MCQOPTIONS
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MCQOPTIONS
This section includes 71 Mcqs, each offering curated multiple-choice questions to sharpen your Microbiology knowledge and support exam preparation. Choose a topic below to get started.
| 1. |
For each glucose molecule broken down, there are______________number of reduced coenzymes to be oxidized. |
| A. | 12 |
| B. | 8 |
| C. | 6 |
| D. | 4 |
| Answer» B. 8 | |
| 2. |
The phosphate inhibition in the clavine formation with SD58, can be counteracted by the addition of |
| A. | alanine |
| B. | methionine |
| C. | tryptophan |
| D. | lysine |
| Answer» D. lysine | |
| 3. |
The major route for incorporation of ammonia (NH) into organic compounds is via |
| A. | reduction of pyruvate or alpha-ketoglutarate by enzymes |
| B. | atmospheric nitrogen fixation |
| C. | oxidation of pyruvate |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation | |
| 4. |
Incorporation of atmospheric Nto NH occurs via the process of |
| A. | assimilatory nitrate reduction |
| B. | transamination |
| C. | deamination |
| D. | nitrogen fixation |
| Answer» E. | |
| 5. |
Standard free energy change (ΔG) can be expressed as |
| A. | ΔG° = -RTlnk |
| B. | ΔG° = RTlnk |
| C. | ΔG° = R/Tlnk |
| D. | ΔG° = -RT/lnk |
| Answer» B. ΔG° = RTlnk | |
| 6. |
Aerobic catabolism of glucose yields how much energy (ATP synthesized) relative to glucose fermentation? |
| A. | Slightly less |
| B. | About the same |
| C. | Twice as much |
| D. | More than 10 times as much |
| Answer» E. | |
| 7. |
The bacteriochlorophylls used by the anoxygenic bacteria have absorbance maxima located in the_____portion(s) of the spectrum. |
| A. | green |
| B. | blue |
| C. | ultraviolet |
| D. | infrared |
| Answer» E. | |
| 8. |
The relationship between an oxidation-reduction potential difference and the standard free energy change is (where n is the number of moles of electron transferred, F= Faraday's constant and E°= standard oxidation-reduction potential difference) |
| A. | ΔG° = -nFE° |
| B. | ΔG° = nFE° |
| C. | ΔG° = -nFlnE° |
| D. | ΔG° = nFlnE° |
| Answer» B. ΔG° = nFE° | |
| 9. |
ATPase |
| A. | synthesizes ATP, coupled to transfer of extracellular protons into the cell |
| B. | extrudes protons from the cell coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP |
| C. | is the enzyme that incorporates ATP into messenger RNA |
| D. | carries out each of the reactions indicated in (a) and (b) |
| Answer» E. | |
| 10. |
Entner - Doudoroff pathway is not found in |
| A. | aerobic prokaryotes |
| B. | anaerobic prokaryotes |
| C. | Both (a) and (b) |
| D. | eukaryotes |
| Answer» E. | |
| 11. |
Phosphate deregulated mutants are |
| A. | less sensitive to phosphate regulation |
| B. | moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation |
| C. | highly sensitive to phosphate regulation |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation | |
| 12. |
The mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion require |
| A. | metabolic energy |
| B. | concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient |
| C. | accumulation of solute against an electrochemical gradient |
| D. | accumulation or concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient |
| Answer» B. concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient | |
| 13. |
Nitrogen fixation is a process that requires |
| A. | energy |
| B. | an anaerobic environment |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | an aerobic environment |
| Answer» D. an aerobic environment | |
| 14. |
Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll in what way? |
| A. | The chelated metal in bacteriochlorophyll is not Mg |
| B. | There are chemical differences between the two chlorophyll in their side (R) groups |
| C. | They have different absorption spectra |
| D. | Both (b) and (c) |
| Answer» E. | |
| 15. |
If ΔG of a chemical reaction is positive in value and k is less than 1 then the chemical reaction will |
| A. | proceed in reverse direction |
| B. | proceeed in forward direction |
| C. | not take place in any of the direction |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. proceeed in forward direction | |
| 16. |
Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of is grown in a culture medium containing radioactive sulphur. At the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the radioactive label located in |
| A. | DNA |
| B. | enzymes |
| C. | RNA |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» C. RNA | |
| 17. |
Assimilatory sulfate reduction involves the nucleotide __________ during the incorporation of HS in the production of __________ . |
| A. | ATP; methionine |
| B. | ATP; cytosine |
| C. | UTP; cytosine |
| D. | GTP; cytosine |
| Answer» C. UTP; cytosine | |
| 18. |
During the carboxylation phase of the Calvin cycle, CO combines with |
| A. | ribulose 1,5 - bisphosphate |
| B. | phosphoglyceraldehyde |
| C. | pyruvic acid |
| D. | oxaloacetic acid |
| Answer» B. phosphoglyceraldehyde | |
| 19. |
Which of the following groups contain(s) many unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and coenzyme F? |
| A. | Sulfate-reducing bacteria |
| B. | Methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing microbes) |
| C. | Methanogens (methane-producing microbes) |
| D. | Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes) |
| Answer» D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes) | |
| 20. |
Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of is grown in a culture medium containing radioactive phosphorous. At the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the radioactive label located in |
| A. | enzymes |
| B. | RNA |
| C. | phospholipids |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 21. |
High energy transfer compounds are capable of |
| A. | accepting large amounts of free energy |
| B. | transferring large amounts of free energy |
| C. | measuring free energy |
| D. | none of the above |
| Answer» C. measuring free energy | |
| 22. |
If G of a chemical reaction is positive in value and keq is less than 1 then the chemical reaction will |
| A. | proceed in reverse direction |
| B. | proceeed in forward direction |
| C. | not take place in any of the direction |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. proceeed in forward direction | |
| 23. |
Assimilatory sulfate reduction involves the nucleotide __________ during the incorporation of H2S in the production of __________ . |
| A. | ATP; methionine |
| B. | ATP; cytosine |
| C. | UTP; cytosine |
| D. | GTP; cytosine |
| Answer» C. UTP; cytosine | |
| 24. |
The chlorophyll molecules used by eucaryotes and cyanobacteria absorb radiant energy in the____________portion(s) of the visible spectrum. |
| A. | red |
| B. | green |
| C. | red and blue |
| D. | green and ultraviolet |
| Answer» D. green and ultraviolet | |
| 25. |
In aerobic respiration, the terminal electron acceptor is |
| A. | oxygen |
| B. | nitrogen |
| C. | hydrogen |
| D. | nitrate |
| Answer» B. nitrogen | |
| 26. |
The reactions of the cell that are carried out for capturing energy are called |
| A. | catabolism |
| B. | metabolism |
| C. | anabolism |
| D. | activation energy |
| Answer» B. metabolism | |
| 27. |
In establishing proton gradient for chemiosmotic ATP generation by aerobic respiration the terminal electron acceptor is |
| A. | nitrate |
| B. | oxygen |
| C. | sulfate |
| D. | CO |
| E. | <sub>2</sub> |
| Answer» C. sulfate | |
| 28. |
During the carboxylation phase of the Calvin cycle, CO2 combines with |
| A. | ribulose 1,5 - bisphosphate |
| B. | phosphoglyceraldehyde |
| C. | pyruvic acid |
| D. | oxaloacetic acid |
| Answer» B. phosphoglyceraldehyde | |
| 29. |
Which of the following groups contain(s) many unique coenzymes, such as coenzyme M and coenzyme F420? |
| A. | Sulfate-reducing bacteria |
| B. | Methanotrophs (methane-oxidizing microbes) |
| C. | Methanogens (methane-producing microbes) |
| D. | Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes) |
| Answer» D. Acetogens (acetigens; acetate-producing microbes) | |
| 30. |
Radioisotopes are frequently used in the study of cells. Assume a culture of E. coli is grown in a culture medium containing radioactive phosphorous. At the end of 48 hours, it is expected to find the radioactive label located in |
| A. | enzymes |
| B. | RNA |
| C. | phospholipids |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» E. | |
| 31. |
Which of the following is responsible for phosphate solubilization? |
| A. | <i>Streptococcus </i> |
| B. | <i>Streptomyces</i> |
| C. | <i>Bacillus</i> |
| D. | <i>Clostridium</i> |
| Answer» D. <i>Clostridium</i> | |
| 32. |
Phosphate deregulated mutants are |
| A. | less sensitive to phosphate regulation |
| B. | moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation |
| C. | highly sensitive to phosphate regulation |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. moderately sensitive to phosphate regulation | |
| 33. |
The mechanism of passive or facilitated diffusion require |
| A. | metabolic energy |
| B. | concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient |
| C. | accumulation of solute against an electrochemical gradient |
| D. | accumulation or concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient |
| Answer» B. concentration of solute against an electrochemical gradient | |
| 34. |
Nitrogen fixation is a process that requires |
| A. | energy |
| B. | an anaerobic environment |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | an aerobic environment |
| Answer» D. an aerobic environment | |
| 35. |
The phosphate inhibition in the clavine formation with Claviceps SD58, can be counteracted by the addition of |
| A. | alanine |
| B. | methionine |
| C. | tryptophan |
| D. | lysine |
| Answer» D. lysine | |
| 36. |
The major route for incorporation of ammonia (NH4+) into organic compounds is via |
| A. | reduction of pyruvate or alpha-ketoglutarate by enzymes |
| B. | atmospheric nitrogen fixation |
| C. | oxidation of pyruvate |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» B. atmospheric nitrogen fixation | |
| 37. |
The specific enzyme/(s) of the glyoxylate cycle is/are |
| A. | isocitrate lyase |
| B. | malate synthase |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | anaplerotic |
| Answer» D. anaplerotic | |
| 38. |
Digestive reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller ones are referred as |
| A. | anabolism |
| B. | catabolism |
| C. | metabolism |
| D. | biosynthesis |
| Answer» C. metabolism | |
| 39. |
Most of the energy in aerobic respiration of glucose is captured by |
| A. | substrate-level phosphorylation |
| B. | electron transport of electrons from NADH |
| C. | long-chain fatty acid oxidation |
| D. | the enzyme formic-hydrogen lyase |
| Answer» C. long-chain fatty acid oxidation | |
| 40. |
In order to get inorganic phosphorous into organic compounds, the phosphate ion is incorporated via |
| A. | substrate level phosphorylation |
| B. | oxidative phosphorylation |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | DNA |
| Answer» D. DNA | |
| 41. |
Anoxygenic photosynthetic bacteria oxidize |
| A. | water |
| B. | oxgyen |
| C. | sulfide |
| D. | ammonia |
| Answer» D. ammonia | |
| 42. |
Which of the following catalyze liberation of orthophosphate from organic P compounds and inorganic pyrophosphate ? |
| A. | Alkaline phosphates |
| B. | Oxidoreductase |
| C. | Protease |
| D. | Hydrogenase |
| Answer» B. Oxidoreductase | |
| 43. |
For each glucose molecule broken down, there are______________number of reduced coenzymes to be oxidized. |
| A. | 12 |
| B. | 8 |
| C. | 6 |
| D. | 4 |
| Answer» B. 8 | |
| 44. |
As the electron flow through the chains, much of their free energy is conserved in the form of ATP. This process is called |
| A. | oxidative phosphorylation |
| B. | electromotive potential |
| C. | dehydrogenations |
| D. | none of these |
| Answer» B. electromotive potential | |
| 45. |
The glyoxylate cycle is used by some microorganisms when___________ is the sole carbon source. |
| A. | acetate |
| B. | nitrate |
| C. | carbon dioxide |
| D. | all of these |
| Answer» B. nitrate | |
| 46. |
The role of bacteriophyll in an oxygenic photosynthesis is to |
| A. | reduce ferridoxin directly |
| B. | reduce NADP directly |
| C. | use light energy to energize an electron |
| D. | transfer electrons to an intermediate in the sulfide oxidation pathway |
| Answer» D. transfer electrons to an intermediate in the sulfide oxidation pathway | |
| 47. |
The reaction, where small precursor molecules are assembled into larger organic molecules is referred as |
| A. | anabolism |
| B. | catabolism |
| C. | metabolism |
| D. | any of these |
| Answer» B. catabolism | |
| 48. |
DAHP synthetase catalyzes the condensation of |
| A. | erythrose-4-phosphate |
| B. | phosphoenol pyruvate |
| C. | both (a) and (b) |
| D. | phenylalanine |
| Answer» D. phenylalanine | |
| 49. |
Hexose monophosphate pathway is also known as |
| A. | phosphogluconate pathway |
| B. | oxaloacetate pathway |
| C. | malate pathway |
| D. | fumerate pathway |
| Answer» B. oxaloacetate pathway | |
| 50. |
Bacteriochlorophyll differs from chlorophyll in what way? |
| A. | The chelated metal in bacteriochlorophyll is not Mg |
| B. | There are chemical differences between the two chlorophyll in their side (R) groups |
| C. | They have different absorption spectra |
| D. | Both (b) and (c) |
| Answer» E. | |