contain(s) many unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and coenzyme F?

A. Sulfate-reducing bacteria
B. Methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing microbes)
C. Methanogens (methane-producing microbes)
D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes)
Answer» D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes)
20.

Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of is grown in a culture medium containing radioactive phosphorous. At the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the radioactive label located in

A. enzymes
B. RNA
C. phospholipids
D. all of these
Answer» E.
21.

High energy transfer compounds are capable of

A. accepting large amounts of free energy
B. transferring large amounts of free energy
C. measuring free energy
D. none of the above
Answer» C. measuring free energy
22.

If G of a chemical reaction is positive in value and keq is less than 1 then the chemical reaction will

A. proceed in reverse direction
B. proceeed in forward direction
C. not take place in any of the direction
D. none of these
Answer» B. proceeed in forward direction
23.

Assimilatory sulfate reduction involves the nucleotide __________ during the incorporation of H2S in the production of __________ .

A. ATP; methionine
B. ATP; cytosine
C. UTP; cytosine
D. GTP; cytosine
Answer» C. UTP; cytosine
24.

The chlorophyll molecules used by eucaryotes and cyanobacteria absorb radiant energy in the____________portion(s) of the visible spectrum.

A. red
B. green
C. red and blue
D. green and ultraviolet
Answer» D. green and ultraviolet
25.

In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is

A. oxygen
B. nitrogen
C. hydrogen
D. nitrate
Answer» B. nitrogen
26.

The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are called

A. catabolism
B. metabolism
C. anabolism
D. activation energy
Answer» B. metabolism
27.

In establishing proton gradient for chemiosmotic ATP generation by aerobic respiration the terminal electron acceptor is

A. nitrate
B. oxygen
C. sulfate
D. CO
E. <sub>2</sub>
Answer» C. sulfate
28.

During the carboxylation phase of the Calvin cycle, CO2 combines with

A. ribulose 1,5 - bisphosphate
B. phosphoglyceraldehyde
C. pyruvic acid
D. oxaloacetic acid
Answer» B. phosphoglyceraldehyde
29.

Which of the following groups contain(s) many unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and coenzyme F420?

A. Sulfate-reducing bacteria
B. Methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing microbes)
C. Methanogens (methane-producing microbes)
D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes)
Answer» D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes)
30.

Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of E. coli is grown in a culture medium containing radioactive phosphorous. At the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the radioactive label located in

A. enzymes
B. RNA
C. phospholipids
D. all of these
Answer» E.
31.

Which of the following is responsible for phosphate solubilization?

A. <i>Streptococcus </i>
B. <i>Streptomyces</i>
C. <i>Bacillus</i>
D. <i>Clostridium</i>
Answer» D. <i>Clostridium</i>
32.

Phosphate deregulated mutants are

A. less sensitive to phosphate regulation
B. moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation
C. highly sensitive to phosphate regulation
D. none of these
Answer» B. moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation
33.

The mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion require

A. metabolic energy
B. concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
C. accumulation of solute against an electrochemical gradient
D. accumulation or concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
Answer» B. concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient
34.

Nitrogen fixation is a process that requires

A. energy
B. an anaerobic environment
C. both (a) and (b)
D. an aerobic environment
Answer» D. an aerobic environment
35.

The phosphate inhibition in the clavine formation with Claviceps SD58, can be counteracted by the addition of

A. alanine
B. methionine
C. tryptophan
D. lysine
Answer» D. lysine
36.

The major route for incorporation of ammonia (NH4+) into organic compounds is via

A. reduction of pyruvate or alpha-ketoglutarate by enzymes
B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation
C. oxidation of pyruvate
D. all of these
Answer» B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation
37.

The specific enzyme/(s) of the glyoxylate cycle is/are

A. isocitrate lyase
B. malate synthase
C. both (a) and (b)
D. anaplerotic
Answer» D. anaplerotic
38.

Digestive reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones are referred as

A. anabolism
B. catabolism
C. metabolism
D. biosynthesis
Answer» C. metabolism
39.

Most of the energy in aerobic respiration of glucose is captured by

A. substrate-level phosphorylation
B. electron transport of electrons from NADH
C. long-chain fatty acid oxidation
D. the enzyme formic-hydrogen lyase
Answer» C. long-chain fatty acid oxidation
40.

In order to get inorganic phosphorous into organic compounds, the phosphate ion is incorporated via

A. substrate level phosphorylation
B. oxidative phosphorylation
C. both (a) and (b)
D. DNA
Answer» D. DNA
41.

Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria oxidize

A. water
B. oxgyen
C. sulfide
D. ammonia
Answer» D. ammonia
42.

Which of the following catalyze liberation of orthophosphate from organic P compounds and inorganic pyrophosphate ?

A. Alkaline phosphates
B. Oxidoreductase
C. Protease
D. Hydrogenase
Answer» B. Oxidoreductase
43.

For each glucose molecule broken down, there are______________number of reduced coenzymes to be oxidized.

A. 12
B. 8
C. 6
D. 4
Answer» B. 8
44.

As the electron flow through the chains, much of their free energy is conserved in the form of ATP. This process is called

A. oxidative phosphorylation
B. electromotive potential
C. dehydrogenations
D. none of these
Answer» B. electromotive potential
45.

The glyoxylate cycle is used by some microorganisms when___________ is the sole carbon source.

A. acetate
B. nitrate
C. carbon dioxide
D. all of these
Answer» B. nitrate
46.

The role of bacteriophyll in an oxygenic photosynthesis is to

A. reduce ferridoxin directly
B. reduce NADP directly
C. use light energy to energize an electron
D. transfer electrons to an intermediate in the sulfide oxidation pathway
Answer» D. transfer electrons to an intermediate in the sulfide oxidation pathway
47.

The reaction, where small precursor molecules are assembled into larger organic molecules is referred as

A. anabolism
B. catabolism
C. metabolism
D. any of these
Answer» B. catabolism
48.

DAHP synthetase catalyzes the condensation of

A. erythrose-4-phosphate
B. phosphoenol pyruvate
C. both (a) and (b)
D. phenylalanine
Answer» D. phenylalanine
49.

Hexose monophosphate pathway is also known as

A. phosphogluconate pathway
B. oxaloacetate pathway
C. malate pathway
D. fumerate pathway
Answer» B. oxaloacetate pathway
50.

Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll in what way?

A. The chelated metal in bacteriochlorophyll is not Mg
B. There are chemical differences between the two chlorophyll in their side (R) groups
C. They have different absorption spectra
D. Both (b) and (c)
Answer» E.