This statement is False.

• The state has four essential elements i.e. population, territory, government, and sovereignty. Palestine does not have a sovereign government. Its territory is under Israeli jurisdiction.
• Hence, Palestine is a nation, not a State although more than 100 members of the UNO have given recognition to Palestine as a State.

This statement is True.

1. Mass media has become an integral part of our day to day life. Advertisements through mass media are the means for delivering impersonal communication directed to a vast audience. 

2. Advertisements transmit information and messages which influence the behaviour of the consumer to a great extent. 

3. The use of colours, words, music, images, videos influence our behaviour and persuades us to take action.

Advertisements through mass media has wider approach.

This statement is True.

• In the expansionist form of nationalism, countries become aggressive, imperialist, and colonialist, and create empires for national glory.
• This has been noticed in Nazi Germany Fascist Italy.

This statement is False. 

1. If human behaviours were governed only by instinct, there would be very few differences between societies. Human behaviour would be much the same regardless of place and time. 

2. Different cultures develop different ways of doing things. 

3. What we think and how we act is taught to us by the larger culture that we inherit and share. Thus, human behaviours acquired, of the many diverse ways of living and not governed only by instinct.

This statement is False. 

1. Just as industrialization organised and centralized work under one roof called factories, computer technology is allowing for decentralization of work. 

2. Laptops, mobiles and accessibility of new information technology can turn any space into a virtual office. 

3. The Information Revolution demands a new set of individual skills such as the ability to communicate, to write, to present and use computer technology.

This statement is True.

1. Socialization through family is varied because there is no single uniform pattern to do so. A child brought up in a nuclear family will undergo different patterns of socialization than one in an extended family. In nuclear family, parents may be key socializing agents but in the other in the extended family grandparents, an aunt, a cousin may play a significant role. 

2. Patterns of child-rearing vary across families with different caste, class, and ethnic backgrounds 

3. The influence of different family backgrounds can be seen on a child growing up in a poor, marginalized household and a child growing up in an upper caste/upper class family background.

This statement is False.

• Progressive nationalism is integral nationalism that can help people of a society to unite and to promote development towards the objective of national integration.
• Aggressive nationalism is destructive and can create differences amongst people.

This statement is False. 

1. Education as a system also perpetrates gender differences 

2. Although the ‘gender gap’ in education has narrowed, it still remains as a challenge : for equal access to educational opportunities. 

3. Gender difference is evident enough when we consider issues like, preference for a boy’s schooling over a girl’s or high school drop out rate among girls, or soft subject choices for girls.

This statement is True.

1. The physical environment has been adversely affected by human behaviour, in the name of ‘development’. 

2. The effects of industrial pollution on the environment and the consequent effects such as global warming, melting of solar caps etc., are examples of the physical environment. 

3. Hence, there is a need for conscious efforts to promote ‘sustainable development for all’. To solve the problem created by physical environment

This statement is False. 

1. Sometimes, changes proceed from one stage to another, like in a sequence, and in a single direction. For example, Auguste Comtes Theory of Three Stages of human thought is an example of linear change. 

2. It may also be multi- linear, that is, changes can take place in several different directions at the same time. 

3. Change may also be cyclical; for example, this is common in the world of fashion. Styles of dressing or which were popular few generations ago have become popular today.

This statement is True. 

1. Cases of Feral like Genie’s suggest that human contact is necessary for the basic social and physical development. 

2. For example, simple skills such as walking upright or using language were missing in Genie. Such examples denote the significance of socialization.

3. What we think and how we act is taught to us by the larger culture.

This statement is True.

1. Sometimes people are not open to change as they are too comfortable within their life. 

2. Sometimes people don’t perceive the need to change prejudice or attitude towards a change also becomes obstacles. 

3. Fear of unknown leads people to avoid difference. Hence, prejudice and fear of unknown is an obstacle to social change.

This statement is True.

• Sovereignty refers to the supreme power of the state internally as well as externally.
• The State is free from external control and also legally sovereign with its own independent constitution.

This statement is True. 

1. A total institution is usually set apart from the society by distance, laws, and physical attributes like high walls, barbed wire fences, and locked gates.

2. They are organised by strict rules and norms determined and enforced by a single authority. 

3. The fundamental purpose of these institutions is to re-socialize people into changed identities and roles, hence it is set apart and organized by strict rules and norms.

This statement is True. 

1. It involves a learning process to gain knowledge and skills not just to survive but to live life more meaningfully. 

2. Modern societies have evolved a distinct institution of education to fulfil basic goals

• To create and disseminate ideas and knowledge. 
• To develop skills to use existing knowledge for the betterment of society.

3. Education is thus a broad process of learning that broadens an individual’s cognitive horizons and develops the skills to choose, evaluate and add to existing knowledge which leads to actualization of potentials of an individual.

This statement is True.

1. Schooling involves learning values and norms at a step higher than those learnt in family. 

2. Skills and values like teamwork, competitive spirit, discipline, conformity to authority are learnt in schools and this helps prepare students for the adult world. 

3. School indicates unquestioned acceptance of the system thus, projecting a wider range of values and roles.

This statement is True. 

1. They are considered as important primary agencies of socialization because personal interactions with our peers influences our behaviour from how we dress to what we like and what we hate. 

2. In peer groups, the interactions are reasonably egalitarian as there is a greater amount of give and take, when compared to family or school. 

3. We carry the value of friendship with us throughout our lives.

This statement is True. 

1. Stages of economic development in human history are not limited to economic transformation in society. 

2. They promoted large scale political and social transformations. Amidst these changes, there continues to be a need for a decent livelihood and human welfare. 

3. Economic development affects different institutions like family, education etc. The growth of largescale industries led to a spurt in cities, employment opportunities, professionalism, exploitation, trade unionism and so forth.

This statement is False. 

1. Gender and sex are not interchangeable terms. Sex refers to the biological distinction between males and males. 

2. In contrast, the term gender refers to the social aspects of differences and hierarchies between male and female. Gender is result of socialization and a social construct.

3. Sex may be male or female whereas gender refers to the social meaning of masculinity and femininity. It determines how one should behave in society.

This statement is True. 

1. The moral of honesty, courage, nonviolence, etc., is narrated to children in an effective manner. 

2. For centuries together moral stories are transmitted from one generation to another. It gives them a sense of growing up in their own world and a notion of right or wrong. 

3. Thus, the function of all children’s stories is to create a sense in the children of the right/ wrong, acceptable/non-acceptable, is prevalent in a particular society. Through this process vulnerable infants become self-aware, skilled individuals.

This statement is False.

1. The conflict perspective holds that all individuals are not placed equally in society. The distribution of privileges and opportunities is skewed and mostly in favour of the affluent section of society.

2. Social institutions, from this perspective, contributes to social divisions and inequalities. 

3. They operate in the interest of the dominant sections of society.

This statement is False. 

1. Economic interdependence is one of the main features of modern societies. In modern societies the world economy operates through the exchange of capital, labour, raw material and technology. 

2. It is dependent on an immense number of workers – stretching all across the world – for the goods and services. 

3. Industrial production was centralized. Workers were stationed at fixed positions. Globalized economy work is decentralized hence interdependent.

This statement is True. 

It is an overdraft on the current account.

This statement is False. 

1. In most countries throughout the world, societies allocate fewer resources to women than to men. 

2. Almost all societies are characterized by sexism. Sexism is the belief that one sex is superior that the other. 

3. All through, societies have been believing in the superiority of men over women and therefore have been dominating women which is further supported by patriarchy.

This statement is True. 

1. Occupation is an important aspect of social class and it is another determinant of class status. 

2. It is a well-known fact that some kinds of work are more honourable than others, e.g., doctors, engineers, professors and lawyers hold a higher position than people who are in labour-intensive professions. 

3. Occupation is also one of the best clues to one’s way of life, and therefore to one’s social class membership.

This statement is True. 

(i) The process of learning attitudes, norms and behaviour patterns and becoming members of different social groups like family, kin network, peer group and later, formal groups like school, professional networks etc., is a life long process.

(ii) Socialization is an ongoing process of continuous learning The birth of a child is a new experience of parenting for a couple. Similarly, older people become grandparents thus creating another set of relationships connecting different generations with each other.

(iii) Thus, socialization as a learning process is life long even though the most critical process happens in the early years but secondary socialization extends over the entire life of a person.

This statement is True.

1. The Supreme Court of India on September 6, 2018 decriminalised section 377 of the I. P. C. and allowed gay relation among consenting adults in private. 

2. The SC ruled out that consensual adult gay sex is not a crime saying that such sexual orientation is natural and people have no control over it.

This statement is False. 

A cheque received and deposited on the same day is not a contra entry.

This statement is True. 

1. Sometimes an individual is caught in a situation where one has to break away from past experience and earlier way of life and internalise radically different norms and values. 

2. Hence, it involves complete alteration of the earlier lifestyle and thinking. The new way of life is not only different but also incompatible with the earlier one. 

3. The basic of re-socialization is to unlearn and then relearn. The individual has to completely re-engineer one’s sense of social values, beliefs and norms.

This statement is False. 

1. Socialization in family does not always means unquestioned acceptance of everything that elders say. 

2. Children can also negotiate, question and develop outlooks contradictory to their elders. 

3. This is more so in the contemporary world in which diverse socializing agencies influence social learning.