a. Events of February 1848, France influenced the liberal middle class who combined their demands for nation unification and constitutionalism, there was growing unrest among them. This event had influenced the liberal revolution in 1848. It became an inspiration in entire Europe where independent nations did not exist like Germany, Italy, Poland.b.There was an increased demand for constitutionalism and national unification by the people.c. There was a demand for a nation state , freedom of press etc.d. Rise of political associations, groups among women and growing demand for suffrage and political rights became quite widespread in Europe,e. Though conservatives were able to suppress liberal movements in 1848,Monarchs realised that the cycles of revolution could only be ended by granting concessions to the liberal-nationalist revolutionaries and by conceding to some of their demands.f. In the years after 1848, the autocratic monarchies of Central and Eastern Europe began to introduce the changes.