At constant pressure P the volume of a gas increases from V1 to V2 when ‘Q’ amount of heat is removed from the system. What will happen to internal energy?

Increase by some unknown amount

Remain the same if Q = P(V1 – V2)

Decrease by an amount P(V2 – V1) – Q

Decrease by an amount Q + P(V2 – V1)

Increase by some unknown amount

Intercooling in multistage compression reduces ________.

the volume of free air delivered

the work input to the compressor

the volume of free air delivered

the pressure of air at delivery

A closed thermodynamic system is one in which

There is no energy transfer, but mass transfer exists

There is no energy or mass transfer across the boundary

There is no mass transfer, but energy transfer exists

There is no energy transfer, but mass transfer exists

Both energy and mass transfer takes place across the boundary but the mass transfer is controlled by valves

A mass ‘m’ of a perfect gas at pressure p1 and volume V1 undergoes an isothermal process. The final pressure is p2 and volume V2. The work done on the system is considered positive. If R is the gas constant at T is the temperature, then the work done in the process is

\(RT\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}\)

\({p_1}{V_1}\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}\)

\( - {p_1}{V_1}\ln \frac{{{p_1}}}{{{p_2}}}\)

\(RT\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}\)

\( - mRT\ln \frac{{{p_2}}}{{{p_1}}}\)

For an ideal diffuser in a steady flow, in mCV is the mass of air in its control volume (cv), then:

The specific enthalpy of the air reduces from inlet to exit

The velocity of the air at exit is higher than at the inlet of the diffuser

Δmcv = 0, where Δmcv = change in mass

The specific enthalpy of the air reduces from inlet to exit

ΔEcv < 0, where, ΔEcv = change in total energy

Match items in List – I (Process) with those in List – II (characteristic) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the list:a.Throttling process(i)No work doneb.Isentropic process(ii)No change in entropyc.Free expansion(iii)Constant Internal energyd.Isothermal process(iv)Constant enthalpy

a – (i), b – (ii), c – (iv), d – (iii)

a – (iv), b – (ii), c – (i), d – (iii)

a – (i), b – (ii), c – (iv), d – (iii)

a – (iv), b – (iii), c – (i), d – (ii)

a – (i), b – (iii), c – (iv), d – (ii)

Nozzles used in steam turbines convert ______

enthalpy of steam into pressure energy

enthalpy of steam into kinetic energy

Extensive property of a system is one whose value ________.

does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature, pressure etc.

depends on the mass of the system, like volume

does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature, pressure etc.

is not dependent on the path followed but on the state

is dependent on the path followed and not on the state

Area under process line in P - V (Pressure – Volume) and T - S (Temperature - Entropy) diagrams give _______ and _______ respectively

U, W (Internal energy and Work)

185 + Mcqs in First Law Thermodynamics in Fluid Mechanics Page 1 McqOptions

1.	What reaction takes place during photosynthesis?
A.	Exothermic reaction
B.	Endothermic reaction
C.	Redox reaction
D.	Combustion reaction
Answer» C. Redox reaction

Discussion

2.	Which among this is not an exothermic reaction?
A.	Combustion reaction
B.	Neutralization reaction
C.	Thermite reaction
D.	Evaporating liquid water
Answer» E.

Discussion

3.	SI unit of enthalpy is_______
A.	Joule/kgK
B.	Joule/K
C.	Joule/kg
D.	K/kg
Answer» D. K/kg

Discussion

4.	At constant pressure P the volume of a gas increases from V1 to V2 when ‘Q’ amount of heat is removed from the system. What will happen to internal energy?
A.	Remain the same if Q = P(V1 – V2)
B.	Decrease by an amount P(V2 – V1) – Q
C.	Decrease by an amount Q + P(V2 – V1)
D.	Increase by some unknown amount
Answer» D. Increase by some unknown amount

Discussion

5.	In the given system, 20J of heat is supplied to the gas molecules. The spring is initially not elongated or compressed. If the spring gets compressed by 1cm. Calculate the change in internal energy of the system. Spring constant = 200N/m. Assume piston moves slowly.
A.	19J
B.	-19J
C.	21J
D.	-21J
Answer» B. -19J

Discussion

6.	In the process A to B to C, 20J of heat is supplied from A to B. 20.5J of heat has been removed from B to C and 2J of heat has been added from C to A. Calculate the value of ‘v’ from the given conditions in the diagram. The values of pressure and volume given in the graph are in S.I. units.
A.	4m3
B.	1.5m3
C.	3m3
D.	8m3
Answer» B. 1.5m3

Discussion

7.	A disc spinning with 24J of kinetic energy is kept in a container containing a fluid having a heat capacity of 2000J/K. When the disc comes to rest what will be the change in internal energy if ΔU = 3.5ΔT.
A.	0
B.	0.042J
C.	0.021J
D.	0.028J
Answer» C. 0.021J

Discussion

8.	Consider a gas contained in a rigid container of volume 20m3. What will be the change in internal energy if 50J of heat is provided to it? Assume the gas exerts a pressure of 1atm on the walls.
A.	50J
B.	0
C.	70J
D.	20J
Answer» B. 0

Discussion

9.	A block of mass 1kg is given a velocity of 5m/s on a horizontal flat surface. What will be the change in internal energy of the block-surface system, when the block comes to rest. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.3 and coefficient of static friction is 0.4.
A.	25J
B.	12.5J
C.	0
D.	30J
Answer» C. 0

Discussion

10.	What is the relation between the internal energy and heat supplied in the process 1 & 2 shown in the diagram? Both paths start at A and end at B.
A.	U1 > U2, Q1 > Q2
B.	U1 < U2, Q1 > Q2
C.	U1 = U2, Q1 = Q2
D.	U1 = U2, Q2 > Q2
Answer» E.

Discussion

11.	If 315cal of heat is given to the system, and the system does 20cal of work, find the change in internal energy.
A.	295cal
B.	335cal
C.	0 cal
D.	335J
Answer» B. 335cal

Discussion

12.	First law of thermodynamics is based on?
A.	Conservation of energy
B.	Conservation of mass
C.	Conservation of momentum
D.	Conservation of work
Answer» B. Conservation of mass

Discussion

13.	ΔU=0 means that the process is isothermic. True or False?
A.	True
B.	False
Answer» B. False

Discussion

14.	Gas contained in a closed system consisting of piston-cylinder arrangement is expanded work done by the gas during expansion is 50 kJ. The decrease in internal energy of the gas during expansion is 30 kJ. Heat transfer during the process is equal to
A.	-20 kJ
B.	+20 kJ
C.	-80 kJ
D.	+80 kJ
Answer» C. -80 kJ

Discussion

15.	All of the following are intensive properties EXCEPT
A.	Mass
B.	Density
C.	Pressure
D.	Temperature
Answer» B. Density

Discussion

16.	Intercooling in multistage compression reduces ________.
A.	the work input to the compressor
B.	the volume of free air delivered
C.	the pressure of air at delivery
D.	the index of compression
Answer» B. the volume of free air delivered

Discussion

17.	A closed thermodynamic system is one in which
A.	There is no energy or mass transfer across the boundary
B.	There is no mass transfer, but energy transfer exists
C.	There is no energy transfer, but mass transfer exists
D.	Both energy and mass transfer takes place across the boundary but the mass transfer is controlled by valves
Answer» C. There is no energy transfer, but mass transfer exists

Discussion

18.	A 4 kW, 20 litre water heater is switched on for 10 minutes. The heat capacity Cp for water is 4 kJ/kg-K. Assuming all the electrical energy has gone into heating the water. The increase of the water temperature is
A.	15°C
B.	20°C
C.	26°C
D.	30°C
Answer» E.

Discussion

19.	A mass ‘m’ of a perfect gas at pressure p1 and volume V1 undergoes an isothermal process. The final pressure is p2 and volume V2. The work done on the system is considered positive. If R is the gas constant at T is the temperature, then the work done in the process is
A.	\({p_1}{V_1}\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}\)
B.	\( - {p_1}{V_1}\ln \frac{{{p_1}}}{{{p_2}}}\)
C.	\(RT\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}\)
D.	\( - mRT\ln \frac{{{p_2}}}{{{p_1}}}\)
Answer» C. \(RT\ln \frac{{{V_2}}}{{{V_1}}}\)

Discussion

20.	For an ideal diffuser in a steady flow, in mCV is the mass of air in its control volume (cv), then:
A.	The velocity of the air at exit is higher than at the inlet of the diffuser
B.	Δmcv = 0, where Δmcv = change in mass
C.	The specific enthalpy of the air reduces from inlet to exit
D.	ΔEcv < 0, where, ΔEcv = change in total energy
Answer» C. The specific enthalpy of the air reduces from inlet to exit

Discussion

21.	Consider the following systems:1. An electric heater2. A gas turbine3. A reciprocating compressorThe steady flow energy equation can be applied to which of the above systems?
A.	1 and 2 only
B.	1 and 3 only
C.	1, 2 and 3
D.	2 and 3 only
Answer» D. 2 and 3 only

Discussion

22.	A system is composed of a gas contained in a cylinder fitted with a piston. The gas expands from the state 1 for which E1 = 75 kJ to a state 2 for which E2 = -25 kJ. During the expansion, the gas does 60 kJ of work on the surroundings. The heat transferred to or from the systems during the process is:
A.	-30 kJ
B.	-40 kJ
C.	30 kJ
D.	40 kJ
Answer» C. 30 kJ

Discussion

23.	In a cyclic process, the heat transfer are + 30 J, - 50 J, -10 J and + 60 J. The net work in the cyclic processes is
A.	30 Nm
B.	40 Nm
C.	50 Nm
D.	60 Nm
Answer» B. 40 Nm

Discussion

24.	Identify the incorrect option from below with regard to the first law of thermodynamics for a cyclic process.Where, Wnet = Net work output of the cycle, Qh = heat supplied to the cycle, Q1 = heat rejected by the cycle
A.	Wnet = Qh – Q1
B.	ηcycle = Q1/Qh
C.	∑Qi = ∑Wi
D.	ηcycle = Wnet/Qh
Answer» C. ∑Qi = ∑Wi

Discussion

25.	One hundredth of a kilogram of air is compressed in a piston-cylinder device. At in instant of time when T = 400 K, the rate at which work is being done on the air is 8.165 kW and heat is being removed at a rate of 1.0 kW, the rate of temperature rise will be
A.	10 K/s
B.	100 K/s
C.	1000 K/s
D.	10000 K/s
Answer» D. 10000 K/s

Discussion

26.	Air compressed is isentropically in a compressor from 1 bar to 5 bar. Assuming γ = 1.4 for air and clearance volume is 5% of swept volume, the volumetric efficiency of the compressor is (Take (5)0.714 = 3.157):
A.	89.21 %
B.	99.21 %
C.	92.67 %
D.	93.01 %
Answer» B. 99.21 %

Discussion

27.	A gas is heated in a duct as it flows over a resistance heater. Consider a 101 kW electric heating system. The gas enters the heating section of the duct at 100 kPa and 27 °C with a volume flow rate of 15 m3/s. If heat is lost from the gas in the duct to the surroundings at a rate of 51 kW, the exit temperature of the gas is(Assume constant pressure, ideal gas, negligible change in kinetic and potential energies and constant specific heat; Cp = 1 kJ/kg·K; R = 0.5 kJ/kg·K.)
A.	32°C
B.	37°C
C.	53°C
D.	76°C
Answer» B. 37°C

Discussion

28.	Figure below shows thermodynamic expansion processes A, B, C and D. Which line is closest to the isentropic process?
A.	A
B.	B
C.	C
D.	D
Answer» D. D

Discussion

29.	Match items in List – I (Process) with those in List – II (characteristic) and select the correct answer using the codes given below in the list:a.Throttling process(i)No work doneb.Isentropic process(ii)No change in entropyc.Free expansion(iii)Constant Internal energyd.Isothermal process(iv)Constant enthalpy
A.	a – (iv), b – (ii), c – (i), d – (iii)
B.	a – (i), b – (ii), c – (iv), d – (iii)
C.	a – (iv), b – (iii), c – (i), d – (ii)
D.	a – (i), b – (iii), c – (iv), d – (ii)
Answer» B. a – (i), b – (ii), c – (iv), d – (iii)

Discussion

30.	A system executes a cyclic process during which there are two processes as given below:1Q2 = 460 kJ, 2Q1 = 100 kJ and 1W2 = 210 kJWhat will be work interaction in process 2W1?
A.	100 kJ
B.	- 210 kJ
C.	350 kJ
D.	- 150 kJ
Answer» D. - 150 kJ

Discussion

31.	A cylinder contains 5 m3 of ideal gas at a pressure of 1 bar. This gas is compressed in a reversible isothermal process till its pressure increases to 5 bar. The work in kJ required for this process is
A.	804.7
B.	953.2
C.	981.7
D.	1012.2
Answer» B. 953.2

Discussion

32.	In a steam turbine with steam flow rate of 1 kg/s, inlet velocity of steam of 100 m/s, exit velocity of steam of 150 m/s, enthalpy at inlet of 2900 kJ/kg, enthalpy at outlet of 1600 kJ/kg, the power available from the turbine will be nearly
A.	1575.5 kW
B.	1481.6 kW
C.	1387.7 kW
D.	1293.8 kW
Answer» E.

Discussion

33.	A system undergoes a change of rate during which 100 kJ of heat is transferred to it and it does 50 kJ of work. The system is brought back to its original state through a process during which 120 kJ of heat is transferred to it. The work done by the system is
A.	50 kJ
B.	70 kJ
C.	170 kJ
D.	none of these
Answer» D. none of these

Discussion

34.	A cyclic heat engine does 50 kJ of work per cycle. If the efficiency of heat engine is 75%, the heat rejected per cycle is
A.	16 kJ
B.	33 kJ
C.	37 kJ
D.	60 kJ
Answer» B. 33 kJ

Discussion

35.	A loaded domestic refrigerator consumes 1.0 kW-hr of energy during a certain period. The internal energy of the system drops by 5000 kJ. The quantity of heat transferred from the system to the surrounding will be
A.	86 MJ
B.	860 MJ
C.	8.6 MJ
D.	0.86 MJ
Answer» D. 0.86 MJ

Discussion

36.	Nozzles used in steam turbines convert ______
A.	pressure energy into work
B.	enthalpy of steam into pressure energy
C.	enthalpy of steam into kinetic energy
D.	enthalpy of steam into work
Answer» D. enthalpy of steam into work

Discussion

37.	A gas mixture consists of 3 kg of O2, 5 kg of N2 and 12 kg of CH4. The mass fraction and mole fraction of O2 are
A.	0.25 and 0.125
B.	0.15 and 0.092
C.	0.25 and 0.092
D.	0.15 and 0.125
Answer» C. 0.25 and 0.092

Discussion

38.	A 2 kW electric resistance heater submerged in 5 kg water is turned on and kept on for 10 min. During the process 300 kJ of heat is lost from the water the temperature rise of water is
A.	57.4°C
B.	71.8°C
C.	43.1°C
D.	180°C
Answer» D. 180°C

Discussion

39.	In a steady flow reversible adiabatic process, work done is equal to:
A.	Change in internal energy
B.	Change in entropy
C.	Change in enthalpy
D.	Heat transferred
Answer» D. Heat transferred

Discussion

40.	Extensive property of a system is one whose value ________.
A.	depends on the mass of the system, like volume
B.	does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature, pressure etc.
C.	is not dependent on the path followed but on the state
D.	is dependent on the path followed and not on the state
Answer» B. does not depend on the mass of the system, like temperature, pressure etc.

Discussion

41.	A bulb of 100 W capacity was switched on in a thermally insulated room of size (2.5 × 3 × 3) m3 and temperature 20°C. Find the temperature of the room at the end of 24 hours.
A.	450 °C
B.	47 °C
C.	470 °C
D.	4700 °C
Answer» D. 4700 °C

Discussion

42.	A closed gaseous system undergoes a reversible constant pressure process at 2 bar in which 100 kJ of heat is rejected and the volume changes from 0.2 m3 to 0.1 m3. The change in the internal energy of the system
A.	-100 kJ
B.	-80 kJ
C.	-60 kJ
D.	-40 kJ
Answer» C. -60 kJ

Discussion

43.	Area under process line in P - V (Pressure – Volume) and T - S (Temperature - Entropy) diagrams give _______ and _______ respectively
A.	Q and W (Heat and Work)
B.	W and Q (Work and Heat)
C.	U, W (Internal energy and Work)
D.	H, W (Enthalpy and Work)
Answer» C. U, W (Internal energy and Work)

Discussion

44.	Air flows steadily at the rate of 1 kg/s through an air compressor at 10 m/s, 100 kPa and 1 m3/kg and leaving at 6 m/s, 800 kPa and 0.2 m3/kg. The internal energy of the air leaving is 100 kJ/kg greater than the air entering. Cooling water in the compressor jacket absorbs heat from air at the rate of 100 kW. Find the rate of work done.
A.	260 kW
B.	480 kW
C.	320 kW
D.	540 kW
Answer» B. 480 kW

Discussion

45.	A well-insulated vessel containing air is heated to double the pressure and temperature 150% of initial. The amount of air that leaked is
A.	20%
B.	22.5%
C.	25%
D.	0%
Answer» D. 0%

Discussion

46.	In a thermodynamic system, a process in which volume remains constant is called ______ process.
A.	isobaric
B.	isometric
C.	adiabatic
D.	isentropic
Answer» C. adiabatic

Discussion

47.	Normally, the following condenser is used in big refrigeration system of air conditioning plants.
A.	Double tube condenser
B.	Shell and tube condenser
C.	Shell and coil condenser
D.	Evaporation condenser
Answer» C. Shell and coil condenser

Discussion

48.	A thermodynamic cycle is composed of four processes. The heat added, and the work donein each process are as follows:ProcessHeat transfer (J)Work done (J)1-2050 (by the gas)2-350(from the gas)03-4020 (on the gas)4-180 (to the gas)0 The thermal efficiency of the cycle is
A.	20.3%
B.	37.5%
C.	40.3%
D.	62.5%
Answer» C. 40.3%

Discussion

49.	Air at 100 kPa, 2°C occupies a 10 liters piston-cylinder device that is arranged to maintain constant air pressure. This device is now heated until its volume is 20 liters. The work produced by the air is
A.	20 kJ
B.	10 kJ
C.	2 kJ
D.	1 kJ
Answer» E.

Discussion

50.	m kg of steam at state 1 is admitted to a turbine and expands isentropically down to a lower pressure of state 2. Its work output is:Where, h1 = enthalpy of the steam entering the turbine, h2 = enthalpy of steam leaving from the turbine
A.	m(h1/h2)
B.	m(h1 + h2)
C.	m(h1 – h2)
D.	(1/m) (h1 + h2)
Answer» D. (1/m) (h1 + h2)

Discussion

Explore topic-wise MCQs in Fluid Mechanics.

What reaction takes place during photosynthesis?

Which among this is not an exothermic reaction?

SI unit of enthalpy is_______

At constant pressure P the volume of a gas increases from V1 to V2 when ‘Q’ amount of heat is removed from the system. What will happen to internal energy?

In the given system, 20J of heat is supplied to the gas molecules. The spring is initially not elongated or compressed. If the spring gets compressed by 1cm. Calculate the change in internal energy of the system. Spring constant = 200N/m. Assume piston moves slowly.

In the process A to B to C, 20J of heat is supplied from A to B. 20.5J of heat has been removed from B to C and 2J of heat has been added from C to A. Calculate the value of ‘v’ from the given conditions in the diagram. The values of pressure and volume given in the graph are in S.I. units.

A disc spinning with 24J of kinetic energy is kept in a container containing a fluid having a heat capacity of 2000J/K. When the disc comes to rest what will be the change in internal energy if ΔU = 3.5ΔT.

Consider a gas contained in a rigid container of volume 20m3. What will be the change in internal energy if 50J of heat is provided to it? Assume the gas exerts a pressure of 1atm on the walls.

A block of mass 1kg is given a velocity of 5m/s on a horizontal flat surface. What will be the change in internal energy of the block-surface system, when the block comes to rest. The coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.3 and coefficient of static friction is 0.4.

What is the relation between the internal energy and heat supplied in the process 1 & 2 shown in the diagram? Both paths start at A and end at B.

If 315cal of heat is given to the system, and the system does 20cal of work, find the change in internal energy.

First law of thermodynamics is based on?

ΔU=0 means that the process is isothermic. True or False?

Gas contained in a closed system consisting of piston-cylinder arrangement is expanded work done by the gas during expansion is 50 kJ. The decrease in internal energy of the gas during expansion is 30 kJ. Heat transfer during the process is equal to

All of the following are intensive properties EXCEPT

Intercooling in multistage compression reduces ________.

A closed thermodynamic system is one in which

A 4 kW, 20 litre water heater is switched on for 10 minutes. The heat capacity Cp for water is 4 kJ/kg-K. Assuming all the electrical energy has gone into heating the water. The increase of the water temperature is

A mass ‘m’ of a perfect gas at pressure p1 and volume V1 undergoes an isothermal process. The final pressure is p2 and volume V2. The work done on the system is considered positive. If R is the gas constant at T is the temperature, then the work done in the process is

For an ideal diffuser in a steady flow, in mCV is the mass of air in its control volume (cv), then:

Consider the following systems:1. An electric heater2. A gas turbine3. A reciprocating compressorThe steady flow energy equation can be applied to which of the above systems?

In a cyclic process, the heat transfer are + 30 J, - 50 J, -10 J and + 60 J. The net work in the cyclic processes is

Identify the incorrect option from below with regard to the first law of thermodynamics for a cyclic process.Where, Wnet = Net work output of the cycle, Qh = heat supplied to the cycle, Q1 = heat rejected by the cycle

One hundredth of a kilogram of air is compressed in a piston-cylinder device. At in instant of time when T = 400 K, the rate at which work is being done on the air is 8.165 kW and heat is being removed at a rate of 1.0 kW, the rate of temperature rise will be

Air compressed is isentropically in a compressor from 1 bar to 5 bar. Assuming γ = 1.4 for air and clearance volume is 5% of swept volume, the volumetric efficiency of the compressor is (Take (5)0.714 = 3.157):

Figure below shows thermodynamic expansion processes A, B, C and D. Which line is closest to the isentropic process?

A system executes a cyclic process during which there are two processes as given below:1Q2 = 460 kJ, 2Q1 = 100 kJ and 1W2 = 210 kJWhat will be work interaction in process 2W1?

A cylinder contains 5 m3 of ideal gas at a pressure of 1 bar. This gas is compressed in a reversible isothermal process till its pressure increases to 5 bar. The work in kJ required for this process is

In a steam turbine with steam flow rate of 1 kg/s, inlet velocity of steam of 100 m/s, exit velocity of steam of 150 m/s, enthalpy at inlet of 2900 kJ/kg, enthalpy at outlet of 1600 kJ/kg, the power available from the turbine will be nearly

A system undergoes a change of rate during which 100 kJ of heat is transferred to it and it does 50 kJ of work. The system is brought back to its original state through a process during which 120 kJ of heat is transferred to it. The work done by the system is

A cyclic heat engine does 50 kJ of work per cycle. If the efficiency of heat engine is 75%, the heat rejected per cycle is

A loaded domestic refrigerator consumes 1.0 kW-hr of energy during a certain period. The internal energy of the system drops by 5000 kJ. The quantity of heat transferred from the system to the surrounding will be

Nozzles used in steam turbines convert ______

A gas mixture consists of 3 kg of O2, 5 kg of N2 and 12 kg of CH4. The mass fraction and mole fraction of O2 are

A 2 kW electric resistance heater submerged in 5 kg water is turned on and kept on for 10 min. During the process 300 kJ of heat is lost from the water the temperature rise of water is

In a steady flow reversible adiabatic process, work done is equal to:

Extensive property of a system is one whose value ________.

A bulb of 100 W capacity was switched on in a thermally insulated room of size (2.5 × 3 × 3) m3 and temperature 20°C. Find the temperature of the room at the end of 24 hours.

A closed gaseous system undergoes a reversible constant pressure process at 2 bar in which 100 kJ of heat is rejected and the volume changes from 0.2 m3 to 0.1 m3. The change in the internal energy of the system

Area under process line in P - V (Pressure – Volume) and T - S (Temperature - Entropy) diagrams give _______ and _______ respectively

A well-insulated vessel containing air is heated to double the pressure and temperature 150% of initial. The amount of air that leaked is

In a thermodynamic system, a process in which volume remains constant is called ______ process.

Normally, the following condenser is used in big refrigeration system of air conditioning plants.

A thermodynamic cycle is composed of four processes. The heat added, and the work donein each process are as follows:ProcessHeat transfer (J)Work done (J)1-2050 (by the gas)2-350(from the gas)03-4020 (on the gas)4-180 (to the gas)0 The thermal efficiency of the cycle is

Air at 100 kPa, 2°C occupies a 10 liters piston-cylinder device that is arranged to maintain constant air pressure. This device is now heated until its volume is 20 liters. The work produced by the air is

m kg of steam at state 1 is admitted to a turbine and expands isentropically down to a lower pressure of state 2. Its work output is:Where, h1 = enthalpy of the steam entering the turbine, h2 = enthalpy of steam leaving from the turbine

Area under process line in P - V (Pressure – Volume) and T - S (Temperature - Entropy) diagrams give _ and _ respectively