Thermodynamics

Consider availability (exergy) associated with a flow. The total exergy is based on the thermodynamic state, the kinetic and potential energies. Can they all be negative?  

Does the statement of Clausius require a constant T for the heat transfer as in a Carnot cycle? 

A battery is well insulated while being charged by 12.3 V at a current of 6 A. Take the battery as a control mass and find the instantaneous rate of work and the total work done over 4 hours.  

In a complete cycle what is the net change in energy and in volume?

Manometer measure the pressure of a tank as 250 cm of Hg. For the density of Hg 13.6 × 10³ Kg/m³ and atmospheric pressure 101 KPa, calculate the tank pressure in MPa.

Which of the following equations represent standard heat of formation of methane

Is the reversible work between two states the same as ideal work for the device?  

How much mass is in 0.25 gallon of liquid mercury (Hg)? Atmospheric air? 

 A U–tube manometer using mercury shows that the gas pressure inside a tank is 30cm. Calculate the gauge pressure of the gas inside the vessel. Take g = 9.78m/s², density of mercury =13,550kg/m³.

Take a control volume around your kitchen refrigerator and indicate where the components shown in Figure 1.6 are located and show all flows of energy transfer.