Soap: (1) Soap molecules are sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.(2) They form scum upon reaction with calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water.(3) They are fully biodegradable(4) They do not work with woolen garments.(5) It may cause irritation to skin.Detergent: (1) Detergent molecules are ammonium or sulphonate salts of long-chain carboxylic acids.(2) They do not form insoluble precipitates with calcium and magnesium ions.(3) Some detergents having branched hydrocarbonate chain are non biodegradable.(4) They work well with woolen garments.(5) They do not causes irritation to skin.

Soaps forms scum upon reaction with calcium or magnesium iona present in hard water whereas detergent do not form insoluble precipitate with calcium or magnesium ions.
Soap molecules are Na or K salts of long chain carboxylic acid whereas detergent molecules are Ammonium or sulphonate salts if long chain carboxylic acid.
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